徐春春,
纪龙,
方福平,
中国水稻研究所 杭州 311300
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300210
浙江省自然科学基金青年基金项目LQ18G030013
详细信息
作者简介:陈中督, 主要从事低碳农作制研究。E-mail:chenzhongdu@caas.cn
通讯作者:方福平, 主要研究方向为稻田生态及产业经济研究。E-mail:fangfuping@caas.cn
中图分类号:S181.6;S511.047计量
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出版历程
收稿日期:2018-11-26
录用日期:2019-02-18
刊出日期:2019-07-01
Spatial and temporal changes in carbon footprint for oilseed rape production in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during 2004-2015
CHEN Zhongdu,XU Chunchun,
JI Long,
FANG Fuping,
China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311300, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2016YFD0300210
the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangLQ18G030013
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Corresponding author:FANG Fuping, E-mail:fangfuping@caas.cn
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摘要
摘要:长江流域是我国油菜生产的主产区，系统分析油菜生产碳足迹对促进该地区农业低碳化生产与缓解气候变化的影响具有重要的意义。本文基于油菜播种面积、产量及生产投入等统计资料数据，运用农业碳足迹理论和生命周期评价法定量分析2004-2015年长江中下游地区油菜生产碳足迹时空变化动态及其构成。研究结果表明，油菜生产的碳足迹呈先下降后上升的趋势，最低点出现在2013年，为2 177.6 kg·hm-2；肥料和人工是长江流域油菜生产主要的温室气体排放源，分别占总碳足迹的50.9%~53.1%和5.8%~8.4%。不同省份间油菜生产碳足迹具有明显的差异，江苏省和浙江省的单位面积碳足迹（CFa）和单位产量碳足迹（CFy）均较高，而湖南和江西两省的CFa和CFy均较低。长江中下游地区油菜高产省CFa、CFy显著高于低产省，其中，氮肥、磷肥和复合肥产生的碳足迹值均显著高于低产省份，分别提高81.7%、81.2%和112.8%（P < 0.05）。研究表明发展油菜生产节肥技术，加强机械一体化技术以减少人工成本是未来长江流域油菜应对气候变化发展低碳农业的重要举措。结果部分尽量详细些
关键词:碳足迹/
油菜/
全球变暖/
生命周期/
时空变化/
减排
Abstract:The Yangtze River is one of the major oilseed rape producing areas in China. It is therefore of great significance to analyze the carbon footprint of oilseed rape, for developing low-carbon agriculture and for climate change mitigation in this region. Based on the statistical data of sown area, crop yield, and farmland investment of oilseed rape production along the Yangtze River, the spatiotemporal dynamic change in carbon footprint and its composition of oilseed rape during 2004-2015 in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River was estimated using the theory of carbon footprint and life cycle assessment method in the agricultural sector. The results showed the carbon footprint of oilseed rape at first decreased and then increased, the lowest point being 2 177.6 kg·hm-2 in 2013. The main components of the carbon footprint for oilseed rape production were fertilizer (50.9%-53.1%) and labor (5.8%-8.4%). Obvious differences were found among main agricultural provinces in the study area. The carbon footprint per unit area (CFa) and per unit yield (CFy) of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces were higher, while that of Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces were lower. What was more, the CFa and CFy in high yield regions were significantly higher than that in low yield regions. Among them, the carbon footprint of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and compound fertilizer was significantly higher than that for low-yielding provinces, which increased by 81.7%, 81.2%, and 112.8%, respectively, (P < 0.05). The results suggest that improving crop management practices that limit fertilizer consumption and strengthen mechanical integration technology to reduce labor costs could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from oilseed rape production along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
Key words:Carbon footprint/
Oilseed rape/
Global warming/
Life cycle assessment/
Spatio-temporal variation/
Greenhouse gas mitigation
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图1油菜生产的碳足迹计算边界
Figure1.System boundary for calculating greenhouse gases emissions of oilseed rape production
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图22004—2015年长江中下游流域油菜生产单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹变化情况
Figure2.Range of carbon footprint per unit area and carbon footprint per unit yield of oilseed rape production of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River from 2004 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3长江中下游流域各省份2004—2015年油菜生产单位面积碳足迹、单位产量碳足迹及其变化率分布
a:单位面积碳足迹分布, 单位为kg(CO2-eq)∙hm-2; b: 2004—2015年单位面积碳足迹变化率分布(CFa trend), 单位为kg(CO2-eq)∙hm-2∙a-1; c:单位产量碳足迹分布(CFy), 单位为kg(CO2-eq)∙kg-1; d: 2004—2015年单位产量碳足迹变化率分布(CFy trend), 单位为kg(CO2-eq)∙kg-1∙a-1。a: distribution of carbon footprint per unit area (CFa), kg(CO2-eq)∙hm-2; b: distribution of change in carbon footprint trends per unit area during 2004-2015 (CFa trend), kg(CO2-eq)∙hm-2∙a-1; c: distribution of carbon footprint per unit yield (CFy), kg(CO2-eq)∙kg-1; d: distribution of change in carbon footprint trends per unit yield during 2004-2015 (CFy trend), kg(CO2-eq)∙kg-1∙a-1.
