刘入华^1,,
孙仁华²,
宋成军³,
刘庆生⁴,
刘云慧¹,
段美春¹,
张旭珠^{1, 5,,}
1.中国农业大学生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室 北京 100193
2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室 北京 100081
3.农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站 北京 100125
4.河南省 安阳市农业科学研究院 安阳 455000
5.河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院 邯郸 056038
基金项目: 农业农村部农业生态环境保护专项2110402
国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC0507203

详细信息

作者简介:刘入华, 主要研究方向为生物多样性保护与农业可持续发展。E-mail: 2014759316@qq.com

通讯作者:张旭珠, 主要研究方向为景观生态与生物多样性保护与利用。E-mail: zhangxuzhu@hebeu.edu.cn

中图分类号:X176;S345

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-07-14
录用日期:2020-12-29
刊出日期:2021-03-01

Ground-dwelling spider diversity within organic and conventional croplands in the hilly and plain areas of North China

LIU Ruhua^1,,
SUN Renhua²,
SONG Chengjun³,
LIU Qingsheng⁴,
LIU Yunhui¹,
DUAN Meichun¹,
ZHANG Xuzhu^{1, 5,,}
1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
3. Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
4. Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province, Anyang 455000, China
5. School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Funds: the Special Project of Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China2110402
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2018YFC0507203

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Corresponding author:ZHANG Xuzhu, E-mail: zhangxuzhu@hebeu.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:为满足日益增长的粮食需求，丘陵地区的农业发展已受到越来越多的重视，而农业集约化生产是导致生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一。为了解地形区域、生产管理模式及边界树篱带对农田地表天敌多样性的影响，在我国华北典型农区，选取5种农田，包括丘陵地区的常规管理无植物篱玉米地（CM）、常规管理有植物篱玉米地（CMH）、有机管理无植物篱玉米地（OM）、有机管理有植物篱玉米地（OMH）和平原地区常规管理无植物篱玉米地（PCM），于2019年8—9月采用陷阱法展开蜘蛛多样性调查。结果表明：处于丘陵地区的玉米地蜘蛛的香农多样性和物种稀疏指数显著高于平原地区，有机管理下的玉米地蜘蛛物种稀疏指数显著高于常规管理下的玉米地，有植物篱的玉米地蜘蛛的物种稀疏指数高于无植物篱的玉米地；且丘陵与平原、有植物篱与无植物篱、有机和常规管理下蜘蛛群落结构显著不同。基于上述研究结果，研究建议农业发展和生物多样性保护应当加强区域土地利用规划和分区管理；丘陵地区因受人类干扰较小，维持了较平原地区更高的蜘蛛物种库，可以作为集约化农区生物多样性保护的热点区，农业发展应优先规划发展低集约化的生产模式（如有机农业等），并加强景观多样性建设。而平原地区也应合理保留农田半自然边界带和降低集约化管理强度以推动生态环境改善和绿色发展。
关键词:丘陵/
平原/
常规农田/
有机农业/
植物篱
Abstract:The growing demand for food has led to increased focus on agricultural development in hilly areas. However, intensive agriculture may be one of the main reasons for biodiversity loss in the landscape. To better understand the effects of production management practices and boundary hedges on ground-dwelling spider biodiversity in different topographic areas, this study was conducted at five different farmlands in a typical agricultural area of North China. In the hilly area, conventional maize fields with and without a plant hedge (CMH/CM) and organic maize fields with or without a plant hedge (OMH/OM) were sampled for spiders. Conventional maize fields without a plant hedge were also sampled in the plain area (PCM). Spiders were sampled using pitfall traps from August to September 2019. The results showed that the Shannon diversity and rarefied species diversity of spiders in the maize fields were significantly higher in the hilly area than in the plain area; and organically managed maize fields had significantly higher spider rarefied species diversity than conventional maize fields. Furthermore, the spider rarefied species diversity was significantly higher in maize fields with hedges than without hedges. The species composition of the spider assemblages significantly differed between the farmlands with organic and conventional management, between the farmlands in the hills and plains, and between the farmlands with and without hedges. Based on these results, we recommend that regional land use planning and zoning management strategies be applied to improve agricultural production development and conserve biodiversity. The hilly region experiences less human disturbance and has greater diversity; thus, it may represent a hotspot for biodiversity conservation in an intensive agriculture region that could be promoted by developing extensive agriculture (such as organic agriculture) and more diverse landscapes with hedgerows. In the plain area, the semi-natural boundary should be reserved, and the agricultural production intensity should be reduced to improve the environment and promote green development.
Key words:Hilly area/
Plain area/
Conventional croplands/
Organic agriculture/
Hedgerow

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图1丘陵地区(左)和平原地区(右)取样点陷阱分布
Figure1.Traps distribution in sampling site in hilly area (left) and plain area (right)


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图2丘陵地区和平原地区玉米地蜘蛛群落稀疏曲线(a)、香农威纳指数(b)和非度量多维度(c)
Figure2.Rarefaction curves (a), Shannon-Weiner indices (b) and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling based on the Chord indices (c) of spiders at maize fields in hilly and plain areas


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图3无植物篱和有植物篱玉米地蜘蛛群落稀疏曲线(a)、香农威纳指数(b)和非度量多维度(c)
Figure3.Rarefaction curves (a), Shannon-Weiner indices (b) and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling based on the Chord indices (c) of spiders at maize fields without and with hedge


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图4常规管理和有机管理蜘蛛群落玉米地稀疏曲线(a)、香农威纳指数(b)和非度量多维度(c)
Figure4.Rarefaction curves (a), Shannon-Weiner indices (b) and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling based on the Chord indices (c) of spiders at conventionally and organically managed maize fields


