朱红^{1, 2,},
孔令刚³,
张志浩¹,
毕思圣¹,
凌春辉¹,
韦业¹,
颜攀¹,
王华田¹,
马风云¹,
刘秀梅^4,,,
唐金⁵,
陈淑英⁵,
丛桂芝⁵
1.黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室 泰安 271018
2.山东农业大学植物保护学院 泰安 271018
3.济南市林业科技推广站 济南 250000
4.上海市环境学校 上海 200135
5.伊犁州林业科学研究院 伊宁 835000
基金项目: 山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目Financial and Agricultural Indicators, [2016]36
国家引进国际先进林业科学技术计划948 Program, 2011-4-60

详细信息

作者简介:朱红, 主要从事林木生理生态及氮素循环利用研究。E-mail:meige1988@126.com

通讯作者:刘秀梅, 主要从事林木生理生态以及土壤生态修复研究。E-mail:xiaomi8869@163.com

中图分类号:S512;S562

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-09-04
录用日期:2019-11-28
刊出日期:2020-04-01

Effect of applying nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen metabolism and distribution in grapevine under magnetic treatment of water

ZHU Hong^{1, 2,},
KONG Linggang³,
ZHANG Zhihao¹,
BI Sisheng¹,
LING Chunhui¹,
WEI Ye¹,
YAN Pan¹,
WANG Huatian¹,
MA Fengyun¹,
LIU Xiumei^4,,,
TANG Jin⁵,
CHEN Shuying⁵,
CONG Guizhi⁵
1. State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Tai'an 271018, China
2. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
3. Jinan Extension Station of Forestry Science and Technology, Jinan 250000, China
4. Shanghai Environment College, Shanghai 200135, China
5. Yili Academy of Forestry Science, Yining 835000, China
Funds: the Agricultural Major Application Technology Innovation Program of Shandong ProvinceFinancial and Agricultural Indicators, [2016]36
the National Program of the International Introduction of Advanced Science and Technology in Forestry of China948 Program, 2011-4-60

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Corresponding author:LIU Xiumei, E-mail:xiaomi8869@163.com

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摘要
摘要:以‘夏黑’葡萄扦插苗为试验材料，采用盆栽试验方法，分析了磁化水灌溉后葡萄叶片、茎和根系中不同形态氮素含量、氮素代谢关键酶活性以及不同氮源的贡献率，探讨磁化作用对‘夏黑’葡萄扦插苗生长以及氮素吸收、分配和利用的影响。以¹⁵N为外源氮肥，分3次施入土壤中。试验设置4个处理，包括：磁化水灌溉处理、非磁化水灌溉处理、磁化水灌溉+施氮处理、非磁化水灌溉+施氮处理。磁化处理组中利用磁化装置处理灌溉水。结果表明：1）施氮条件下，与非磁化处理相比，磁化处理后葡萄叶片、根系和全株的全氮量提高，但是肥料中¹⁵N对不同器官中氮素的贡献率无显著差异；叶片和根系的氮素利用率显著提高；全氮在叶片中分配率显著提高，在茎中的分配率则显著降低。2）与非磁化处理相比，磁化处理后葡萄叶片中谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合酶活性显著提高，根系中显著降低。3）与单独施氮相比，磁化水灌溉+施氮提高了土壤氮含量；氮肥中¹⁵N利用率提高，损失率降低。由以上研究结果可以看出，磁化水灌溉不仅可提高氮素代谢关键酶活性，而且可提高不同器官中氮素营养的吸收和利用，从而改变了氮素在不同器官中的分布。
关键词:磁化处理/
氮素代谢/
氮素利用效率/
营养分布/
‘夏黑’葡萄
Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen (N) absorption and distribution, as well as nitrogen-use efficiency, of grape seedlings grown in magnetic and non-magnetic water treatments. One-year-old grape (Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca L. hybrid) seedlings were planted in pots and fertilized with exogenous ¹⁵N, and then grown under different magnetic water treatments or a control (untreated irrigated water). The proportional content of different forms of N, the activities of key enzymes relative to N metabolism, and the fate of N in leaves, stems, and roots of treated grape seedlings were analyzed. Under N application, we found that compared with the non-magnetic treatment (NMT), the magnetic treatment of water (MTW) appeared to promote N uptake and N-use efficiency in treated grape seedlings, while also optimizing the N allocation pattern and improving N assimilation ability of N fertilizer. We also identified that the total content of N in the leaves and roots (and in the plant generally) of treated seedlings were significantly increased when grown in the MTW. Conversely, the degree of contribution by N fertilizer (Ndff) to total N was not significantly different. Notably, the N utilization efficiencies of leaves and roots was significantly increased under MTW compared to that of the NMT treatment. The N allocation rate in leaves showed a marked increase under MTW, while that in stems showed a significant decrease. Additionally, it was found that the activities of glutamine syntheses and glutamic synthase increased significantly in the leaves, but decreased in the roots of treated seedlings. Finally, we identified that MTW increased the N-use efficiency and fixing capacity of plants and, additionally, alleviated the loss of N fertilizer in grape seedlings. Compared with treatments applying N fertilizer, the content of inorganic N and total N were promoted by 3.03%-3.45% in soil when exposed to MTW with N application. The utilization rate, residual rate, and recovery rate of seedlings increased by 36.39%-76.50% under MTW after the addition of ¹⁵N, and the loss rate of ¹⁵N decreased significantly (35.33% reduction). Based on our findings, it appears that the magnetic treatment of water can be effective in promoting N absorption and allocation in grape seedlings while also improving the plant fertilizer use efficiency from soil.
Key words:Magnetic treatment/
Nitrogen metabolism/
Nitrogen use efficiency/
Nutrient distribution/
Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca 'Summer Black'

