苹果不同砧穗组合对碳储量的影响研究

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吕佳红,
李慧,
邓明江,
柴小粉,
韩振海,
王忆^,
中国农业大学园艺学院北京 100193
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划专项2016YFD0201100
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目CARS-27

详细信息

通讯作者:王忆, 主要研究果树逆境生理与分子生物学。E-mail: wangyi@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S661.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-09-24
录用日期:2021-04-21
刊出日期:2021-08-01

Influence of apple grafting combinations on carbon storage in orchards

LYU Jiahong,
LI Hui,
DENG Mingjiang,
CHAI Xiaofen,
HAN Zhenhai,
WANG Yi^,
College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the Special Fund for the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0201100
the Industrial System Construction of Modern Agriculture of ChinaCARS-27

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Corresponding author:WANG Yi, E-mail: wangyi@cau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:作为一种重要的农用植被类型，果园在我国陆地生态系统碳汇评价中占有重要的地位，其碳储量及其碳汇经济价值的估算是全球碳循环研究的重要内容。本研究以山定子、八棱海棠、平邑甜茶3种苹果砧木与‘富士’‘金冠’2种苹果接穗嫁接组成的6种砧穗组合为试验材料，分别对其植株、土壤、枯落物进行碳储量分析，对系统单位面积苹果树的碳储量汇总，探究不同砧穗组合土壤-植被系统固碳能力及其差异，为理清并进一步提升苹果园碳储量提供理论依据。结果表明：相比于其他组织，苹果根含碳率高；各器官中树干生物量最高，占总生物量的33.89%~47.95%。不同器官的碳储量差异较大，表现为树干>树枝>根，且树干碳储量占植株碳储量的38%以上。对各砧穗组合植株碳储量比较发现，同种砧木、不同接穗的砧穗组合间，植株碳储量差异显著，以山定子、平邑甜茶为砧木时，‘富士’为接穗的组合显著高于‘金冠’为接穗的组合；同种接穗不同砧木间植株碳储量差异不显著。而对各砧穗组合枯落物碳储量比较发现，同种砧木不同接穗间差异显著，以‘富士’为接穗的砧穗组合显著高于‘金冠’为接穗的组合；同种接穗不同砧木间，以山定子为砧木的砧穗组合枯落物碳储量显著高于八棱海棠和平邑甜茶，后两者间无显著差异。0~20 cm土壤的碳储量（57.86~80.91 t·hm^-2）显著高于20~40 cm（20.15~25.97 t·hm^-2）、40~60 cm（11.54~14.62 t·hm^-2）及60~100 cm（17.41~33.98 t·hm^-2）土层。‘金冠’/山定子砧穗组合单位面积碳储量值最高；各砧穗组合碳储量经济价值差异不大，平均17.084万元·hm^-2。
关键词:苹果/
砧穗组合/
生物量/
碳储量
Abstract:Orchard ecosystems are an important form of agriculture that plays a significant role in the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Estimating carbon sequestration and economic value of orchards is a central part of global carbon cycle research. In this study, six orthogonal combinations of three stock species (Malus micromalus, M. baccata, and M. hupehensis) and two scions of apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious') were examined for the carbon storage in the vegetation layers, soil, and litter of apple orchard. Carbon storage in the orchard ecosystems was summarized, and the carbon sequestration capacities of different soil-vegetation systems were explored. This work provides a theoretical basis for improving the carbon storage of apple orchards. The results showed that, compared with other tissues, the roots had the highest carbon content, while the trunk biomass was the highest among all organs biomasses, accounting for 33.89% to 47.95% of the total biomass. The carbon storage of each organ was different and in the sequence of trunk > branches > root. Carbon storage in the trunk accounted for more than 38% of the whole plant. When comparing the plant carbon storage of each combination, there were significant differences between scions. When M. baccata and M. hupehensis were used as stocks, the combination with 'Fuji' as the scion was significantly higher than that with 'Golden Delicious'. Comparison of the litter carbon storage in the various stocks and scions showed significant differences between different scions of the same stock; the stock combination with 'Fuji' was significantly higher than the combination with 'Golden Delicious'. Carbon storage in the litter indicated that there were significant differences in carbon storage among stocks. Carbon storage in the litter of combinations with M. baccata as the stock was significantly higher than in the combinations with M. micromalus and M. hupehensis as stocks. However, there were no significant differences between the latter two. Carbon storage in the 0-20 cm soil layer (57.86-80.91 t·hm^-2) was significantly higher than that in the 20-40 cm (20.15-25.97 t·hm^-2), 40-60 cm (11.54-14.62 t·hm^-2), and 60-100 cm (17.41-33.98 t·hm^-2) soil layers. 'Golden Delicious'/M. baccata had the highest carbon storage value per area. Moreover, there was little difference in the economic value of carbon storage in each stock combination, with an average of RMB 170.84 thousand Yuan per hectare.
Key words:Apple/
Grafting combination/
Biomass/
Carbon sequestration

