王玉,
赵财,
樊志龙,
苟志文,
胡发龙,
殷文,
柴强^,
甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院 兰州 730070
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目31771738
国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项201503125-3

详细信息

作者简介:王玉, 主要研究方向为旱地与绿洲农作制。E-mail:wangyu12080509@163.com

通讯作者:柴强, 主要从事多熟种植、循环农业、保护性耕作技术与理论研究。E-mail:chaiq@gsau.edu.cn

中图分类号:S341

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-12-05
录用日期:2020-02-24
刊出日期:2020-05-01

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and yield formation of dense planting maize in different row spacings

WANG Yu,
ZHAO Cai,
FAN Zhilong,
GOU Zhiwen,
HU Falong,
YIN Wen,
CHAI Qiang^,
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/Faculty of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China31771738
the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China201503125-3

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Corresponding author:CHAI Qiang, E-mail:chaiq@gsau.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:空间布局是决定玉米密植潜力的重要因子，但有关行距配置对不同密度玉米产量及其构成因素的调控研究比较薄弱，使得生产实践中缺乏通过行距配置优化挖掘玉米密植潜力的理论依据。2017—2018年，在带宽相同条件下，研究了7：3（L1：宽行56 cm：窄行24 cm）、6：4（L2：宽行48 cm：窄行32 cm）、5：5（L3：行距配置均为40 cm）3种行距配置对5种密度（D1：82 500株·hm^-2、D2：90 000株·hm^-2、D3：97 500株·hm^-2、D4：105 000株·hm^-2、D5：112 500株·hm^-2）玉米产量及其构成因素的影响。行距配置、密度及二者的互作效应显著影响玉米籽粒产量，L1行距配置较L3增产5.2%~10.5%，增幅显著；D2、D3密度处理分别较D1密度处理增产6.1%~12.0%、6.5%~15.0%（P < 0.05），L1D3、L2D3产量较L3D1提高了8.3%~34.2%、4.8%~27.5%（P < 0.05），L1D3的增产效果最好，说明宽窄行种植增强了玉米植株的耐密性，提高了玉米群体的密植潜力。宽窄行结合密植有利于提高玉米的生物产量，其中L1行距配置较L3提高3.0%~6.6%（P < 0.05），D3密度较D1密度高3.4%~8.0%（P < 0.05），L1D3较L3D1处理提高5.2%~15.0%（P < 0.05）。宽窄行种植提高玉米密植潜力的原因是：1）提高了玉米生长后期（大喇叭口期至灌浆期）的干物质累积速率，该时期玉米的干物质累积速率L1行距配置较L3提高32.9%~42.0%，D3密度较D1密度高9.2%~23.9%，L1D3处理较L3D1处理高29.1%~34.3%，增幅均显著；2）提高了光合产物向穗部的转移，2017年度玉米收获指数D3密度较D1密度高6.4%，L1D3处理较L3D1处理高16.2%，2018年无显著差异；3）提高了玉米的成穗数和穗粒数，D3密度的成穗数较D1密度高16.0%~20.2%，L1D3较L3D1成穗数高16.9%~25.9%，L1行距配置较L2、L3穗粒数分别高3.0%~4.4%、3.9%~7.0%，提高幅度均显著。56 cm：24 cm宽窄行结合密度97 500株·hm^-2是绿洲灌区获得高产，密植潜力充分发挥的理想种植模式。
关键词:行距配置/
密植潜力/
干物质积累/
收获指数/
产量构成/
玉米
Abstract:Spatial layout is crucial to determine the dense planting potential of maize. However, the influence of row spacing allocation on maize yield and its components with different planting densities is unclear. This uncertainty leads to a lack of a theoretical basis of the utilization of the dense planting potential of maize by optimizing the allocation of row spacing. From 2017 to 2018, with the same bandwidth, this study investigated how three row spacing allocation treatments-ratios of wide to narrow rows spacing of 7:3 (L1:56 cm:24 cm), 6:4 (L2:48 cm:32 cm), and 5:5 (L3:40 cm:40 cm)-affected maize yield and its components under five planting densities (D1:82 500 plants·hm^-2; D2:90 000 plants·hm^-2; D3:97 500 plants·hm^-2; D4:105 000 plants·hm^-2; and D5:112 500 plants·hm^-2). Row spacing allocation, density, and their interactions significantly affected grain yield. Compared to L3 row spacing allocation, L1 increased significantly grain yield by 5.2%-10.5%. Compared to D1 density, D2 and D3 increased grain yield by 6.1%-12.0% and 6.5%-15.