马晓慧,
车喜庆,
王井士,
桑海旭^,
辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所 盘锦 124010
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFD0200203
国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300703

详细信息

作者简介:马晓慧, 主要从事水稻病虫草害综合防治研究。E-mail:jodiexiaohui@163.com

通讯作者:桑海旭, 主要研究方向为水稻病虫害防治。E-mail:haixusang@163.com

中图分类号:S476

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收稿日期:2018-12-08
录用日期:2019-04-08
刊出日期:2019-08-01

The structure of spider communities in crab paddies and conventional paddies

MA Xiaohui,
CHE Xiqing,
WANG Jingshi,
SANG Haixu^,
Liaoning Saline or Alkaline Land Utilization and Research Institute, Panjin 124010, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2018YFD0200203
the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0300703

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Corresponding author:SANG Haixu, E-mail:haixusang@163.com

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摘要
摘要:稻蟹共作是一种新型的稻田生态种养殖技术，对推动生态农业发展具有重要意义。目前对稻田蜘蛛的研究仅限于常规稻田，而关于稻蟹共作系统蜘蛛方面的研究尚少见报道。本试验旨在研究稻蟹共作田与常规稻田中蜘蛛群落的组成及多样性特点，探索稻蟹共作田蜘蛛的发生特点，为进一步研究稻蟹共作系统生物多样性特征奠定基础。试验采用吸虫器抽吸法，系统调查了盘锦稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛物种组成，并分析了蜘蛛群落多样性特点。结果表明：这两类稻田共调查11科31种蜘蛛，狼蛛科（Lycosidae）、皿蛛科（Linyphiidae）和园蛛科（Araneidae）数量最多，占总蛛数70%；稻蟹共作田蜘蛛个体数量显著高于常规稻田。2类稻田蜘蛛优势种均为草间钻头蛛（Hylyphantes graminicola）和拟水狼蛛（Pirata subpiraticus）。多样性指数表明，6月初蜘蛛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最低，8-9月蜘蛛群落最高；而均匀度指数、丰富度指数总体与其呈正相关，优势度指数与其呈负相关；2类稻田蜘蛛群落多样性特点基本一致。研究结果表明稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛种类和多样性特点没有显著差异，但蜘蛛个体数量有显著差异，即稻蟹共作田蜘蛛个体数量显著高于常规稻田。
关键词:稻蟹共作/
常规稻田/
蜘蛛/
群落/
多样性指数
Abstract:Rice-crab co-culture (RC) is a new eco-agricultural process in paddy cultivation and breeding models. It has been significantly promoted in the development of eco-agricultural programs. Recent studies, which concern the RC system, mainly focus on the effects of multiple factors on crab or rice production. However, studies on the community of natural enemies in RC ecosystems are still rare. The goal of this study was to determine the regulation of occurrence, composition, and diversity of spider communities in crab paddies and conventional paddies. Suction samplers were applied to collect spiders in the paddies. Species composition and diversity of spiders were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that:1) 31 species and 11 families of spiders were found in both paddies. Three major families of spiders, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, and Araneidae, accounted for at least 70% of the spider populations. 2) The number of individual spiders in the crab paddies was significantly higher than that in conventional paddies. 3) The Shannon-Wiener index indicated that the diversity of spider species was highest from August through September, and lowest in early June. Furthermore, the results showed that the Shannon-Wiener indexes were positively correlated with Pielou's or Margalef's indexes but were negatively correlated with the Simpon's indexes. The results revealed that there was no difference in the numbers or diversities of spider species between crab paddies and conventional paddies, whereas the difference in the number of individual spiders was significant between the two paddy types. This study lays a foundation for the study of the biodiversity characteristics of arthropods in RC systems.
Key words:Crab paddy/
Conventional paddy/
Spider/
Community/
Diversity index

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图1稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛物种数随时间的变化
Figure1.Change of spider species number with time in rice-crab co-culture paddy and conventional paddy


