王英1,
孙业红1,,,
闵庆文2, 3,
焦雯珺2
1.北京联合大学旅游学院 北京 100101
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
3.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41971264
国家自然科学基金项目41801204
农业农村部国际交流合作项目12200020
详细信息
作者简介:苏莹莹, 主要研究方向为遗产旅游与饮食旅游。E-mail:lyglsuying@163.com
通讯作者:孙业红, 主要研究方向为农业文化遗产动态保护、遗产旅游、旅游开发与规划。E-mail:sunyehong@buu.edu.cn
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2020-01-20
录用日期:2020-04-07
刊出日期:2020-09-01
Relationship between tourists' environmental responsibility behavior and food preference in agricultural heritage sites: A case study of Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System
SU Yingying1,,WANG Ying1,
SUN Yehong1,,,
MIN Qingwen2, 3,
JIAO Wenjun2
1. Tourism College of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41971264
the National Natural Science Foundation of China41801204
the International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China12200020
More Information
Corresponding author:SUN Yehong, E-mail:sunyehong@buu.edu.cn
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摘要:传统饮食是农业文化遗产地重要的旅游资源，饮食旅游偏好影响着游客对旅游产品的选择。引导和培养游客环境责任行为对遗产地传统饮食旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以全球重要农业文化遗产浙江青田稻鱼共生系统为例，通过问卷和访谈实证调查分析游客环境责任行为和传统饮食偏好之间的关系。运用SPSS 18.0进行因子分析，提取出3项游客环境责任行为因子，分别为传统饮食认知因子、传统饮食环境责任态度因子、传统饮食环境责任行为因子；同时根据提取出的3项游客传统饮食偏好因子，将游客分为传统饮食口味追逐型、传统饮食参与体验型、传统饮食文化体验型，3种类型所占比重分别为38.05%、35.63%和26.31%。其中传统口味追逐型游客关注饮食的口味、种类、环境等食用体验，传统饮食参与体验型游客更多地关注饮食的制作过程以及部分饮食文化内涵，而传统饮食文化体验型游客更加关注当地文化、生态保护和对本地食材的应用以及传统饮食所传递的文化价值，且三者中传统饮食文化体验型游客环境责任行为最强，传统口味追逐型游客最弱。最后将游客环境责任行为因子和传统饮食偏好因子进行回归分析，发现游客环境责任行为因子与游客传统饮食旅游偏好之间存在正相关关系。应考虑不同类型游客对农业文化遗产的饮食偏好，有选择有重点地适应游客的需求，避免为吸引大众游客而产生的饮食文化破坏与生态安全问题。
关键词:游客环境责任行为/
游客饮食偏好/
农业文化遗产/
可持续旅游
Abstract:Traditional food is an important tourism resource in agricultural heritage sites, and tourists' diet preferences affect their choice of tourism products. As an important part of sustainable tourism research, tourists' environmental responsibility behavior is of great significance to the sustainable development of tourism destinations. In order to investigate the relationship between tourists' environmentally responsible behavior and traditional food tourism preferences, a case study was conducted in the Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) site. The following three factors of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior were determined, which were traditional food cognitive factors, environmentally responsible attitude factors, and environmentally responsible behavior factors. At the same time, three types of tourists' traditional food preferences were established, which were pursuing traditional food flavors, participating in traditional food experiences, and pursuing traditional food cultural experiences, which accounted for 38.05%, 35.63%, and 26.31%, respectively. Among them, tourists who pursued traditional food flavors focused on the taste type, environment, and other eating experiences of the food; tourists who participated in traditional food experiences concentrated on the food production process and part of the cultural connotation; and tourists who experienced the culture of traditional food paid more attention on local cultures, ecological protections, applications of local food materials, and the cultural value transmitted by the traditional food. The three environmentally responsible behaviors of tourists who valued traditional food cultural experiences were the strongest, and that of tourists who valued traditional flavors were the weakest. Finally, the regression analysis of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior factors and traditional food preference factors showed a positive correlation. However, we should consider the food preference of different types of tourists in agricultural heritage sites and avoid the problems of food culture destruction and ecological security in order to attract public tourists.