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图1不同砧穗组合苹果树的植株碳储量
“*”表示接穗品种间在P < 0.05水平差异显著, “ns”表示砧木类型间无显著差异。
Figure1.Plant carbon storage of apple trees of each graft combinations
"*" indicates significant differences between scion cultivars at P < 0.05 level; "ns" indicates no significant differences among stock genotypes.

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图2不同砧穗组合苹果树的枯落物碳储量
“*”和“**”表示接穗品种间或砧木类型间在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平差异显著, “ns”表示砧木类型间无显著差异。
Figure2.Carbon storage of litter of apple trees of different grafting combinations
"*" and "**" indicate significant differences among scion cultivars or stock genotypes at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively; "ns" indicates no significant differences among stock genotypes.

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表1不同苹果砧穗组合生长状况
Table1.Growth status of different apple grafting combinations?cm

接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	株高 Plant height	基径 Trunk diameter	冠幅 Mean crown width
富士 Fuji	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	462.33±18.37a	11.27±1.29abc	340.51±26.54a
	山定子Malus baccata	468.67±23.1a	11.52±0.58ab	377.50±28.94a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	432.33±21.67a	12.21±0.66a	372.50±16.20a
金冠 Golden Delicious	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	471.33±14.64a	10.16±0.44bcd	377.83±35.77a
	山定子Malus baccata	478.00±7.48a	9.89±0.13cd	290.61±14.36 a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	440.33±26.74a	9.61±0.42d	302.00±20.82a
不同小写字母表示不同砧穗组合间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different grafting combinations at P < 0.05.

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表2不同砧穗组合苹果树各器官平均生物量和含碳率
Table2.Average biomass and carbon content of each organ of apple trees of different grafting combinations

接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	生物量Biomass (kg)			含碳率Carbon content (g·kg^-1)
接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	树干 Trunk	树枝 Branches	根系 Root	树干 Trunk	树枝 Branches	根系 Root
富士 Fuji	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	25.57±5.45a	13.20±1.75ab	14.55±1.17ab	41.77±0.35c	42.71±3.17a	44.47±1.04a
	山定子Malus baccata	23.60±2.59ab	16.50±2.27a	17.67±2.76ab	42.66±0.20abc	42.82±1.29a	44.19±0.58a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	26.27±1.98a	18.64±2.95a	18.90±4.04a	42.46±1.00bc	41.92±0.86a	44.76±0.55a
金冠 Golden Delicious	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	22.50±4.82ab	15.71±4.30ab	13.15±2.04ab	42.08±0.39c	43.47±1.06a	44.52±0.63a
	山定子Malus baccata	19.27±4.50ab	13.90±1.42ab	16.92±2.65ab	43.10±0.47ab	42.56±0.45a	45.00±0.75a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	12.43±3.98ab	12.28±0.99b	11.97±1.57b	43.62±0.32a	42.65±0.35a	45.50±0.31a
不同小写字母表示不同砧穗组合间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different grafting combinations at P < 0.05 level.