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared with L3D1 treatment, L1D3 and L2D3 increased grain yield by 8.3%-34.2% and 4.8%-27.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared with L2D3, the regulatory effect of L1D3 was more prominent. The findings indicated that wide-narrow rows spacing allocation could enhance the tolerance of maize plants in higher planting density and increase the dense planting potential of maize. Wide-narrow rows spacing allocation combined with dense planting were beneficial to increase biomass. L1 row spacing allocation significantly increased biomass by 3.0%-6.6% (P < 0.05) compared to L3 treatment. Compared to D1 density, D3 significantly increased biomass by 3.4%-8.0% (P < 0.05). Compared with L3D1 treatment, L1D3 significantly increased biomass by 5.2%-15.0% (P < 0.05). There were three possible reasons for wide-narrow rows spacing allocation increased dense planting potential of maize. Firstly, dry matter accumulation rate of maize was significantly increased from the large bell mouth stage to the filling stage, as evidenced by the 32.9%-42.0% increase of dry matter accumulation rate with L1 row spacing allocation compared to L3 row spacing allocation, the 9.2%-23.9% increase of dry matter accumulation rate with D3 density compared to D1 density, and by the 29.1%-34.3% increase of dry matter accumulation rate with the treatment of L1D3 compared to L3D1. Secondly, there was an increased transformation of photosynthetic product to ear. Compared with the traditional density D1, D3 density increased harvest index by 6.4% in 2017, compared with L3D1, L1D3 increased harvest index by 16.2% in 2017, and there was no significant difference in 2018. Thirdly, a significantly effective ear and kernel number was observed, with a 16.0%-20.2% increase of ear number with D3 density compared to D1 density, 16.9%-25.9% increase of ear number with L1D3 compared to L3D1, 3.0%-4.4%; and 3.9%-7.0% increase of kernel number with L1 row spacing allocation compared to L2 and L3 row spacing allocation, respectively. The wide-narrow rows spacing allocaton of 56 cm:24 cm combined with planting density of 97 500 plants·hm^-2 is an ideal planting mode for high yield and high dense planting potential in the Oasis Irrigation District.
Key words:Row spacing allocation/
Dense planting potential/
Dry matter accumulation/
Harvest index/
Yield components/
Maize

