沈智扬2,
林国华1,,
1.福建省农业科学院农业经济与科技信息研究所 福州 350003
2.中国进出口银行 北京 100031
基金项目: 2016年度中国科学院学部咨询评议项目和福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项2015R1016-8
详细信息
作者简介:许标文, 主要研究方向为农业可持续发展。E-mail:13596447@qq.com
通讯作者:林国华, 主要研究方向为生态农业。E-mail:linguohua@163.com
中图分类号:X322;F326.3;F224计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-10-13
录用日期:2018-11-19
刊出日期:2019-04-01
Evolution of green total factor productivity and regional disparity in China's husbandry
XU Biaowen1,,SHEN Zhiyang2,
LIN Guohua1,,
1. Institute of Agricultural Economy and Science Information, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
2. Export-Import Bank of China, Beijing 100031, China
Funds: the Annual Consulting and Evaluation Project of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2016 and the Public Welfare Foundation of Fujian Province2015R1016-8
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Corresponding author:E-mail:inguohua@163.com
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摘要
摘要:绿色全要素生产率（TFP）是衡量经济发展方式转变的重要指标，畜牧业高质量发展提升绿色TFP尤为关键。现有文献在测算省域绿色要素生产率时忽视了各省份之间的异质性，生产率指数基于以自身为参照的距离函数，导致结果不能相互比较，无法为决策者提供准确的政策建议。本文提出了一种可以测算各省份经济增长和环境改善对提升全国绿色TFP贡献率的新方法，主要基于稳健型整体方向性距离函数和整体Luenberger绿色生产率指标，将中国整体作为统一的方向衡量各省份对全国要素生产率的贡献，使得各省份的效率值具有可比性。通过分析中国31个省份2001—2016年畜牧业绿色TFP的增长变化，研究发现：1）从整体上看，样本期我国畜牧业绿色TFP的年均增长率为5.01%，其中经济效率对畜牧业绿色TFP的贡献率达88.83%；技术进步对绿色TFP增长的贡献率高达78.65%。2）从区域上看，我国畜牧业区域发展不平衡，东部和中部地区畜牧业发展快于西部地区。3）我国畜牧业绿色TFP增长存在改进空间，且环境效率改进空间大于经济效率，东部地区经济效率改进空间趋小，畜牧业经济增长与碳排放出现弱脱钩状态；中部地区经济效率与环境效率均有很大的改进空间；西部地区经济效率及碳减排还有一定改进空间。因此，为实现畜牧业高质量发展，畜牧业绿色TFP应加快由依靠增加要素投入向注重环境改善转变，加强绿色科技创新的促进作用；同时要突破城乡及区域要素流动制度障碍，提高人均畜牧产值来推动畜牧业区域平衡发展。
关键词:畜牧业/
整体方向性距离函数/
绿色全要素生产率/
Luenberger生产率指标/
By-production模型
Abstract:Green total factor productivity (TFP) is a key indicator for measuring the transformation mode of economic development. The promotion of green TFP has been particularly important for achieving high-quality development of animal husbandry. Existing literatures on green TFP have ignored inter-regional heterogeneity. The productivity index has been usually measured based on distance functions of evaluated unit (province) own leading to results not inter-comparable among units. consequently failure in providing accurate policy advice for decision makers. This paper proposed a novel approach of allocating the contributions of economic gain and environmental improvement to green TFP growth of every evaluated unit. Based on the concept, the main contribution was based on a robust aggregate directional distance function and aggregate Luenberger productivity indicators. We set a unified direction for all over China to measure green TFP evolution of animal husbandry in 31 provinces for the period 2001-2016. The results showed that:1) generally, the average annual growth rate of green TFP in China's animal husbandry was 5.01%; of which the contribution rate of economic efficiency was 88.83% and that of technological progress as high as 78.65%. 2) There were regional imbalances in the development of animal husbandry industry across provinces, with eastern and central regions having faster growth than western areas. 3) There was potential of improvement in green TFP growth of animal husbandry in China with bigger room for improvement of environment efficiency than economic efficiency. Different directions of the improvement of green TFP growth of animal husbandry existed among the eastern, central and western regions of China. For the eastern regions, economy growth and carbon emission was in weak decoupling with small improvement room of TFP growth. For the central regions, both economic and environment efficiencies had great improvement room. And the western region had certain potential in economic efficiency enhancement and carbon emission reduction. Thus in order to realize high-quality development of animal husbandry, there was need to accelerate the transformation from relying on increasing the input of factors to environmental improvement for increasing green TFP of animal husbandry, and to strengthen the innovation of green science and technology. Also to realize balanced development of animal husbandry, it was necessary to break the police obstacles between urban and rural areas, and among regions, and increase per capita animal husbandry output value.