Figure3.Distribution of carbon footprint per unit area, carbon footprint per unit yield and their trends of oilseed rape production during 2004-2015 in each province of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1油菜生产中各农业投入资料的温室气体排放系数
Table1.Greenhouse gases emissions coefficients of different agricultural materials for oilseed production
| 项目Item | 系数Coefficient | 来源Sources |
| 柴油Diesel | 0.89 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | CLCD0.7 |
| 柴油燃烧 Diesel combustion | 4.1 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | CLCD0.7 |
| 氮肥N fertilizer | 1.53 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | CLCD0.7 |
| 磷肥P fertilizer | 1.63 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | CLCD0.7 |
| 钾肥K fertilizer | 0.65 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | CLCD0.7 |
| 复合肥 Compound fertilizer | 1.77 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | CLCD0.7 |
| 人工Labor | 0.86 kg(CO2-eq)?d-1?person-1 | 刘巽浩等[21] LIU, et al[21] |
| 杀虫剂Insecticides | 16.61 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | Ecoinvent2.2 |
| 除草剂Herbicides | 10.15 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | Ecoinvent2.2 |
| 杀菌剂Fungicides | 10.57 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | Ecoinvent2.2 |
| 油菜种子Rice seed | 0.83 kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1 | Gan, et al[22] |
下载: 导出CSV表22004—2015年长江中下游流域油菜生产单位面积碳足迹组成
Table2.Composition of carbon footprint of oilseed rape production of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River from 2004 to 2015
| 项目Item | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| 农田投入 Farm input [kg(CO2-eq)?hm-2] | 氮肥 N fertilizer | 714.4 | 693.7 | 577.8 | 573.5 | 589.2 | 572.9 | 554.1 | 526.0 | 525.3 | 470.8 | 484.9 | 484.4 |
| 磷肥 P fertilizer | 579.7 | 612.5 | 417.2 | 474.0 | 357.7 | 358.8 | 330.3 | 324.8 | 285.3 | 237.5 | 261.7 | 269.4 | |
| 钾肥 K fertilizer | 8.1 | 6.6 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 3.6 | |
| 复合肥 Compound fertilizer | 165.3 | 245.8 | 243.7 | 273.8 | 336.5 | 326.8 | 371.9 | 355.4 | 364.9 | 409.3 | 455.8 | 474.7 | |
| 种子 Seed | 2.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 | |
| 人工 Labor | 192.5 | 187.2 | 203.5 | 202.3 | 205.1 | 197.1 | 166.7 | 149.5 | 147.1 | 147.4 | 139.1 | 136.1 | |
| 除草剂 Herbicide | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| 杀虫剂 Insecticide | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
| 杀菌剂 Fungicide | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | 73.7 | |
| 柴油 Diesel | 27.3 | 27.5 | 22.0 | 31.1 | 33.7 | 38.7 | 42.3 | 39.5 | 52.3 | 56.8 | 73.8 | 91.6 | |
| N2O排放量 N2O emission (kg?hm-2) | 998.3 | 986.7 | 865.4 | 873.9 | 923.5 | 886.9 | 874.2 | 826.8 | 827.4 | 773.9 | 804.9 | 813.2 | |
