1.Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China 2.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China 3.Department of Architecture, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Abstract:Since Henri Bénard first carried out experiments on convection in the fluid layer heated from below at the beginning of last century, and Lord Rayleigh first analyzed small disturbance theoretically, Rayleigh-Bénard convection has received much attention from many researchers, and has become one of the models to study the spatiotemporal structure, flow stability and dynamic characteristics of convection. The methods of studying the Rayleigh-Bénard convection are divided into experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. With the development of computer, the research of numerical simulation has made great progress. Because the Rayleigh-Bénard convection can be accurately described by continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation of hydrodynamics. Therefore, the numerical simulation based on hydrodynamics equations has aroused a lot of research interest. Based on the classical Rayleigh-Bénard convection, the influence of horizontal flow on the Rayleigh-Bénard convection can be studied by applying horizontal flow to one end of the horizontal cavity. On the other hand, the influence of cavity inclination on Rayleigh-Bénard convection can be studied by considering the variation of inclined angles in the cavity. Some valuable convective properties have been obtained. In order to reveal some new convection structures or phenomena, the effects of cavity inclination and through-flow on Rayleigh-Bénard convection are considered at the same time in this paper.By using the numerical simulation of the basic equations of hydrodynamics, the convection partition and dynamic characteristics of the fluid with Prandtl number Pr = 6.99 in the inclined cavity with through-flows are discussed. The results show that for the reduced Rayleigh number r = 9, the system presents uniform traveling wave convection, non-uniform traveling wave convection and single roll convection pattern at the through-flow Reynolds number Re = 1.5 with the increase of the inclined angle θ in the cavity, that for the through-flow Reynolds number Re = 12.5, the system presents the localized traveling wave convection, parallel flow and localized single roll convection pattern with the increase of the inclined angle θ in the cavity, that furthermore, the numerical simulation of different values of through-flow Reynolds number Re and inclined angle θ in the cavity shows that on the plane composed of through flow Reynolds number Re and inclined angle θ in the cavity, the convection in the inclined cavity with through-flow can be divided into six kinds of pattern regions, namely, uniform traveling wave convection region, non-uniform traveling wave convection region, single roll convection region, localized traveling wave convection region, parallel flow region, and localized single roll convection region. The characteristics of the maximum vertical velocity wmax and Nusselt number Nu of convection varying with time in different convection regions are studied. The dynamic properties of convective amplitude A and Nusselt number Nu in different convective regions varying with inclined angle θ in the cavity are discussed. Keywords:through flow/ inclined cavity/ convective pattern/ partition/ dynamic characteristics
取${{r}} = 9$, 考虑${{Re}} = 1.5$及${{Re}} = 12.5$时不同倾斜角度情况下的对流特征物理量. 对最大垂直流速进行量纲归一化处理, 得到对流最大振幅, 即$A = {w_{\max}}/\left({\kappa /d} \right)$. 图11是最大振幅A随着倾斜角的变化. 可以看出, 图11(a)中的均匀行波对流、非均匀行波对流以及单对流圈斑图的最大振幅A随着倾斜角的增加而增加. 图11(b)中的局部行波对流、平行流及局部单对流圈斑图的最大振幅A也随着倾斜角的增加而增加. 相应倾斜角情况下, 图11(b)中的最大振幅A大于图11(a)中的最大振幅A. 图 11 不同对流结构时A随着${{\theta }}$的变化 (a) Re = 1.5; (b) Re = 12.5 Figure11. Variation of A in different convection structures with ${{\theta }}$: (a) Re = 1.5; (b) Re = 12.5.
33.3.2.努塞尔数的特性 -->
3.3.2.努塞尔数的特性
图12是努塞尔数${{Nu}}$随着倾斜角的变化. 从图12(a)可以看出, 均匀行波对流与非均匀行波对流时努塞尔数${{Nu}}$随着倾斜角的变化几乎不发生变化, 是一个常数. 对于单对流圈斑图, 努塞尔数${{Nu}}$随着倾斜角的增加而增加. 图12(b)中的局部行波对流、平行流及局部单对流圈斑图的努塞尔数${{Nu}}$随着倾斜角的增加而减小. 在不同倾斜角情况下, 图12(b)中的努塞尔数${{Nu}}$变化范围与图12(a)中的努塞尔数${{Nu}}$类似. 图 12 不同对流结构时${{Nu}}$随着${{\theta }}$的变化 (a) Re = 1.5; (b) Re = 12.5 Figure12. Variation of ${{Nu}}$ in different convection structures with ${{\theta }}$: (a) Re = 1.5; (b) Re = 12.5.