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表3基于基径(X)预测苹果各器官生物量(Y)的模型
Table3.Allometric models for predicting biomass of each organ of apple trees (Y) by diameter (X)

器官Organ	Y=aX^b
器官Organ	a	b	R²	P
树干Trunk	0.6841	1.2722	0.4344	0.0029
树枝Branches	0.0864	2.3043	0.4838	0.0013
根系Roots	0.8503	1.2133	0.3302	0.0126
地上部 Aboveground part	0.9533	1.6704	0.5889	0.0002

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表4不同砧穗组合苹果树各器官平均碳储量
Table4.Average carbon storage of each organ of apple trees of different grafting combinations?kg

接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	碳储量Carbon storage			植株碳储量 Carbon storage of plant
接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	树干Trunk	树枝Branches	根系root	植株碳储量 Carbon storage of plant
富士 Fuji	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	10.68±2.30a	5.60±1.07ab	6.46±0.39a	22.75±2.16ab
	山定子Malus baccata	10.07±1.14ab	7.08±1.11a	7.82±2.85a	22.39±2.67a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	11.13±0.57a	7.20±1.39a	8.47±1.91a	26.80±1.57a
金冠 Golden Delicious	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	9.45±1.93ab	6.20±1.99ab	5.80±0.93a	21.45±4.83ab
	山定子Malus baccata	8.30±1.91ab	5.93±0.66ab	7.62±1.08a	21.85±0.76ab
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	5.43±2.16b	4.60±0.39b	5.45±0.75a	15.47±3.30b
不同小写字母表示不同砧穗组合间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different grafting combinations at P < 0.05.

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表5不同砧穗组合苹果的不同土层和枯落物碳储量
Table5.Soil carbon storage in different soil layers of apple trees of different grafting combinations?t·hm^-2

接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	土层Soil layer (cm)					枯落物 Litter
接穗品种 Scion cultivar	砧木类型 Stock genotype	0~20	20~40	40~60	60~100	合计Tota	枯落物 Litter
富士 Fuji	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	57.86±2.79bA	25.97±0.24aB	13.10±1.93bC	30.17±3.56aD	127.10±1.76abc	15.28±0.44c
	山定子Malus baccata	60.38±3.41bA	22.83±0.77bcC	17.10±2.37aD	28.36±1.14aB	128.72±6.16abc	26.95±0.79a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	61.43±2.74bA	20.15±2.019dC	12.21±0.80bD	26.70±1.66aB	120.49±1.41c	16.57±0.44c
金冠 Golden Delicious	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	61.94±3.42bA	24.71±2.56abB	11.54±1.92bC	27.45±5.93aB	125.64±±9.28bc	20.73±0.54b
	山定子Malus baccata	63.12±3.07bA	22.37±1.01cC	14.62±1.50abD	33.98±1.04aB	134.09±±2.56ab	26.38±0.73a
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	80.91±5.55aA	22.75±0.27cB	14.60±0.21abC	17.41±5.58bBC	135.67±0.73a	25.94±0.72a
不同小写字母表示同一土层不同砧穗组合间在P < 0.05水平差异显著, 不同大写字母表示同一砧穗组合不同土层间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different grafting combinations in the same soil layer at P < 0.05 level; different capital letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers for the same grafting combination at P < 0.05 level.

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表6不同砧穗组合苹果树单位面积碳储量及年固碳经济价值
Table6.Carbon reserves and annual carbon-fixing economic values of apple trees of different grafting combinations

砧木品种 Scion cultivar	接穗类型 Stock genotype	单位面积碳储量 Carbon storage per unit area (t·hm^-2)				固碳价值 Value of carbon sequestration (×10⁴ ￥·hm^-2)
砧木品种 Scion cultivar	接穗类型 Stock genotype	土壤 Soil	植株 Plant	枯落物 Litter	系统 System	土壤 Soil	树体 Plant	枯落物 Litter	系统 System
富士 Fuji	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	127.10	13.67	0.15	140.92	15.252	1.6404	0.0180	16.910
	山定子Malus baccata	128.72	14.97	0.27	143.96	15.446	1.7964	0.0324	17.275
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	120.49	16.46	0.17	137.12	14.459	1.9752	0.0204	16.454
金冠 Golden Delicious	八棱海棠Malus micromalus	125.64	13.29	0.21	139.14	15.077	1.5948	0.0252	16.697
	山定子Malus baccata	134.09	13.12	0.26	147.47	16.091	1.5744	0.0312	17.696
	平邑甜茶Malus hupehensis	135.67	9.66	0.26	145.59	16.280	1.1592	0.0312	17.471

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