| 单位面积碳足迹 (CFa) Carbon footprint per unit area [kg(CO2-eq)?hm-2] | 2 764.3 | 2 840.7 | 2 415.1 | 2 512.6 | 2 527.1 | 2 463.9 | 2 422.3 | 2 303.1 | 2 284.4 | 2 177.6 | 2 301.3 | 2 352.2 | |
| 产量 Yield (kg?hm-2) | 2 068.1 | 1 941.0 | 1 843.5 | 2 086.5 | 2 030.6 | 2 047.3 | 1 803.7 | 1 861.3 | 1 909.7 | 2 133.0 | 1 989.2 | 2 154.9 | |
| 单位产量碳足迹 (CFy) Carbon footprint per unit yield [kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1] | 1.34 | 1.46 | 1.31 | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.34 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.02 | 1.16 | 1.09 | |
下载: 导出CSV表3长江中下游流域不同时期油菜生产碳足迹回归方程
Table3.Regression equations of carbon footprint of oilseed rape production in different periods of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
| 项目Item | 时间段Time period | ||
| 2004—2013 | 2013—2015 | 2004—2015 | |
| 回归方程Regression equation | Y2=12.40X1+122.17 | Y2=10.40X4+0.29X10+975.83 | Y1=12.81X1+12.20X2+6.27X4+102.08 |
| 决定系数R2 | 0.950 | 0.989 | 0.956 |
| 标准回归系数Standard regression coefficient | |||
| 氮肥N fertilizer (X1) | 0.975** | 0.333 | 1.132** |
| 磷肥P fertilizer (X2) | 0.311 | 0.445 | 0.528** |
| 钾肥K fertilizer (X3) | 0.360 | 0.367 | 0.112 |
| 复合肥Compound fertilizer (X4) | 0.195 | 0.989** | 0.743** |
| 油菜种子Rice seed (X5) | 0.391 | 0.321 | 0.387 |
| 人工Labor (X6) | 0.459 | 0.124 | 0.349 |
| 除草剂Herbicide (X7) | 0.123 | 0.131 | 0.112 |
| 杀虫剂Insecticide (X8) | 0.213 | 0.176 | 0.231 |
| 杀菌剂Fungicide (X9) | 0.312 | 0.211 | 0.412 |
| 柴油Diesel (X10) | 0.447 | 0.011** | 0.419 |
下载: 导出CSV表4长江中下游流域典型省份碳足迹、投入及产业构成
Table4.Carbon footprint, input and composition of industry of typical provinces in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River
| 项目Item | 高产省份(江苏、浙江) High yield provinces (Jiangsu, Zhejiang) | 低产省份(江西、湖南) Low yield provinces (Jiangxi, Hunan) | |
| 农田投入 Farm input [kg(CO2-eq)?hm-2] | 氮肥N fertilizer | 775.7±141.1a | 427.0±21.8b |
| 磷肥P fertilizer | 464±111.2a | 256.1±70.3b | |
| 钾肥K fertilizer | 1.7±0.8b | 3.2±0.6a | |
| 复合肥Compound fertilizer | 434.8±155.1a | 204.3±114.3b | |
| 种子Seed | 3.1±1.2a | 4.7±2.2a | |
| 人工Labor | 190.9±72.2a | 161.0±70.2a | |
| 除草剂Herbicide | 1.2a | 1.2a | |
| 杀虫剂Insecticide | 1.1a | 1.1a | |
| 杀菌剂Fungicide | 73.7a | 73.7a | |
| 柴油Diesel | 54.8±20.2a | 32.1±20.3a | |
| N2O排放量N2O emission (kg?hm-2) | 1 156.7±342.2a | 683.5±80.3b | |
| 产量Yield (kg?hm-2) | 2 153.9±322.7a | 1 621.3±197.1b | |
| 单位面积碳足迹(CFa) Carbon footprint per unit area [kg(CO2-eq)?hm-2] | 3 157.7±451.2a | 1 848.8±201.2b | |
| 单位产量碳足迹(CFy) Carbon footprint per unit yield [kg(CO2-eq)?kg-1] | 1.4±0.1a | 1.1±0.1b | |
| 同行数据后不同小写字母表示高产与低产省份在0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same row mean significant differences at 0.05 level between provinces of high yield and low yield. | |||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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