区域景观中生境特异性对昆虫多样性的影响——以西双版纳为例

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张翔^1,,
卢志兴¹,
王庆¹,
高舒桐¹,
唐春英²,
李巧²,
陈又清^1,,
1.中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所昆明 650224
2.西南林业大学昆明 650224
基金项目:生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目（2019—2023年）资助

详细信息

作者简介:张翔, 研究方向为昆虫生态学。E-mail: m18213456905@163.com

通讯作者:陈又清, 主要从事昆虫生态学研究。E-mail: cyqcaf@126.com

中图分类号:Q968.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-08-20
录用日期:2021-01-27
刊出日期:2021-05-01

Habitat-specific influences on insect diversity in regional landscapes: A case study of Xishuangbanna

ZHANG Xiang^1,,
LU Zhixing¹,
WANG Qing¹,
GAO Shutong¹,
TANG Chunying²,
LI Qiao²,
CHEN Youqing^1,,
1. Research Institute of Resources Insect, Chines Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China
2. Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
Funds:This study was supported by the Biodiversity Survey, Observation and Assessment Program of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China (2019?2023)

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Corresponding author:CHEN Youqing, E-mail: cyqcaf@126.com

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摘要
摘要:生境特异性（habitat-specific）在维持生物多样性上发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在了解在区域景观中，不同类型生境对不同类群昆虫多样性的贡献及群落结构差异，从大尺度上探讨昆虫多样性分布格局和维持机制。于2019年8—9月，在西双版纳地区利用样线调查法，调查了保护区、次生林、人工林和农田4种生境中蝴蝶、蝽和甲虫的物种数、特有物种数，分析了昆虫群落的生境特异性指数、群落结构相似性及物种丰富度与生态因子的关系。共采集昆虫2588头，其中蝴蝶94种（744头），蝽197种（1094头），甲虫129种（750头），保护区的昆虫物种数和特有物种数均高于其余类型生境。保护区昆虫群落的生境特异性指数实测值高于期望值，而其余类型生境昆虫群落的生境特异性指数实测值均低于期望值；不同类型生境间，3个类群的昆虫群落汇总的生境特异性指数不存在显著差异（F_3，57=2.054），甲虫生境特异性指数差异显著（F_3，55=3.478），蝴蝶（F_3，38=1.504）和蝽类（F_3，53=1.153）生境特异性指数差异不显著。群落结构相似性分析显示，保护区和农田的3个类群昆虫群落汇总的群落结构差异显著；次生林和人工林的蝴蝶群落结构差异显著，保护区和次生林的蝽类群落结构差异显著，甲虫昆虫群落结构差异不显著。本研究还发现，只有生境类型对昆虫群落的物种丰富度产生的影响极显著（P < 0.01），而其他生态因子的影响不显著。在大尺度区域景观中，保护区对昆虫群落的多样性影响最大，生境类型与昆虫群落的物种丰富度密切相关，保护较好的天然林是维持区域昆虫群落分布格局和多样性的重要机制。
关键词:区域景观/
昆虫群落生境特异性/
昆虫多样性/
群落结构/
西双版纳
Abstract:Habitat-specific plays an important role in the maintenance of biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the influence of habitat type on the diversity of different insect groups and the differences in community structure across the regional landscape. This study also explored the distribution patterns and maintenance mechanisms of insect diversity on a large scale. From August to September 2019, the sample line survey method was used in the Xishuangbanna region to estimate the number of species and endemic species of butterflies, true bugs, and beetles in four different habitat types (reserve, secondary forest, artificial forest, and farmland) and to analyze the habitat specificity index of the insect communities, the community structure similarity, and the relationships between species richness and the ecological factors. A total of 2588 insects were collected, including 94 butterfly species (744 heads), 197 bug species (1094 heads), and 129 beetle species (750 heads). The number of insect species and endemic species in the reserve was higher than those in the other habitats, and the observed habitat specificity index of the insect community was higher than the expected value in the reserve. The observed habitat specificity index values for the other habitat types were lower than the expected values. There was no significant difference in the habitat specificity index of the insect communities in different habitat types (F_{3, 57}=2.054), but there was a significant difference in the habitat specificity index of beetles (F_{3, 55}=3.478). The habitat specificity index of butterflies (F_{3, 38}=1.504) and true bugs (F_{3, 53}=1.153) did not differ. Analysis of the community structure similarity showed that the insect community structure of the three groups significantly differed between the reserve and farmland. There was a significant difference in the community structure of butterflies between secondary forests and artificial forests (P=0.037), and there was a significant difference in the community structure of true bugs between the reserve and secondary forests (P=0.029). There was no difference in the insect community structure of beetles (P=0.507), and only habitat type had a significant effect on the species richness of the insect community. The other ecological factors did not have a significant effect. In large-scale regional landscapes, the reserve had the greatest impact on diversity, and the habitat types were closely related to the species richness of the insect communities. Well-protected natural forests are important for maintaining the distribution and diversity of insect communities in regional landscapes.
Key words:Regional landscape/
Insect community habitat-specific/
Insect diversity/
Community structure/
Xishuangbanna

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图1西双版纳各个保护区及不同类型生境昆虫采集样线分布示意图
Figure1.Schematic diagram of the distribution of various reserves and insect sampling lines of different habitat types in Xishuangbanna

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图2不同类型生境中蝴蝶、蝽和甲虫的组合(a)和单一类群(b: 蝴蝶; c: 蝽; d: 甲虫)的昆虫群落生境特异性指数实测值和期望值的特异性(平均值和95%置信区间)
R: 保护区; SF: 次生林; AF: 人工林; F: 农田。
Figure2.Observed and expected values of insect community habitat-specific index (mean and 95% CI) of the assemblages (a) and single groups of butterflies (b), true bugs (b) and beetles (d) in different habitat types
R: reserve; SF: secondary forest; AF: artificial forest; F: farmland.

