基于投影寻踪模型的甘蓝型油菜产量因素评价

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田效琴^{1, 2,},
李卓^{1, 2,,},
李浩杰¹,
柴靓¹,
张锦芳¹,
陈红琳^{2, 3},
刘永红^{1, 2}
1.四川省农业科学院作物研究所成都 610066
2.南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室成都 610066
3.四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所成都 610066
基金项目: 四川省财政创新能力提升工程2016GYSH-007
甘蓝型油菜种质资源创新和突破性新品种培育2016zypz-013
公益性科研（农业）专项20150312701
国家科技支撑计划项目2014BAD11B03
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金CARS-13

详细信息

作者简介:田效琴, 主要研究方向为作物栽培和农业资源环境。E-mail:865257025@qq.com

通讯作者:李卓, 主要研究方向为作物高效用水与农业资源环境E-mail：lizhuo_2000@sina.com

中图分类号:S565.4

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出版历程

收稿日期:2018-11-22
录用日期:2018-12-22
刊出日期:2019-03-01

Evaluation of factors affecting rape (swede type) yield using the projection pursuit model

TIAN Xiaoqin^{1, 2,},
LI Zhuo^{1, 2,,},
LI Haojie¹,
CHAI Jing¹,
ZHANG Jinfang¹,
CHEN Honglin^{2, 3},
LIU Yonghong^{1, 2}
1. Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
2. Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of South China, Chengdu 610066, China
3. Soil Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
Funds: the Financial Innovation Capacity Improvement Project of Sichuan Province2016GYSH-007
the Germplasm Resources Innovation and Breakthrough New Varieties Cultivation of Brassica napus of China2016zypz-013
the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China20150312701
the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China2014BAD11B03
the Special Fund for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of ChinaCARS-13

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Corresponding author:LI Zhuo, E-mail: lizhuo_2000@sina.com

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摘要
摘要:明确油菜产量因素对产量的贡献对于有目的地选择油菜优良组合具有重要意义，而常用的评价油菜产量因素贡献大小的分析方法限制较多。为此，本研究以正常生长的12份早熟和38份晚熟甘蓝型油菜组合为材料，利用基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪模型分别定量评价了早、晚熟油菜组合产量因素对产量的贡献，并将其与灰色关联度分析、主成分分析结果进行了对比分析，讨论了各分析方法对产量因素贡献评价的准确性。结果表明，早熟组合产量贡献最大的3项指标依次为主序有效角果数>有效分枝部位>二次有效分枝数，贡献率分别达到36.79%、24.02%和11.33%；晚熟组合产量贡献最大的3项指标依次为每角粒数>千粒重>有效分枝部位，贡献率分别达到29.81%、17.52%和14.75%。有效分枝部位对不同熟期组合产量均有较大贡献；除此之外，早熟组合产量的形成还较多依赖于生育前期的有效分枝数与有效角果数，晚熟组合产量的形成则较多依赖于生育后期的每角粒数与千粒重。基于投影寻踪模型的油菜产量因素评价能较准确地判断油菜实际产量，并在利用各种分析方法评价油菜产量因素对产量的贡献中发现，灰色关联度分析和主成分分析比投影寻踪模型评价准确性低。从油菜产量因素评价及产量预测综合考虑，基于投影寻踪模型的油菜产量因素评价及产量预测具有最高的准确性，可以优先作为甘蓝型油菜良种选育及产量预测的一种分析方法。
关键词:投影寻踪/
油菜产量预测/
产量因素/
高维数据
Abstract:The relative contributions of factors that affect rapeseed production were determined. A field experiment was conducted in Jianyang, Sichuan using 12 early-maturing and 38 late-maturing newly recombinant rapeseed varieties. Contributions were evaluated using the projection pursuit model based on real code deaccelerating genetic algorithm. The evaluation was compared with gray correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Effective pods in main inflorescence, effective branching position, and second effective branch number were the major contributors for early-maturing varieties, accounting for 36.79%, 24.02%, and 11.33% of the yield variation, respectively. For late-maturing varieties, seeds per silique, 1000-grain weight, and effective branching position were the most influential factors, accounting for 29.81%, 17.52%, and 14.75% of the yield variation, respectively. Interestingly, effective branching position was a significant contributor for both early- and late-maturing varieties. In addition, yield appeared to be influenced mostly by the number of effective branches and the number of effective pods, both formed during early growing stages, for early-maturing rape plants, and by seeds per silique and 1000-grain weight, formed during late growing stages, for late-maturing varieties. Predicted yields by the projection pursuit model were consistent with observed yields. Rapeseed yield was affected mostly by branching and pod formation for early-maturing varieties and by seed development for late-maturing varieties, and the yield potential was accurately predicted by the projection pursuit model.
Key words:Projection pursuit/
Rapeseed yield prediction/
Rapeseed yield factors/
High dimensional data