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图1磁化和非磁化水灌溉对施氮条件下葡萄氮代谢酶活性的影响
M0:磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; NM0:非磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; MN:磁化水灌溉+施氮处理; NMN:非磁化水灌溉+施氮处理。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure1.Changes of the enzymes activities relative to nitrogen metabolism of grapevine under magnetic and non-magnetic treatment of irrigating water combined with nitrogen fertilization
M0: management of magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; NM0: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; MN: treatment of magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization; NMN: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization. NRA: nitrate reductase; NiRA: nitrite reductase; GSA: glutamine synthetase; GOGATA: glutamate synthetase. Different lowercase letters show significant differences among four treatments at P < 0.05 level.


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表1磁化和非磁化水灌溉对施氮条件下葡萄不同器官中全氮量的影响
Table1.Changes of nitrogen accumulation in different organs of grapevine under different treatments of magnetized and non-magnetized water irrigation combined with nitrogen fertilization?g

氮素来源 Nitrogen source	器官 Organ	NM0	M0	NMN	MN
全氮量 Nitrogen accumulation	叶片Leaf	0.100±0.006d	0.414±0.003b	0.205±0.002c	0.598±0.017a
	茎Stem	0.184±0.009b	0.222±0.004a	0.239±0.002a	0.238±0.011a
	根系Root	0.358±0.003c	0.645±0.003b	0.620±0.023b	0.983±0.013a
	整株Whole plant	0.639±0.002d	1.280±0.004b	1.067±0.022c	1.819±0.011a
全氮量中来自肥料的氮量 Nitrogen accumulation from fertilizer of 15N	叶片Leaf	0	0	0.056±0.003b	0.158±0.016a
	茎Stem	0	0	0.055±0.002b	0.058±0.001a
	根系Root	0	0	0.140±0.002b	0.225±0.014a
	整株Whole plant	0	0	0.250±0.007b	0.441±0.001a
全氮量中来自土壤的氮量 Nitrogen accumulation from soil	叶片Leaf	0.100±0.006d	0.414±0.003b	0.150±0.002c	0.440±0.004a
	茎Stem	0.184±0.009b	0.222±0.004a	0.184±0.004b	0.180±0.010b
	根系Root	0.358±0.003d	0.645±0.003b	0.483±0.024c	0.758±0.002a
	整株Whole plant	0.639±0.002d	1.280±0.004b	0.817±0.029c	1.378±0.011a
M0:磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; NM0:非磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; MN:磁化水灌溉+施氮处理; NMN:非磁化水灌溉+施氮处理。表中同行不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。M0: treatment of magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; NM0: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; MN: treatment of magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization; NMN: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences among four treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表2磁化和非磁化水灌溉对施氮条件下葡萄各器官中不同氮素来源对全氮量的贡献率及氮肥利用率的影响
Table2.Changes of Ndff, Ndfs and nitrogen utilization efficiency of grapevine from different sources under different treatments of magnetized and non-magnetized water irrigation combined with nitrogen fertilization