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图3不同类型生境中蝴蝶、蝽、甲虫组合(a)和单一类群(b, c, d)的群落结构
Figure3.Community structures of assemblages (a) and single groups of butterflies (b), true bugs (c) and beetles (d) in different habitat types

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表1西双版纳不同类型生境昆虫采集样线数量
Table1.Number of insect sampling lines in different habitat types in Xishuangbanna

类群Group	县County	保护区Reserve	次生林Secondary forest	人工林Artificial forest	农田Farmland	合计Total
总类群Total taxa	景洪Jinghong	11	6	16	7	40
	勐海Menghai	11	10	4	15	40
	勐腊Mengla	14	6	18	2	40
	合计Total	36	22	38	24	120
蝴蝶Butterflies	景洪Jinghong	10	5	15	6	36
	勐海Menghai	10	10	3	14	37
	勐腊Mengla	12	5	16	2	35
	合计Total	32	20	34	22	108
蝽True bugs	景洪Jinghong	10	6	14	7	37
	勐海Menghai	11	10	3	14	37
	勐腊Mengla	10	6	18	2	36
	合计Total	31	22	35	23	110
甲虫Beetles	景洪Jinghong	10	5	15	5	40
	勐海Menghai	10	10	4	14	38
	勐腊Mengla	11	6	15	2	34
	合计Total	31	21	34	21	112

下载: 导出CSV
表2不同生境类型蝴蝶、蝽、甲虫特有物种及物种数量及比例
Table2.Numbers and proportions of endemic species and species of butterflies, true bugs, beetles in different habitat types

昆虫类群Insect group		保护区Reserve		次生林Secondary forest		人工林Artificial forest		农田Farmland
昆虫类群Insect group		数量Number	比例Proportion (%)	数量Number	比例Proportion (%)	数量Number	比例Proportion (%)	数量Number	比例Proportion (%)
特有物种数Number of endemic species	蝴蝶Butterflies	17	7.2	5	3.3	18	10.0	5	3.5
	蝽True bugs	51	21.7	30	19.7	29	16.1	25	17.5
	甲虫Beetles	34	14.5	14	9.2	20	11.1	14	9.8
总物种数Total species		102	43.4	49	32.2	67	37.2	44	30.8
物种多度Species abundance		185	21.6	61	14.7	94	10.7	51	11.6
物种数Number of species	蝴蝶Butterflies	58	24.7	33	21.7	61	33.9	33	23.1
	蝽True bugs	101	43.0	69	45.4	70	38.9	63	44.1
	甲虫Beetles	76	32.3	50	32.9	49	27.2	47	32.9
	合计Total	235	—	152	—	180	—	143	—

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表3不同类型生境间蝴蝶、蝽、甲虫组合和单一类群的群落结构差异显著性(ANOSIM Global R)
Table3.Difference between different habitat types (ANOSIM Global R) in community structure of butterflies, true bugs and beetles assemblages and single groups

昆虫类型Insect group	R-SF	R-AF	R-F	SF-AF	SF-F	AF-F
蝴蝶Butterflies	0.070	0.045	0.084	0.128^*	?0.012	0.088
蝽True bugs	0.091^*	0.003	0.074	0.032	?0.003	?0.009
甲虫Beetles	?0.024	0.028	0.012	?0.031	?0.085	?0.066
合并Assemblage	0.037	0.049	0.081^*	0.040	?0.056	0.062
表中数据为不同类型生境间昆虫群落结构两两比较的统计值(ANOSIM Global R); R、SF、AF和F分别表示保护区、次生林、人工林和农田生境类型。: 存在显著差异。Data in the table is the statistical value (ANOSIM Global R) of the comparison of insect community structure between two habitat types. R, SF, AF and F are habitat types of reserve, secondary forest, artificial forest and farmland, respectively. means significant difference.

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表4不同类型生境中环境因子对昆虫物种丰富度的影响
Table4.Effects of environmental factors in different habitat types on insect species richness

来源Origin	自由度Degree of freedom	卡方Chi-square	P值P Value
回归Regression	9	68.63	< 0.01
年均温Mean annual temperature	1	0.11	0.745
极端低温Extreme minimum temperature	1	3.33	0.068
海拔Altitude	1	2.13	0.144
植物均匀度指数Evenness index of plant	1	0.32	0.571
植物香农威纳指数Shannon Wiener index of plant	1	0.02	0.879
生境同质性指数Habitat homogeneity index	1	0.02	0.881
生境类型Habitat type	3	58.80	< 0.01

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