马文奇^1,,,
马林²,
张建杰^{1, 3},
张福锁⁴
1.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院 保定 071001
2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022
3.山西省农业大学资源环境学院 太原 030031
4.中国农业大学资源与环境学院 北京 100193
基金项目: 中国工程院咨询研究项目2019-XZ-25

详细信息

作者简介:马文奇, 主要研究方向为养分资源管理。E-mail:mawq@hebau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S19;S158.5

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收稿日期:2020-03-31
录用日期:2020-05-13
刊出日期:2020-08-01

Theoretical framework and realization pathway of agricultural green development

MA Wenqi^1,,,
MA Lin²,
ZHANG Jianjie^{1, 3},
ZHANG Fusuo⁴
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
2. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Funds: the Consulting Research Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering2019-XZ-25

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Corresponding author:MA Wenqi, E-mail: mawq@hebau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:农业绿色发展作为一种全新的发展理念、技术模式和系统工程，将成为我国未来农业的发展方向，但仍有许多理论和科学问题亟待解决与回答。本文阐述了农业绿色发展理论框架与实现路径，认为与国际农业可持续发展相比，我国农业绿色发展更注重绿色和发展的协同，强调以发展带动绿色、用绿色促进发展，因此农业绿色发展面临更为艰巨的挑战。本文提出农业绿色发展科学的10大要素，即着眼1个食物系统，坚持绿色和发展2个主题，牢固社会、经济和生态环境3大支柱，聚焦资源、生产、消费、环境等之间4个界面，协调好政府、农民、企业、经销商和消费者5个利益主体的关系，遵循投入控制、循环增效、综合挖潜、减排环保、融合增值、优膳减压、机制保障和区域落地8项原则，依据食物系统物质、能量、信息和价值等流动规律，通过绿色政策、资本、服务、技术、产品、知识、工程7种调控措施的创新，实施基于绿色阈值的生态环境管控机制、全产业链政策激励机制和技术落地、食物供应与需求结构优化与调控的“转绿、促发、协同”3条路径及9种途径，实现与农业相关的社会、经济、生产力、生态、环境、资源等6类目标协同提升，促进可持续发展目标（SDGs）的实现。建议国家强化农业绿色发展理论、技术和战略研究，尽快实施“创建一套基础数据库、创制一批技术装备、搭建一组科技平台、打造一批示范工程和凝练一系列智库成果”等五个“一”的农业绿色发展科技工程，助推国家农业绿色发展转型。
关键词:农业绿色发展/
减排/
生态环境/
资源/
实现路径/
政策建议
Abstract:Agricultural green development, as a novel concept, technical pattern and systematic procedure, is the new direction of China's agricultural development, but many theoretical and scientific questions about agricultural green development remain unsolved. In this study, we described the theoretical framework and the realization route of agricultural green development in China. Compared with sustainable agricultural development overseas, China's agricultural green development is considered to focus more on the synergy of "green" and "development", and emphasis the characterized as "green" led by "development" and "development" promoted by "green", which in turn poses difficult challenges for China's agricultural green development. Ten key points of agricultural green development are proposed in this paper, namely: focusing on food systems; persisting in the two themes, i.e., green and development; reinforcing the three pillars, i.e., society, economy and ecological environment; focusing on the four interfaces, i.e., resources, production, consumption and environment; coordinating the relationships among five stakeholders, i.e., government, farmers, companies, retailers and consumers; following the eight principles, which are input control, resource cycling for improving efficiency, potential realization through integrated management, emission reduction, integration for value appreciation, diet optimization for environmental pressure alleviation, policy mechanism guarantee, and local implementation; respecting the rules of four processes, including materials, energy, information and value flows; innovating the regulatory measures in seven sections of green development, i.e., policy, capital, services, technology, products, knowledge and engineering; taking the three paths of transforming towards, which are the ecological environmental control mechanisms based on green development checkpoints, the implementation of the whole industrial chain green policy and technology, the optimization and regulation of food supply and demand; and realizing these paths through the nine approaches. Eventually, the coordination of the six agriculture-related goals in the social, economic, productivity, ecological, environmental, and resource sectors will be achieved. We propose to enhance key researches on agricultural green development theory, technology, and strategy. We also propose to implement the "five-one" agricultural green development technical engineering projects that promote China's agricultural green development as early as possible, namely, "one basic database, one batch of technical equipment, one set of science and technology platforms, one batch of demonstration projects and one series of think tank achievements".
Key words:Agricultural green development/
Emission reduction/
Ecological environment/
Resources/
Realization pathways/
Policy advice

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图1农业绿色发展的内涵示意图
4个界面为资源与生产之间、生产与消费之间、生产环节之间、生产消费与环境之间的界面; ①~⑩指10个调控过程, 分别为①作物生产与资源的交换、②畜牧生产的资源输入和粪尿的资源化利用、③作物产品直接用作饲料、④作物产品与食物和饲料加工的交换、⑤动物产品与加工的交换、⑥作物生产与家庭消费的交换、⑦食品加工与家庭消费的交换、⑧动物生产与家庭消费的交换、⑨农产品加工和食物损失浪费和⑩食物系统环境排放。
Figure1.Schematic diagram of agriculture green development
Four interfaces are the interface between resource input and production, the interface between production and consumption, the interface between different production links, the interface between consumption and environment. ①-⑩ represent ten regulation processes, respectively, which are ① resource input and crop production, ② feed input, livestock production and manure utilization, ③ crop product as feed, ④ crop product to food or feed, ⑤ livestock product process, ⑥ crop production and human consumption, ⑦ food process and human consumption, ⑧ livestock production and human consumption, ⑨ product process, food loss and food waste, ⑩ environmental emission from food system.


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图2农业绿色发展遵循的8项基本原则
Figure2.Eight basic principles for agriculture green development


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图3农业绿色发展的实现路径
Figure3.Pathways of agriculture green development


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表1基于DPSIR(驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应)的农业绿色发展与农业可持续发展的比较
Table1.Comparison of agricultural green development and agricultural sustainable development based on DPSIR (driving force-pressure-state-impact-response)

项目 Item	农业绿色发展 Agriculture green development	农业可持续发展 Agriculture sustainable development
驱动力 Driving force	以改善民生为基本方向的科学发展, 同时强调农业经济和社会的发展不能以牺牲资源和生态环境为代价 Scientific development oriented by the improvement of peoples’ wellbeing with the emphasis on the development of agro-economy and society being not at the cost of resources and ecological environment
压力 Pressure	通过科技创新主动解决资源、生态环境等瓶颈问题 Proactively solve resources and ecological environment related bottle-neck problems through scientific and technological innovation	被动适应资源、生态环境等自然约束 Passively adapt to natural constraints of resources and ecological environment
状态 State	建立绿色的技术和模式, 产生更多的生态资产, 为后代奠定基础 Establish green technology and patterns, generate more biological assets and build foundation for later generations	放慢当代发展步伐以免牺牲后代的资源环境 Slow down contemporary development in avoidance of sacrificing later generations’ resources and ecological environment
影响 Impact	区域生态环境系统逐步改善, 全球共同实现绿色发展 Gradual improvement of regional ecological environment systems and global realization of green development	区域生态环境系统迅速好转, 可能造成污染转移 Rapid improvement of regional ecological environment systems and possible pollution transfer
响应 Response	区域农业稳步发展, 食物需求以区域自给为主 Steady development of regional agriculture and regional self-supply to meet food requirements	区域农业发展变缓, 食物需求更依赖于贸易 Decelerated development of regional agriculture and larger dependence on global import to meet food requirements

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