Key words:Tourists' environmentally responsibility behavior/
Tourists' food preference/
Agricultural heritage/
Sustainable Tourism
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表1全球重要农业文化遗产“浙江青田稻鱼共生系统”游客环境责任行为和传统饮食偏好量表
Table1.Scale of tourists' environmental responsibility behavior and traditional food preference of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site of Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System
| 变量 Variable | 具体测量指标 Specific measurement indicators | 参考来源 References |
| 农业文化遗产地传统饮食认知 Cognition of traditional food of agricultural heritage sites | 农业文化遗产地传统饮食的食材来源绿色健康 The raw materials of traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites are green and healthy. | [29-30] |
| 农业文化遗产地传统饮食的环境优美 The environment of traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites is beautiful. | ||
| 农业文化遗产地传统饮食口味好 The traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites tastes good. | ||
| 农业文化遗产地传统饮食品种丰富 The traditional food varieties in agricultural heritage sites are rich. | ||
| 农业文化遗产地饮食相关民俗文化知识丰富 The knowledge of food related folk culture in the agricultural heritage sites is rich. | ||
| 游客传统饮食的地方依附 Place dependence of tourists’ traditional food | 农业文化遗产地传统饮食能更好地满足我的需求 The traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites can better meet my needs. | [30-31] |
| 我非常认同遗产地传统饮食所塑造的地方形象 I agree with the local image created by the traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 相比于其他地区我更加愿意去农业文化遗产地品尝传统饮食 Compared with other regions, I prefer to go to the agricultural heritage sites to taste traditional food. | ||
| 农业文化遗产地传统饮食旅游给我的生活增添意义 The traditional food tourism in the agricultural heritage sites adds significance to my life. | ||
| 游客农业文化遗产地传统饮食旅游偏好 Tourists’ traditional food preference in the agricultural heritage sites | 我更加喜欢品尝农业文化遗产地传统饮食 I prefer to taste the traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites. | 参考文献[29]和前期调研结果 Reference [29] and investigation results |
| 我更加注重农业文化遗产地传统饮食的美观性 I pay more attention to the beauty of the traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加注重农业文化遗产地传统饮食的口味 I pay more attention to the taste of the traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加注重农业文化遗产地饮食的多样性 I pay more attention to the diversity of food in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加注重农业文化遗产地饮食的环境 I pay more attention to the food environment of the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我对农业文化遗产地传统饮食制作过程更加感兴趣 I am more interested in the process of making traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加愿意参与到饮食制作过程中 I am more willing to participate in the food production process. | ||
| 我更加愿意参与到农业文化遗产地饮食相关民俗节庆活动中 I am more willing to participate in the catering related folk festivals in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加喜欢农业文化遗产传统饮食相关的文化讲解 I prefer the cultural explanations related to the traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加喜欢与农业文化遗产地的居民交流 I prefer to communicate with the residents of the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 我更加喜欢与家人一起品尝农业文化遗产地传统饮食 I prefer to taste the traditional food in the agricultural heritage sites with my family. | ||
| 游客环境责任行为 Tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior | 认为保护农业文化遗产地自然生态环境 I think the natural ecological environment of the agricultural heritage sites should be protected. | [32] |