器官Organ	Ndff (%)			Ndfs (%)			氮肥利用率 Nitrogen utilization efficiency (%)
	NMN	MN		NMN	MN		NMN	MN
叶片Leaf	26.94±1.04a	26.22±1.92a		73.06±1.04a	73.78±1.92a		4.07±0.19b	11.60±1.15b
茎Stem	23.04±1.11a	24.55±0.60a		76.96±1.10a	75.45±0.60a		4.05±0.17b	4.28±0.11c
根系Root	22.53±1.11a	22.85±1.10a		77.48±1.11a	77.15±1.10a		10.25±0.15a	16.55±1.03a
Ndff:肥料氮对葡萄全氮的贡献率; Ndfs:土壤氮对葡萄全氮的贡献率。MN:磁化水灌溉+施氮处理; NMN:非磁化水灌溉+施氮处理。同行不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。Ndff: contribution rate of fertilizer nitrogen to grapevine nitrogen; Ndfs: contribution of soil nitrogen to grapevine nitrogen. MN: treatment of magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization; NMN: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences among four treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表3磁化和非磁化水灌溉对施氮条件下葡萄各器官中氮素分配率的影响
Table3.Changes of nitrogen distribution rateS in roots, stems and leaves of grapevine under different treatments of magnetized and non-magnetized water irrigation combined with nitrogen fertilization?%

氮素来源 Nitrogen source	器官 Organ	NM0	M0	NMN	MN
全氮分配率 Nitrogen distribution rate	叶片Leaf	15.57±0.88c	32.30±0.15a	19.28±0.55b	32.89±1.04a
	茎Stem	28.70±1.36a	17.36±0.24c	22.45±0.31b	13.08±0.53d
	根系Root	55.74±0.54b	50.35±0.37c	58.28±0.84a	54.03±0.53b
来自肥料的氮素分配率 Distribution rate of nitrogen from fertilizer	叶片Leaf	0	0	22.12±0.50b	35.75±3.50a
	茎Stem	0	0	22.02±0.37a	13.21±0.35b
	根系Root	0	0	55.86±0.70a	51.04±3.22a
来自土壤的氮素分配率 Distribution rate of nitrogen from soil	叶片Leaf	15.50±0.89c	32.22±0.14a	18.41±0.57b	31.96±0.30a
	茎Stem	28.68±1.36a	17.35±0.24c	22.58±0.30b	13.03±0.60d
	根系Root	55.82±0.54b	50.43±0.36c	59.01±0.86a	55.01±0.39b
M0:磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; NM0:非磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; MN:磁化水灌溉+施氮处理; NMN:非磁化水灌溉+施氮处理。同行不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。M0: treatment of magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; NM0: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; MN: treatment of magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization; NMN: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences among four treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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表4磁化和非磁化处理对土壤中全氮量和肥料¹⁵N去向的影响
Table4.Changes of total nitrogen contents and the fate of nitrogen from fertilizer in soil under different treatments of magnetized and non-magnetized water irrigation combined with nitrogen fertilization

处理 Treatment	土壤全氮量 Nitrogen content in soil (g·kg-1)	肥料15N利用率 Fertilizer use efficiency of 15N (%)	肥料15N残留率 Decomposition residual rate of 15N (%)	肥料15N回收率 Recovery rate of 15N (%)	肥料15N损失率 Loss rate of 15N (%)
NM0	4.573±0.043b	0	0	0	0
M0	4.686±0.064b	0	0	0	0
NMN	5.088±0.239ab	18.37±0.49b	20.61±5.11a	38.98±4.62b	61.02±4.62a
MN	5.242±0.226a	32.43±0.08a	28.11±0.86a	60.54±0.78a	39.46±0.78b
M0:磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; NM0:非磁化水灌溉+未施氮处理; MN:磁化水灌溉+施氮处理; NMN:非磁化水灌溉+施氮处理。同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。M0: treatment of magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; NM0: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation without nitrogen fertilization; MN: treatment of magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization; NMN: treatment of non-magnetized water irrigation with nitrogen fertilization. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among four treatments at P < 0.05 level.

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