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图12017年和2018年不同行距配置及密度下玉米干物质累积速率动态
Figure1.Dynamics of the dry matter accumulation rate of maize under different treatments of row spacing allocation and density in 2017 and 2018


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图22017年和2018年不同行距配置下玉米干物质累积速率
Figure2.Dynamics of the dry matter accumulation rate of maize with different row spacing allocations in 2017 and 2018


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图32017年和2018年不同密度下玉米干物质累积速率
Figure3.Dynamics of the dry matter accumulation rate of maize with different densities in 2017 and 2018


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图42017年和2018年不同行距配置及密度下玉米的收获指数
图中不同小写字母表示处理间在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure4.Harvest indexes of maize under different treatments of row spacing allocation and density in 2017 and 2018
Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表1玉米行距配置和密度互作试验处理及其代码
Table1.Treatment codes of row spacing allocation and density interaction test of maize

行距配置 Row spacing allocation (cm)	密度?Density (×104 plants·hm-2)
	8.25 (D1)	9.0 (D2)	9.75 (D3)	10.5 (D4)	11.25 (D5)
56:24 (L1)	L1D1	L1D2	L1D3	L1D4	L1D5
48:32 (L2)	L2D1	L2D2	L2D3	L2D4	L2D5
40:40 (L3)	L3D1	L3D2	L3D3	L3D4	L3D5

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表22017年和2018年不同行距配置及密度下玉米产量比较
Table2.Maize yields under different treatments of row spacing allocation and density in 2017 and 2018?kg·hm^-2

处理 Treatment	2017			2018
	籽粒产量 Grain yield	生物产量 Biomass		籽粒产量 Grain yield	生物产量 Biomass
L1D1	14 300±129ef	29 858±100de		13 179±109h	31 594±795cdef
L1D2	15 031±89bc	30 751±402cd		14 886±93b	32 539±435ab
L1D3	16 198±70a	32 064±27abc		15 150±166a	31 918±51bcde
L1D4	13 744±186g	32 212±81abc		14 226±104d	32 764±650ab
L1D5	12 898±274h	33 425±1039a		10 484±75i	33 154±515a
L2D1	13 143±423h	30 051±889de		13 641±92f	31 074±197efg
L2D2	14 473±228de	31 398±1 453bcd		14 589±73c	30 793±689fg
L2D3	15 392±474b	32 164±1 026abc		14 665±89c	31 394±331def
L2D4	14 036±100fg	33 751±55a		13 450±100g	32 808±180ab
L2D5	12 158±223i	33 929±2 107ab		10 068±39j	32 053±668bcd
L3D1	12 072±122i	27 875±848f		13 989±88e	30 335±604g
L3D2	14 759±265cd	30 108±822de		13 833±101ef	31 031±706efg
L3D3	13 852±226g	30 616±822cd		13 661±148f	32 846±88ab
L3D4	12 423±148i	28 399±1 453ef		13 055±25h	31 347±151def
L3D5	12 193±254i	31 472±1 000bcd		10 035±208j	32 386±357abc
L1	14 434±78A	31 662±261A		13 585±16A	32 394±133A
L2	13 840±48B	32 119±506A		13 282±43B	31 624±299B
L3	13 059±14C	29 709±408B		12 915±67C	31 589±188B
D1	13 557±67C	29 261±525C		13 603±87B	31 001±402B
D2	14 754±148B	30 767±610B		14 436±58A	31 455±422B
D3	15 147±84A	31 626±329AB		14 492±75A	32 053±114A
D4	13 401±104C	31 445±474AB		13 577±46B	32 306±119A
D5	12 416±94D	32 718±1198A		10 196±79C	32 531±133A
显著性(P值)? Significance (P value)
行距?Row spacing (L)	**	**		**	**
密度?Density (D)	**	**		**	**
行距×密度?L × D	**	*		**	**
同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。同列不同大写字母表示不同行距配置或不同密度平均值间差异显著(P < 0.05)。**表示在P < 0.01水平影响显著, *表示在P < 0.05水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05. Different capital letters in the same column indicate significant differences among averages of different row spacing allocations or densities at P < 0.05. ** indicates significant effect at P < 0.01 level, * indicates significant effect at P < 0.05 level.

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表32017年和2018年不同行距配置及密度下玉米产量构成
Table3.Yield components of maize under different treatments of row spacing allocation and density in 2017 and 2018