| 认为尊重农业文化遗产地传统饮食文化 I respect for traditional food culture of the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 认为加强农业文化遗产地饮食管理与教育 I think food management and education should be strengthened in the agricultural heritage sites. | ||
| 会尝试说服亲友采取传统饮食保护行为 I will try to persuade relatives and friends to adopt the traditional food protection behavior. | ||
| 会因农业文化遗产地环境遭到破坏而减少访问 If there are damages to the environment of the agricultural heritage sites caused by the visitors, I should reduce visits. | ||
| 当看到有破坏行为时, 会进行举报 When I see any damage, I will report it. |
下载: 导出CSV表2全球重要农业文化遗产“浙江青田稻鱼共生系统”调研游客基本信息
Table2.Basic information of the tested tourists of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site of Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System
| 项目 Item | 属性 Property | 样本量 Sample size | 比例 Proportion (%) |
| 性别 Gender | 男Male | 102 | 41.3 |
| 女Female | 145 | 58.7 | |
| 年龄 Age | 21~30 | 119 | 48.2 |
| 31~40 | 81 | 32.8 | |
| 41~50 | 37 | 15.0 | |
| 51~60 | 10 | 4.0 | |
| ≥61 | 0 | 0 | |
| 文化程 Educational level | 初中或以下Junior high school or below | 3 | 1.2 |
| 高中/中专/职高High school/technical secondary school/vocational high school | 13 | 5.3 | |
| 大专/本科Junior college/undergraduate college | 160 | 64.8 | |
| 硕士及以上Master degree or above | 71 | 28.7 | |
| 职业 Occupation | 政府机关Government office | 24 | 9.7 |
| 事业单位Government-affiliated institutions | 69 | 27.9 | |
| 个体工商Individual business | 10 | 4.0 | |
| 企业职工Enterprise staff | 65 | 26.3 | |
| 学生Student | 69 | 27.9 | |
| 农民Farmer | 2 | 0.8 | |
| 其他Others | 8 | 3.2 | |
| 月收入 Monthly income (￥) | ≤3 000 | 69 | 27.9 |
| 3 001~6 000 | 68 | 27.5 | |
| 6 001~9 000 | 58 | 23.5 | |
| 9 001~12 000 | 31 | 12.6 | |
| > 12 000 | 21 | 8.5 |
下载: 导出CSV表3全球重要农业文化遗产“浙江青田稻鱼共生系统”游客环境责任行为因子
Table3.Environmental responsibility behavior factors of tourists of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site of Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System
| 新提取因子 New extracted factor | 变量 Variable | 变量载荷 Variable load | 信赖性 Reliability | 特征根 Characteristic root | 累计方差贡献率 Accumulated variance contribution rate (%) |
| 因子1:传统饮食环境责任认知因子 Factor 1: Traditional food environmental responsibility | 传统饮食品种丰富 Rich traditional food | 0.88 | 0.97 | 11.34 | 67.46 |
| 传统饮食口味好 Delicious traditional food | 0.87 | ||||
| 传统饮食环境优美 Beautiful environment of traditional food | 0.82 | ||||
| 传统饮食有益健康 Healthy traditional food | 0.77 | ||||
| 传统饮食文化内涵丰富 Rich connotation of traditional food culture | 0.76 | ||||
| 传统饮食食材来源绿色健康 Green and healthy sources of traditional food materials | 0.75 | ||||
| 传统饮食服务质量高 High quality service of traditional food | 0.74 | ||||
| 传统饮食民俗文化知识丰富 Rich knowledge of traditional food folk culture | 0.68 | ||||
| 因子2:传统饮食环境责任态度因子 Factor 2: Traditional food environment responsibility attitude | 保护农业文化遗产地多样性 Protecting the diversity of the agricultural heritage sites | 0.90 | 0.95 | 1.48 | |
| 保护农业文化遗产地自然生态环境 Protecting the natural ecological environment of the agricultural heritage sites | 0.87 | ||||
| 尊重传统饮食文化 Respecting traditional food culture | 0.73 | ||||
| 加强农业文化遗产地饮食管理与教育 Strengthening the food management and education in the agricultural heritage sites | 0.68 | ||||
| 提高传统饮食价值认知 Improving the recognition of the value of traditional food | 0.67 | ||||