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图2稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛多样性随时间的变化规律
Figure2.Time distribution of spider diversity in rice-crab co-culture paddy and conventional paddy


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表1稻蟹共作田和常规稻田蜘蛛群落组成
Table1.Composition of spider in rice-crab co-culture paddy and conventional paddy

科名 Family	蜘蛛种名 Species	稻蟹共作田?Rice-crab co-culture paddy			常规田?Conventional paddy
		个体数量 Individual number	比例 Percentage (%)		个体数量 Individual number	比例 Percentage (%)
卷叶蛛科 Dictynidae	芦苇卷叶蛛?Dictyna arundinacea Linnaeus	30	0.26		22	0.44
	黑斑卷叶蛛?Dictyna felis Boes. et Str	11	0.09		15	0.30
园蛛科 Araneidae	角类肥蛛?Larinioides cornuta Clerck	609	5.18		426	8.46
	黄褐新园蛛?Neoscona doenitzi Boes. et Str	326	2.78		206	4.09
	黑斑亮腹蛛?Singa hamata Clervk	679	5.78		400	7.94
	四点高亮腹蛛?Hypsosinga pygmaea Sundevall	272	2.32		34	0.68
	大腹园蛛?Araneus ventricosus L.Koch	14	0.12		14	0.28
	横纹金蛛?Argiope bruennichi Scopoli	17	0.14		16	0.32
肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae	四斑锯螯蛛?Dyschiriognatha quadrimaculata Boes. et Str	481	4.09		199	3.95
	圆尾肖蛸?Tetragnatha shikokiana Yaginuma	513	4.37		353	7.01
	锥腹肖蛸?Tetragnatha maxillosa Thoren	159	1.35		82	1.63
	直伸肖蛸?Tetragnatha extensa linnaeus	50	0.43		6	0.12
球腹蛛科 Theridiidae	八斑球腹蛛?Theridion Octomaculatum Boes. et str	215	1.83		86	1.71
皿蛛科 Linyphiidae	花腹盖蛛?Neriene radiate Walckenaer	59	0.50		36	0.71
	食虫沟瘤蛛?Ummeliata insecticeps Boes. et Str	219	1.86		77	1.53
	齿螯额角蛛?Gnathonarium dentatum Wider	519	4.42		206	4.09
	草间钻头蛛?Hylyphantes graminicola Sundevall	2 369	20.17		652	12.95
漏斗蛛科 Agelenidae	迷宫漏斗蛛?Agelena labyrinthica Clerck	5	0.04		2	0.04
	机敏漏斗蛛?Aelena difficilis Fox	5	0.04		2	0.04
狼蛛科 Lycosidae	拟水狼蛛?Pirata subpiraticus Boes. et Str	1 784	15.19		989	19.64
	真水狼蛛?Pirata piraticus Clerck	834	7.10		358	7.11
	沟渠豹蛛?Pardosa laura Karsch	130	1.11		31	0.62
	拟环纹豹蛛?Pardosa pseudoannulata Boes. et Str	620	5.28		272	5.40
	丁纹豹蛛?Pardosa T-insignita Boes. et Str.	50	0.43		12	0.24
管巢蛛科 Clubionidae	彭妮红螯蛛?Chiracanthium pennyi	189	1.61		19	0.38
	粽管巢蛛?Clubiona japonicola Boes. et Str	244	2.08		206	4.09
逍遥蛛科 Philodromidae	刺跗逍遥蛛?Philodromus spinitarsis Simon	406	3.46		112	2.22
蟹蛛科 Thomisidae	鞍形花蟹蛛?Xysticus ephippiafus Simon	141	1.20		17	0.34
	三突花蛛?Misumenops tricuspidatus Fabricius	483	4.11		91	1.81
	圆花叶蛛?Synaema globosum Fabricius	11	0.09		10	0.20
跳珠科 Salticidae	纵条蝇狮?Marpissa magister Karsch	303	2.58		85	1.69

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