Key words:Animal husbandry/
Aggregate directional distance function/
Green total factor productivity/
Luenberger productivity indicator/
By-production technology
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图1全国畜牧业的绿色增长潜力(2001—2016年)
Figure1.Green growth potential of Chinese husbandry (2001-2016)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1中国主要畜牧品种温室气体排放系数
Table1.Greenhouse gases emission factors of major husbandry breeds in China
| kg?head-1?a-1 | |||
| 种类 Species | 甲烷排放系数 CH4 emission factor | 氧化亚氮排放系数 N2O emission factor | |
| 胃肠发酵 Abdominal fermentation | 排泄物 Excrement | ||
| 奶牛Cow | 68 | 16 | 1.00 |
| 非奶牛Non-dairy cow | 51.4 | 1.5 | 1.37 |
| 羊Sheep | 5 | 0.16 | 0.33 |
| 猪Pig | 1 | 3.5 | 0.53 |
| 家禽Poultry | — | 0.02 | 0.02 |
下载: 导出CSV表2中国畜牧业绿色全要素生产率指标累计值与分解(2001—2016年)
Table2.Cumulative value and decomposition of green total factor productivity in Chinese husbandry (2001-2016)
| 年份 Year | 绿色 全要素生产率 Green total factor productivity | 经济 全要素生产率 Total factor productivity in economic | 环境 全要素生产率 Total factor productivity in environment | 效率变化 (EC) Efficiency change | 经济 效率变化 Efficiency change in economic | 环境 效率变化 Efficiency change in environment | 技术进步 (TP) Technological progress | 经济 技术进步 Technological progress in economic | 环境 技术进步 Technological progress in environment |
| 2001 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
| 2002 | 0.125 5 | 0.134 5 | -0.009 0 | 0.469 5 | 0.505 0 | -0.035 5 | -0.344 1 | -0.370 5 | 0.026 5 |
| 2003 | 0.286 4 | 0.257 1 | 0.029 3 | 0.489 7 | 0.512 1 | -0.022 5 | -0.203 3 | -0.255 0 | 0.051 8 |
| 2004 | 0.378 3 | 0.338 1 | 0.040 2 | 0.394 5 | 0.543 7 | -0.149 2 | -0.016 2 | -0.205 6 | 0.189 4 |
| 2005 | 0.417 9 | 0.386 5 | 0.031 4 | 0.438 0 | 0.429 1 | 0.008 9 | -0.020 1 | -0.042 7 | 0.022 5 |
| 2006 | 0.437 6 | 0.407 3 | 0.030 3 | 0.517 8 | 0.528 6 | -0.010 8 | -0.080 2 | -0.121 2 | 0.041 1 |
| 2007 | 0.586 1 | 0.492 5 | 0.093 6 | 0.628 9 | 0.613 1 | 0.015 9 | -0.042 9 | -0.120 6 | 0.077 7 |
| 2008 | 0.665 4 | 0.568 6 | 0.096 8 | 0.632 9 | 0.614 4 | 0.018 5 | 0.032 5 | -0.045 8 | 0.078 3 |
| 2009 | 0.609 6 | 0.529 9 | 0.079 7 | 0.620 8 | 0.631 6 | -0.010 8 | -0.011 2 | -0.101 7 | 0.090 5 |
| 2010 | 0.648 1 | 0.565 8 | 0.082 3 | 0.585 6 | 0.594 7 | -0.009 1 | 0.062 5 | -0.029 0 | 0.091 5 |
| 2011 | 0.763 5 | 0.653 6 | 0.109 9 | 0.593 4 | 0.588 0 | 0.005 4 | 0.170 1 | 0.065 6 | 0.104 5 |
| 2012 | 0.785 7 | 0.687 7 | 0.098 0 | 0.574 3 | 0.578 7 | -0.004 5 | 0.211 4 | 0.109 0 | 0.102 5 |
| 2013 | 0.780 5 | 0.700 0 | 0.080 5 | 0.515 1 | 0.524 0 | -0.008 9 | 0.265 3 | 0.176 0 | 0.089 4 |
| 2014 | 0.686 7 | 0.699 3 | -0.012 6 | 0.420 7 | 0.522 2 | -0.101 6 | 0.266 0 | 0.177 1 | 0.089 0 |
| 2015 | 0.827 0 | 0.734 2 | 0.092 8 | 0.343 1 | 0.374 4 | -0.031 3 | 0.483 9 | 0.359 9 | 0.124 1 |
| 2016 | 0.838 3 | 0.720 6 | 0.117 7 | 0.493 0 | 0.518 3 | -0.025 3 | 0.345 3 | 0.202 3 | 0.143 0 |
| 年均增长率 Average annual growth rate (%) | 5.01 | 4.45 | 0.56 | 1.07 | 1.08 | -0.01 | 3.94 | 3.37 | 0.57 |
| 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 100.00 | 88.83 | 11.17 | 21.35 | 21.49 | -0.14 | 78.65 | 67.34 | 11.31 |
| 数据来源为除台湾省、香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区外的31个省(市、区); 指标为累计变化值, 初始值2001年设为0。The data are of provinces (cities, regions) of China except Taiwan Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region. The value of every indicator is cumulative value, and initial value is set as 0 in 2001. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表3中国区域及省际畜牧业绿色全要素生产率增长趋势分析(2001—2016年)
Table3.Analysis on green total factor productivity growth of regional and provincial husbandry in China (2001-2016)
| % | |||
| 地区 Area | 总趋势 General trend | 经济趋势 Economic trend | 环境趋势 Environment trend |
| 东部East area | 2.18 | 1.87 | 0.31 |
| 北京Beijing | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| 天津Tianjin | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
| 河北Hebei | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.09 |