| 因子3:传统饮食环境责任行为因子 Factor 3: Traditional food environmental responsibility behavior | 说服亲友采取传统饮食保护行为 Persuading relatives and friends to adopt traditional food protection behavior | 0.75 | 0.90 | 1.03 | |
| 因环境破坏需要减少访问 Reducing visit to control environmental damage | 0.71 | ||||
| 对破坏行为进行举报 Reporting the destroy behavior on environment | 0.70 |
下载: 导出CSV表4全球重要农业文化遗产“浙江青田稻鱼共生系统”游客饮食偏好因子分析
Table4.Food preference factors of tourists of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site of Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System
| 新提取因子 New extracted factor | 变量 Variable | 变量载荷 Variable load | 信赖性 Reliability | 特征根 Characteristic root | 累计方差贡献率 Accumulated variance contribution rate (%) |
| 因子1传统饮食口味追逐型 Factor 1: Traditional food flavor pursuing type | 注重传统饮食美观性 Paying attention to the beauty of traditional food | 0.82 | 0.89 | 1.03 | 78.97 |
| 注重传统饮食多样性 Focusing on diversity of traditional food | 0.74 | ||||
| 注重传统饮食环境 Paying attention to the traditional food environment | 0.71 | ||||
| 注重传统饮食口味 Paying attention to the taste of traditional food | 0.68 | ||||
| 因子2传统饮食参与体验型 Factor 2: Traditional food participation experience pursuing type | 喜欢参与饮食民俗节庆活动 Preferring to participate in folk food festivals | 0.85 | 0.91 | 7.68 | |
| 喜欢与居民交流传统饮食 Preferring to exchange the traditional food with residents | 0.80 | ||||
| 愿意参与传统饮食制作过程 Willing to participate in the traditional food production process | 0.72 | ||||
| 愿意获得传统饮食文化讲解 Willing to get the explanation of the traditional food culture | 0.72 | ||||
| 喜欢与家人一起食用传统饮食 Like to eat the traditional food with family | 0.67 | ||||
| 因子3传统饮食文化体验型 Factor 3: Traditional food culture experience pursuing type | 更加喜欢品尝传统饮食 Preferring to taste the traditional food | 0.84 | 0.89 | 0.77 | |
| 注重增添生活意义 Focusing on adding meaning to life | 0.80 | ||||
| 注重塑造地方形象 Paying attention to shape local image | 0.64 |
下载: 导出CSV表5全球重要农业文化遗产“浙江青田稻鱼共生系统”游客传统饮食保护认知因子与饮食偏好回归分析
Table5.Regression analysis of cognitive factors and food preferences of traditional food conservation of tourists' of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site of Qingtian Rice-fish Culture System
| 传统饮食保护认知因子 Cognitive factor of traditional food protections | 游客偏好因子Food preference factor of tourists | |||||||||||||
| 传统饮食口味追逐型 Traditional food flavor pursuing type | 传统饮食参与体验型 Traditional food participation experience pursuing type | 传统饮食文化体验型 Traditional food culture experience pursuing type | ||||||||||||
| B | T | P | B | T | P | B | T | P | ||||||
| 传统饮食环境责任认知因子 Cognitive factor of traditional food environmental responsibility | 0.47 | 4.98 | 0.00** | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 5.94 | 0.00** | |||||
| 传统饮食环境责任态度因子 Traditional food environment responsibility attitude factor | 0.22 | 2.36 | 0.02** | 0.43 | 4.90 | 0.00** | 0.26 | 3.07 | 0.00** | |||||
| 传统饮食环境责任行为因子 Traditional food environmental responsibility behavior factor | 0.10 | 1.07 | 0.29** | 0.42 | 4.89 | 0.00* | 0.31 | 3.78 | 0.00** | |||||
| F=10.51 R2=0.38 Adjusted R2=0.35 P=0.00** | F=16.16 R2=0.37 Adjusted R2=0.35 P=0.00** | F=19.66 R2=0.42 Adjusted R2=0.39 P=0.00** | ||||||||||||
| *: P < 0.05;**: P < 0.01. | ||||||||||||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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