Congenital ectrodactyly caused by chromosome 10q24.31 duplication and its pathogenetic analysis
Xiuquan Zhang1,2, Jian Wang3, Fu Xiong3, Weibiao Lv1, Yuanqing Zhou1, Shaomin Yang4, Yuting Zhang2, Xiaoyan Tian2, Wei Lian2, Xiangmin Xu31. Department of General Laboratories, Reproductive Genetic Research Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China 3. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China 4. Department of Radiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
Abstract In order to investigate the genetic variations and the clinical manifestations of a range of congenital ectrodactyly family and to summarize the split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) types and their related pathogenic genes, we conducted phenotypic analyses of patient’s limbs by physical and X-ray examination. The haplotypes were analyzed by using the extracted genes from peripheral blood on D10S1709, D10S192, D10S597, D10S1693 and D10S587 loci, and the mutation duplication loci were confirmed by Array-CGH detection. The pathogenic factors and inheritance pattern of SHFM were analyzed based on family investigation and gene analysis. Results demonstrate the proband’s phenotype is typically of a congenital SHFM which is manifested by missing bilateral index and middle fingers, short bilateral thumbs, deformed left ring finger with webbing of the skin missing at the middle finger; bilateral big toe with the second and the third toe missing, fourth and fifth toe fusion leading to a deformed toe separated from the first toe by the middle of the foot. The haplotype analyses show that there is a repeat of at least 610 kb in chromosome 10q24.31-10q24.32 region. Array-CGH analysis shows 10q24.31 (102 832 650-103 511 083) ×3. Our results demonstrate that the pathogenic gene variation of ectrodactyly in this family is due to duplication of 10q24.31 (102 832 650~103 511 083). The haplotype 165-251-289-219-102 can be used as a disease marker for detecting 10q24.31~10q24.32 allele for SHFM. Keywords:congenital ectrodactyly;array-CGH;haplotype analysis;genetic counseling
先证者(箭头指向)母系遗传位点为251-102-289-219-165,其弟弟母系遗传位点为251-107-289-219-165,他们的父系遗传位点均为: 251-109-291-219-167。 Fig. 4Results of the gene haplotype analysis on 5 loci
SHFLD (split hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency)型:手/足裂畸形伴长骨发育不全,其遗传位点在17p13.3[20],为显性遗传,被证实是一个bhlha9基因重复,但有表型外显减弱的倾向,表现为手足分裂畸形合并胫/腓骨短促[10,21]。动物实验证实了这个基因在胫腓骨发育中的作用。另外,其他作者报道了19p13.11缺失导致SHFM,其EPS15L1基因变异是该疾病的根本原因[22]。
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