盐碱复合胁迫对水稻种子发芽的影响

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金梦野^1,,
李小华²,
李昉泽¹,
黄占斌^1,,
1.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院北京 100083
2.华北地质勘查局综合普查大队三河 065201
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41571303
天津市科技项目HK2019-B2

详细信息

作者简介:金梦野, 主要研究方向为盐碱土壤改良。E-mail:jinmengye951015@163.com

通讯作者:黄占斌, 主要研究方向为土壤污染与修复。E-mail:zbhuang2003@163.com

中图分类号:S-3

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-10-24
录用日期:2020-01-09
刊出日期:2020-04-01

Effects of mixed saline-alkali stress on germination of rice

JIN Mengye^1,,
LI Xiaohua²,
LI Fangze¹,
HUANG Zhanbin^1,,
1. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Exploration Unit of North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Sanhe 065201, China
Funds: The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China41571303
the Tianjin Science and Technology ProjectHK2019-B2

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Corresponding author:HUANG Zhanbin, E-mail:zbhuang2003@163.com

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摘要
摘要:为研究盐胁迫与碱胁迫复合对水稻种子发芽的影响，采用模拟试验方法，将两种中性盐(NaCl、Na₂SO₄)和两种碱性盐(NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃)按照不同比例[NaCl：Na₂SO₄：NaH:CO₃：Na₂CO₃分别为1：1：0：0(A)，1：2：1：0(B)，1：9：1：0(C)，1：1：1：1(D)，9：1：1：9(E)]混合，每个混合比例设不同总盐浓度(50 mmol·L^-1、100 mmol·L^-1、150 mmol·L^-1、200 mmol·L^-1)，模拟20种盐碱胁迫环境，以去离子水作为对照(CK)，研究不同盐碱混合胁迫对水稻种子发芽的影响。结果表明，水稻种子经两种中性盐混合胁迫溶液培养后，与CK相比，发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的降幅分别为9.2%~74.4%、10.0%~48.9%、5.6%~55.6%，平均发芽时间延长3.2%~96.4%；随胁迫溶液中碱性盐比例的增加，与CK相比，B-E组发芽率分别降低8.9%~96.5%、15.0%~98.0%、7.5%~98.7%、18.9%~95.7%，发芽势分别降低20.0%~94.4%、13.2%~97.8%、3.3%~100%、36.7%~94.4%，发芽指数分别降低16.7%~94.4%、22.2%~100%、16.7%~100%、27.8%~94.4%，平均发芽时间较CK延长0.8~4.5倍，说明中性盐和碱性盐的混合胁迫溶液对水稻种子发芽的抑制作用更强。将在盐碱胁迫溶液中未萌发的水稻种子转移至蒸馏水中培养7 d后，水稻种子的最终萌发率均达73.33%以上，表明胁迫溶液没有破坏水稻种子的活性，只是暂时性抑制了种子的萌发。试验结果表明：与单施中性盐比较，中性盐与碱性盐混合胁迫作用对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用更明显，且在中性盐与碱性盐混合溶液浓度达200 mmol·L^-1时，种子发芽率接近0。
关键词:水稻/
盐碱复合胁迫/
种子发芽/
发芽率/
发芽指数
Abstract:Soil salinization has an important effect on seed germination of plants. In recent years, the effects of soil salinization on plant growth and crop yield have become more severe, and the area covered by salinized soil has increased. In order to study the effects of combined salt and alkali stress on the germination of rice seeds, two neutral salts (NaCl and Na₂SO₄) and two alkaline salts (NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃) were mixed in five proportions: A (1:1:0:0), B (1:2:1:0), C (1:9:1:0), D (1:1:1:1), and E (9:1:1:9); and each proportion had four concentrations (50 mmol·L^-1, 100 mmol·L^-1, 150 mmol·L^-1 and 200 mmol·L^-1) to simulate 20 kinds of saline-alkali stress environments. Deionized water was used as the control (CK). The germination rate, germination potential, final germination rate, germination index, and average germination time of rice seeds were determined during the experiment, and the influences of the various salt solutions on the germination of rice seeds were explored. The results showed that, compared with the control, the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of rice seeds were reduced by 9.2%-74.4%, 10.0%-48.9%, 5.6%-55.6%, and average germination time was prolonged by 3.2%-96.4% after culture under two neutral salt mixed stress solutions. When the proportion of alkaline salts in the stress solution increased, respectively, compared to the control, the germination rate in the B-E groups decreased by 8.9%-96.5%, 15.0%-98.0%, 7.5%-98.7%, and 18.9%-95.7%; the germination potential decreased by 20.0%-94.4%, 13.2%-97.8%, 3.3%-100%, and 36.7%-94.4%; the germination index decreased by 16.7%-94.4%, 22.2%-100%, 16.7%-100%, and 27.8%-94.4%; and the average germination time was extended by 0.8-4.5 times. These results showed that a stress solution containing two neutral salts and two alkaline salts had a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of rice seeds than that only containing two neutral salts. After the non-germinated rice seeds in saline-alkaline stress solution were transferred to distilled water and cultured for 7 d, the final germination rates of rice seeds were above 73.33%, indicating that the stress solution did not destroy the activity of rice seeds, but only temporarily inhibited the germination. The experimental results showed that, compared with the single application of neutral salt, the mixed stress of neutral salt and alkaline salt inhibited the germination of rice seeds to a greater extent, and when the concentration of the mixed neutral salt and alkaline salt solution reached 200 mmol·L^-1, the seed germination rate was close to zero.
Key words:Rice/
Saline-alkali stress/
Seed germination/
Germination rate/
Germination index

