李志东^{1, 2,},
饶滴滴^{1, 2},
刘某承^2,,,
王国萍^{1, 2},
丁陆彬^{1, 2}
1.中国科学院大学 北京 100049
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
基金项目: 农业农村部国际交流合作项目12200020
农村社会事业发展项目09205006

详细信息

作者简介:李志东, 研究方向为农业文化遗产和生态经济学。E-mail:lizhidong18@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:刘某承, 研究方向为农业文化遗产和生态补偿。E-mail:liumc@igsnrr.ac.cn

中图分类号:F3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2020-01-10
录用日期:2020-06-24
刊出日期:2020-09-01

Identifying factors driving income difference in China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site based on Geographical Detectors: Ar Horqin Banner as a case study

LI Zhidong^{1, 2,},
RAO Didi^{1, 2},
LIU Moucheng^2,,,
WANG Guoping^{1, 2},
DING Lubin^{1, 2}
1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Funds: the International Cooperation Project12200020
the Rural Social Development Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China09205006

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Corresponding author:LIU Moucheng, E-mail:liumc@igsnrr.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:农业文化遗产的保护与发展是当前多个学科领域的****广泛关注的热点话题。欲实现农业文化遗产地的可持续发展，结合产业、地域环境等因素协调其所在地的经济收入是重要环节之一。本文以中国重要农业文化遗产地——赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗为例，基于空间分析方法——地理探测器，结合产业发展、资源配置和地形特征等可能产生人均纯收入差异的空间因子，对我国农业文化遗产地人均纯收入差异驱动力进行分析和阐释，旨在为农业文化遗产地资源调控及经济建设政策制定提供科学依据。研究结果表明，研究区第一产业类型和二三产业发展程度是造成当地人均纯收入差异的关键驱动力；交通便利程度、水资源供给能力、高程和国家级自然保护区的设立也在一定程度上拉开了当地人均纯收入差距；并且这4个因子与前2个产业因子对人均纯收入空间分布的影响存在显著差异。进而得出以畜牧业为主的农业生产方式(q=0.30)以及二三产业从业人数比例较小(q=0.37)是限制阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统所在地巴彦温都尔苏木收入水平的主要因素，交通不便(q=0.11)及海拔较高(q=0.15)等地域环境特征也在一定程度上拉开了巴彦温都尔苏木与周边区域的人均纯收入差距。基于此，本研究认为当地的下一步发展应重视以下3个方面：1)在保护农业文化遗产的同时适当发展传统畜牧业转型；2)将农业文化遗产打造为特色品牌进而推动特色农产品和特色旅游的发展；3)加强基础设施建设，为产业发展做足准备。
关键词:中国重要农业文化遗产/
地理探测器/
收入差异/
驱动力分析/
赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗
Abstract:The preservation and development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) is popular among scholars across multiple disciplines and currently enjoys strong national support. A major step toward achieving sustainable development of IAHS sites is integration of relevant loco-regional factors—including industrial, geographic, and environmental—into strategies maximizing local economic potential. While industrial conditions and geographic limitation of environmental resources are known to influence the preservation and development of IAHS, most prior studies incorporated such information only qualitatively. This study used the Geographical Detectors, a quantitative spatial analysis methodology, to identify and rank key factors limiting local economy growth, which was measured with the net income per capita. Chifeng City's Ar Horqin Banner was used as a case study, in where Bayanwenduer Sumu (Town) is the location of a China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)—Ar Horqin Grassland Nomadic System. The Geographical Detectors encompassing six major spatial factors (two industrial factors—primary industry type, degree of secondary and tertiary industries development; and four geography environmental factors—transportation convenience, water supply capacity, topographic elevation, and the presence of national nature reserves) was used to identify driving forces potentially influencing income underlying regional inequality of net income per capita. The primary industry type and degree of secondary and tertiary industries development were determined as two main driving forces of differences in net income per capita. The transportation convenience, water supply capacity, topographic elevation, and the presence of national nature reserves also increased the differences in net income per capita to a certain extent, but their effects on spatial distribution of income was significantly different from the previous two industrial factors. For the China-NIAHS site Bayanwenduer Sumu, major identified income-limiting factors included an agricultural production method based on animal husbandry (q=0.30) and a relatively small proportion of workers employed within secondary and tertiary industries (q=0.37). Factors identified as independently limiting income to a lesser degree include transportation convenience (q=0.11) and topographic elevation (q=0.15). Evidence-based hypothetical solutions deriving from these observations consisted of regional development focused on three aspects: (1) transformation of traditional animal husbandry practices while preserving IAHS, (2) positioning IAHS as a distinctive brand in order to promote unique agricultural products and tourism, and (3) improvement of infrastructure in preparation for industrial development. Such findings provide a scientific basis for promulgation of local governmental policy regarding IAHS resource regulation and economic development.
Key words:China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)/
Geographical Detectors/
Income gap/
Driving force analysis/
Ar Horqin Banner of Chifeng City

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图1研究区阿鲁科尔沁旗概况(a)及人均纯收入(b)分布图
人均收入数据来自2017年阿鲁科尔沁旗统计年报。
Figure1.Overview (a) and spatial distribution of net income per capita (b) of the study area Ar Horqin Banner
The per capita net income data comes from the 2017 Ar Horqin Banner Statistical Yearbook.


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图2研究区产业和地域环境因子空间分布图
Figure2.Spatial distribution of industrial and geography environmental factors in the study area


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图3研究区产业和地域环境因子不同水平的人均纯收入
Figure3.Net income per capita at each level of industry and geography environmental factors in the study area


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表1产业和地域环境因子对研究区人均纯收入差异的驱动分析结果
Table1.Driving analysis of industrial and geographical environmental factors on the gap of net income per capita in the study area

	第一产业类型 Primary industry type	二三产业发展程度 Degree of secondary and tertiary industries development	水资源供给 Water supply	保护区建设 Nature reserve	交通便利程度 Transportation convenience	高程 Elevation
q值q statistic	0.30	0.37	0.04	0.08	0.11	0.15
P值P value	0.000	0.000	0.998	0.407	0.895	0.906

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表2研究区各产业和地域环境因子对人均纯收入空间分布的影响差异性(Y/N)及交互作用(q_j)
Table2.Influence differences (Y/N) and interactive effects (q_j) of industry and geography environmental factors on spatial distribution of net income per capita in the study area

	第一产业类型 Primary industry type	二三产业发展程度 Degree of secondary and tertiary industries development	水资源供给 Water supply	保护区建设 Nature reserve	交通便利程度 Transportation convenience	高程 Elevation
第一产业类型 Primary industry type	0.30
二三产业发展程度 Degree of secondary and tertiary industries development	0.44(N)	0.37
水资源供给 Water supply	0.32(Y)	0.44(Y)	0.04
保护区建设 Nature reserve	0.31(Y)	0.40(Y)	0.11(N)	0.08
交通便利程度 Transportation convenience	0.38(Y)	0.43(Y)	0.22(N)	0.18(N)	0.11
高程 Elevation	0.37(Y)	0.47(Y)	0.23(N)	0.26(N)	0.27(N)	0.15
Y和N分别表示在P < 0.05水平上两因子对人均纯收入空间分布的影响存在或不存在显著性差异, 基于统计量F检验[23]; 表中数据为qj。“Y” and “N” mean significant or non-significant influence on the spatial distribution of net income per capita between two factors at P < 0.05 (F test). The data is qj.

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