处理 Treatment	2017				2018
	穗数 Ear number (×104 ears·hm-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	百粒重100-grain weight (g)		穗数 Ear number (×104 ears·hm-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	百粒重100-grain weight (g)
L1D1	8.08±0.05j	533.7±2.0bc	32.5		7.96±0.07g	515.5±5.4b	32.3±0.7e
L1D2	8.79±0.03g	549.2±4.5a	32.4		8.43±0.08ef	542.7±5.6a	32.4±0.7e
L1D3	9.44±0.02e	498.0±3.5d	34.4		9.43±0.02d	469.1±5.0e	34.6±0.4ab
L1D4	9.61±0.04d	451.6±6.3f	32.3		9.69±0.03c	431.7±2.3g	34.1±0.9abc
L1D5	10.21±0.08a	410.0±4.7hi	31.5		10.32±0.08a	331.2±2.8i	30.5±0.5f
L2D1	8.03±0.05j	529.3±8.0c	31.0		8.00±0.03g	505.6±1.7c	32.9±0.2de
L2D2	8.28±0.05i	540.9±7.9ab	32.4		8.50±0.04e	518.5±5.3b	33.9±0.3abcd
L2D3	9.28±0.05f	481.2±3.5e	34.5		9.31±0.06d	451.3±7.9f	34.9±0.2a
L2D4	9.86±0.05c	414.4±2.6hi	34.7		9.60±0.07c	424.0±5.3gh	33.4±0.7cd
L2D5	10.14±0.05ab	372.1±8.2j	33.3		10.19±0.02ab	324.7±2.4i	30.4±0.4f
L3D1	8.07±0.03j	520.9±4.3c	32.3		7.49±0.29h	544.4±4.8a	34.5±0.4abc
L3D2	8.47±0.07h	496.1±11.5d	35.0		8.34±0.04f	495.1±3.6d	33.8±0.9abcd
L3D3	9.31±0.13f	440.7±8.1g	32.5		9.42±0.03d	426.9±5.3gh	33.8±0.6bcd
L3D4	9.47±0.07e	417.7±8.1h	31.3		9.69±0.04c	422.0±5.2h	32.0±0.8e
L3D5	10.06±0.03b	406.8±2.9i	30.1		10.08±0.03b	315.1±4.4j	31.9±0.5e
L1	9.23	488.5±1.7A	32.6		9.16	458.0±2.3A	32.8
L2	9.12	467.6±5.1B	33.2		9.12	444.8±1.9B	33.1
L3	9.08	456.4±4.8C	32.2		8.99	440.7±0.8C	33.2
D1	8.06±0.03E	528.0±3.4A	31.9		7.81±0.08E	521.8±3.1A	33.2±0.12B
D2	8.52±0.04D	528.7±6.2A	33.3		8.42±0.05D	518.8±3.0A	33.4±0.15B
D3	9.34±0.05C	473.3±3.2B	33.8		9.38±0.02C	449.1±2.4B	34.4±0.22A
D4	9.65±0.02B	427.9±2.1C	32.8		9.66±0.03B	425.9±3.7C	33.2±0.29B
D5	10.14±0.04A	396.3±5.2D	31.6		10.19±0.03A	323.6±2.4D	30.9±0.25C
显著性(P值) ?Significance (P value)
行距配置?Row spacing allocation (L)	NS	**	NS		NS	**	NS
密度?Density (D)	**	**	NS		**	**	**
行距配置×密度?L × D	**	**	NS		**	**	**
同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。同列不同大写字母表示不同行距配置或不同密度平均值间差异显著(P < 0.05)。**表示在P < 0.01水平影响显著, *表示在P < 0.05水平影响显著, NS表示不显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05. Different capital letters in the same column indicate significant differences among averages of different row spacing allocations or densities at P < 0.05. ** indicates significant effect at P < 0.01 level; * indicates significant effect at P < 0.05 level; NS indicates non-significant difference.

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表4不同行距配置及密度下玉米籽粒产量与产量构成因素的相关系数和通径系数
Table4.Correlation coefficients and path coefficients between grain yield and yield components of maize

产量构成因素 Yield components	与产量的简单相关系数 Correlation coefficient with yield	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
			穗粒数?Kernels per ear	百粒重100-grain weight	穗数?Ear number
穗数?Ear number	-0.412**	0.881	-1.177	-0.116	—
穗粒数?Kernels per ear	0.766**	1.376	—	0.143	-0.753
百粒重100-grain weight	0.640**	0.402	0.492	—	-0.254
**表示在P < 0.01水平下显著相关。** indicates significant correlation at P < 0.01.

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