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图1不同浓度混合盐碱胁迫下(A、B、C、D、E处理)水稻种子的发芽率
Figure1.Germination rate of rice seeds under different concentrations of different mixed saline-alkali stresses (A, B, C, D, E treatments)

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图2不同浓度混合盐碱胁迫对水稻种子发芽势、最终发芽率、发芽指数和平均发芽时间的影响
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05).
Figure2.Effects of different concentrations of mixed saline-alkali stresses on germination potential, final germination rate, germination index and average germination time of rice seeds
Different lowercase letters show significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05).

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图3水稻种子发芽指标与胁迫因子RDA分析
图中实线箭头表示胁迫因子, 虚线箭头表示水稻种子发芽指标, 胁迫因子的箭头长度越长, 说明该因子的影响程度越大; 胁迫因子与水稻种子发芽指标之间的夹角代表胁迫因子与发芽指标之间相关关系, 锐角表示正相关, 钝角表示负相关, 直角表示不相关。
Figure3.RDA analysis of rice seed germination index and stress factors
In the figure, solid arrows represent stress factors, and dashed arrows represent rice seed germination indicators. The longer the arrow length of the stress factor, the greater the degree of influence of the factor; the angle between the stress factor and the rice seed germination indicator represents that there is a positive or negative correlation between germination indicators, acute angles indicate positive correlations, obtuse angles indicate negative correlations, and right angles indicate no correlations.

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表1各处理盐碱组成及pH
Table1.Salt composition and pH of each treatment

处理 Treatment	总盐浓度 Total salt concentration (mmol·L^-1)	盐分浓度Salt concentration (mmol·L^-1)				pH
处理 Treatment	总盐浓度 Total salt concentration (mmol·L^-1)	NaCl	Na₂SO₄	NaHCO₃	Na₂CO₃	pH
CK	0	0	0	0	0	6.67
A	50	25.0	25.0	0	0	7.14
	100	50.0	50.0	0	0	7.19
	150	75.0	75.0	0	0	7.21
	200	100.0	100.0	0	0	7.24
B	50	12.5	25.0	12.5	0	7.87
	100	25.0	50.0	25.0	0	7.96
	150	37.5	75.0	37.5	0	8.10
	200	50.0	100.0	50.0	0	8.13
C	50	2.5	22.5	22.5	2.5	8.39
	100	5.0	45.0	45.0	5.0	8.47
	150	7.5	67.5	67.5	7.5	8.63
	200	10.0	90.0	90.0	10.0	8.78
D	50	12.5	12.5	12.5	12.5	9.35
	100	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	9.41
	150	37.5	37.5	37.5	37.5	9.56
	200	50.0	50.0	50.0	50.0	9.67
E	50	22.5	2.5	2.5	22.5	10.06
	100	45.0	5.0	5.0	45.0	10.25
	150	67.5	7.5	7.5	67.5	10.34
	200	90.0	10.0	10.0	90.0	10.43

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