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表1研究区不同类型玉米地蜘蛛群落组成
Table1.Composition of spider communities in different types of maize fields in the study area

物种Species	CM	CMH	OM	OMH	PCM	总计 Total	百分比 Percentage (%)
迷宫漏斗蛛Agelena labyrinthica Clerck	1	1	0	10	0	12	0.23
黑丘皿蛛Agyneta nigra Oi	4	0	7	3	1	15	0.29
白纹舞蛛Alopecosa albostriata Grube	46	63	61	39	12	221	4.24
利氏舞蛛Alopecosa licenti Schenkel	10	53	10	1	0	74	1.42
田野阿纳蛛Anahita fauna Karsch	0	4	3	4	6	17	0.33
丽亚蛛Asianellus festivus C. L. Koch	62	86	72	18	0	238	4.57
膜毕微蛛Bishopiana glumacea Gao, Fei & Zhu	1	0	0	0	0	1	0.02
乔氏枝疣蛛Cladothela joannisi Schenkel	0	1	0	2	0	3	0.06
云门枝疣蛛Cladothela unmunensis Seo	0	0	0	1	0	1	0.02
褶管巢蛛Clubiona corrugata B?senberg & Strand	0	0	0	1	0	1	0.02
苔齿螯蛛Enoplognatha caricis Fickert	0	0	0	0	3	3	0.06
隆背微蛛Erigone prominens B?senberg & Strand	14	3	10	22	7	56	1.07
韩国突拟态蛛Ermetus koreanus Paik	4	1	1	0	0	6	0.12
前斑蛛Euophrys frontalis Walckenaer	0	0	0	1	0	1	0.02
白斑猎蛛Evarcha albaria L. Koch	1	1	0	3	0	5	0.10
甘肃平腹蛛Gnaphosa kansuensis Schenkel	54	90	29	34	40	247	4.74
利氏平腹蛛Gnaphosa licenti Schenkel	4	21	13	14	1	53	1.02
中华平腹蛛Gnaphosa sinensis Simon	3	6	1	9	0	19	0.36
栓栅蛛Hahnia corticicola B?senberg & Strand	0	0	0	0	1	1	0.02
陕西七纺蛛Heptathela schensiensis Schenkel	4	6	12	7	0	29	0.56
中华七纺蛛Heptathela sinensis Bishop & Crosby	0	1	2	1	0	4	0.08
草间钻头蛛Hylyphantes graminicola Sundeval	3	0	2	4	13	22	0.42
巴氏拉土蛛Latouchia pavlovi Schenkel	0	2	1	2	0	5	0.10
华美小蚁蛛Micaria dives Lucas	22	16	34	4	4	80	1.53
山区小蚁蛛Micaria pulcherrima Caporiacco	0	2	2	2	0	6	0.12
底栖小类球蛛Nesticella mogera Yaginuma	19	0	2	0	2	23	0.44
白斑隐蛛Nurscia albofasciata Strand	14	26	18	18	11	87	1.67
星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera L. Koch	831	362	390	172	584	2339	44.87
沟渠豹蛛Pardosa laura Karsch	0	0	0	0	1	1	0.02
类小水狼蛛Piratula piratoides B?senberg & Strand	10	3	3	2	34	52	1.00
刺足蛛属Phrurolithus spp.	1	0	1	1	0	3	0.06
中华刺足蛛Phrurolithus sinicus Zhu & Mei	13	2	31	6	0	52	1.00
笔状跃蛛Sitticus penicillatus Simon	20	14	8	4	0	46	0.88
螋蛛属Sosticus spp.	0	0	0	1	0	1	0.02
七斑肥腹蛛Steatoda erigoniformis O. P.-Cambridg	2	8	26	12	0	48	0.92
日本斯蛛Stemmops nipponicus Yaginuma	8	2	5	4	1	20	0.38
小狼逍遥蛛Thanatus miniaceus Simon	126	159	124	78	14	501	9.61
棕头粗狂蛛Trachyzelotes fuscipes L. Koch	14	16	0	10	0	40	0.77
查哈粗狂蛛Trachyzelotes jaxartensis Kroneberg	0	1	0	0	1	2	0.04
阴沟瘤蛛Ummeliata feminea B?senberg & Strand	13	1	2	2	27	45	0.86
鞍形花蟹蛛Xysticus ephippiatus Simon	2	6	1	7	3	19	0.36
伪丝花蟹蛛Xysticus pseudobliteus Simon	5	9	5	10	1	30	0.58
大卫狂蛛Zelotes davidi Schenkel	26	38	7	10	7	88	1.69
波氏狂蛛Zelotes potanini Schenkel	261	246	136	27	1	671	12.87
武昌狂蛛Zelotes wuchangensis Schenkel	1	13	0	4	0	18	0.35
颜氏狂蛛Zelotes yani Yin, Bao & Zhang	0	0	0	1	0	1	0.02
叉拟平腹蛛Zodariellum furcum Zhu	0	0	6	0	0	6	0.12
总计Total	1599	1263	1025	551	775	5213
CM: 丘陵地区、无植物篱、常规管理; CMH: 丘陵地区、有植物篱、常规管理; OM: 丘陵地区、无植物篱、有机管理; OMH: 丘陵地区、有植物篱、有机管理; PCM: 平原地区、无植物篱、常规管理。CM: conventional management without hedgerow in hilly area; CHM: conventional management with hedgerow in hilly area; OM: organic management without hedgerow in hilly area; OMH: organic management with hedgerow in hilly area; PCM: conventional management without hedgerow in plain area.

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