| 辽宁Liaoning | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.01 |
| 上海Shanghai | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| 浙江Zhejiang | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 福建Fujian | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
| 山东Shandong | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.09 |
| 广东Guangdong | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.02 |
| 海南Hainan | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| 江苏Jiangsu | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.05 |
| 中部Central area | 1.93 | 1.77 | 0.16 |
| 山西Shanxi | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
| 吉林Jilin | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.05 |
| 黑龙江Heilongjiang | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.06 |
| 安徽Anhui | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.04 |
| 江西Jiangxi | 0.08 | 0.25 | -0.17 |
| 河南Henan | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.09 |
| 湖南Hunan | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.08 |
| 湖北Hubei | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.00 |
| 西部West area | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.09 |
| 四川Sichuan | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.09 |
| 贵州Guizhou | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| 云南Yunnan | -0.10 | 0.03 | -0.14 |
| 西藏Tibet | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.00 |
| 陕西Shaanxi | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| 重庆Chongqing | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| 广西Guangxi | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
| 甘肃Gansu | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| 青海Qinghai | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| 宁夏Ningxia | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
| 新疆Xinjiang | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
| 内蒙古Inner Mongolia | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.03 |
下载: 导出CSV表4中国不同区域和全国畜牧业绿色增长潜力(2001—2016年)
Table4.Green growth potential of husbandry in different regions and the whole county of China (2001-2016)
| % | |||||||||||
| 年份Year | 东部East area | 中部Central area | 西部West area | 全国National | |||||||
| 经济效率 改进空间 Improvement room of economic efficiency | 环境效率 改进空间 Improvement room of environment efficiency | 经济效率 改进空间 Improvement room of economic efficiency | 环境效率 改进空间 Improvement room of environment efficiency | 经济效率 改进空间 Improvement room of economic efficiency | 环境效率 改进空间 Improvement room of environment efficiency | 经济效率 改进空间 Improvement room of economic efficiency | 环境效率 改进空间 Improvement room of environment efficiency | ||||
| 2001 | 26.50 | 5.81 | 32.76 | 9.25 | 9.26 | 10.55 | 68.52 | 25.62 | |||
| 2002 | 7.93 | 6.69 | 5.58 | 11.52 | 4.51 | 10.96 | 18.02 | 29.17 | |||
| 2003 | 5.81 | 6.75 | 7.49 | 10.26 | 4.00 | 10.85 | 17.31 | 27.86 | |||
| 2004 | 5.21 | 12.95 | 5.75 | 14.21 | 3.19 | 13.37 | 14.15 | 40.54 | |||
| 2005 | 10.75 | 6.23 | 9.31 | 8.79 | 5.55 | 9.70 | 25.61 | 24.73 | |||
| 2006 | 6.54 | 7.08 | 5.90 | 9.46 | 3.22 | 10.15 | 15.66 | 26.69 | |||
| 2007 | 2.99 | 5.55 | 3.17 | 8.58 | 1.06 | 9.89 | 7.21 | 24.03 | |||
| 2008 | 2.73 | 5.78 | 3.01 | 8.39 | 1.34 | 9.59 | 7.08 | 23.77 | |||
| 2009 | 1.52 | 6.55 | 2.75 | 9.55 | 1.08 | 10.60 | 5.36 | 26.69 | |||
| 2010 | 2.37 | 6.52 | 4.05 | 9.60 | 2.63 | 10.41 | 9.05 | 26.53 | |||
| 2011 | 2.59 | 6.21 | 4.14 | 9.02 | 2.99 | 9.85 | 9.72 | 25.07 | |||
| 2012 | 2.90 | 6.76 | 4.45 | 9.62 | 3.30 | 9.68 | 10.64 | 26.06 | |||
| 2013 | 3.95 | 6.41 | 6.28 | 8.93 | 5.89 | 11.16 | 16.12 | 26.50 | |||
| 2014 | 3.53 | 3.73 | 6.77 | 15.23 | 5.99 | 16.81 | 16.29 | 35.77 | |||
| 2015 | 4.99 | 8.11 | 14.01 | 10.71 | 12.08 | 9.92 | 31.08 | 28.74 | |||
| 2016 | 5.02 | 7.16 | 6.42 | 10.59 | 5.25 | 10.39 | 16.69 | 28.15 | |||
| 增长潜力由改进空间(无效率值)衡量。Growth potential is measured by improvement space (inefficiency value). | |||||||||||
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