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图1早熟(A, B)和晚熟(C, D)油菜组合材料产量影响指标的最优投影方向(A, C)和影响百分比(B, D)
x₁、x₂、x₃、x₄、x₅、x₆、x₇、x₈、x₉和x₁₀分别表示株高、有效分枝部位、主序长、一次有效分枝数、二次有效分枝数、主序有效角果数、一次枝有效角果数、二次枝有效角果数、每角粒数和千粒重。
Figure1.Optimal projection direction (A, C) and influence percentage (B, D) of yield impact indexes of early-maturing (A, B) and late-maturing (C, D) rape materials
x₁, x₂, x₃, x₄, x₅, x₆, x₇, x₈, x₉ and x₁₀ respectively represent plant height, effective branching position, main sequence length, primary effective branching number, secondary effective branching number, effective pods number of the main sequence, primary effective pods number, secondary effective pods number, seed number per horn, and 1000-grain weight. x₁, x₂, x₃, x₄, x₅, x₆, x₇, x₈, x₉ and x₁₀ respectively represent plant height, effective branching position, main sequence length, primary effective branching number, secondary effective branching number, effective pods number of the main sequence, primary effective pods number, secondary effective pods number, seed number per horn, and 1000-grain weight.

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图2早熟(a)和晚熟(b)油菜材料投影值及实际单株产量的比较
Figure2.Comparison of projection values and actual yields per plant of early-maturing (a) and late-maturing (b) rape materials

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表1供试早熟(早)和晚熟(晚)油菜组合材料的单株产量及其产量因素
Table1.Yield per plant and yield factors of the tested early-maturing (E) and later-maturing (L) materials of rape

试验材料 Tested material	株高(x₁) Height (cm)	有效分枝部位 (x₂) Effective branching position (cm)	主序长(x₃) Length of main inflorescence (cm)	有效分枝数 Effective branches		有效角果数 Effective pods			每角粒数(x₉) Seeds per silique	千粒重(x₁₀) 1000-grain weight (g)	单产 Yield per plant (g)
试验材料 Tested material	株高(x₁) Height (cm)	有效分枝部位 (x₂) Effective branching position (cm)	主序长(x₃) Length of main inflorescence (cm)	一次(x₄) Primary	二次(x₅) Second	主序(x₆) Main inflorescence	一次枝(x₇) Primary tiller	二次枝(x₈) Second tiller	每角粒数(x₉) Seeds per silique	千粒重(x₁₀) 1000-grain weight (g)	单产 Yield per plant (g)
早1 E1	223.00± 3.17defgh	113.13±2.91cd	71.27±0.76 defghijklm	7.73±0.31 cdefgh	4.60±0.40c	93.20±3.08 bcdefg	274.60± 3.22bcdef	39.07±1.14 c	22.40±0.60 a	3.937±0.434ijklmno	35.44±0.89 a
早2 E2	218.77± 2.15efghij	104.50±1.95 fghijklm	69.67±1.47 efghijklmn	7.33±0.31 cdefgh	1.67±0.23 lmn	81.40±2.31 klmnopqr	219.53± 2.23 ijklmnop	9.20±1.06 hijklmno	18.53±0.83 efghij	4.044±0.399hijklmno	22.82±0.79 nop
早3 E3	222.97± 2.67defgh	111.20±1.56 cdef	71.43±2.05 defghijklm	7.53±0.50 cdefgh	1.47±0.12 mno	98.60±1.91 abc	268.67± 13.15 bcdef	5.67±1.40 jklmno	16.80±1.64 hijk	4.309±0.150 fghijkl	29.22±0.68 cdefg
早4 E4	217.33± 2.89ghij	103.40±2.12 ghijklm	68.05±0.94 fghijklmno	7.40±0.53 cdefgh	2.60±0.40 ghijk	86.00±1.04 efghijklmno	278.60± 11.09bcd	14.13±1.90 ghijklm	18.80±0.58 defghi	3.725±0.163lmnop	26.32±0.83 fghijklmn
早5 E5	223.27± 3.06defgh	112.83±1.96 cde	67.87±1.81 hijklmno	6.87±0.46 efgh	2.33±0.31 hijkl	88.60±2.75 defghijklm	213.87± 8.02 klmnop	20.73±2.50 efgh	16.69±0.54 hijk	3.640±0.162mnop	23.12±1.06mnop
早6 E6	217.87± 6.00efghij	103.73±1.68 ghijklm	66.47±2.00 klmno	7.67±0.46 cdefgh	2.07±0.12 ijklm	84.40±1.59 ghijklmnop	251.53± 12.59 bcdefghi	12.13±1.79 hijklmno	19.28±1.22 cdefghi	3.825±0.236jklmnop	26.33±0.90 fghijklmn
早7 E7	233.63± 2.93a	105.80±4.34 efghijk	72.70±1.95 cdefghijk	7.07±0.31 efgh	4.07±0.23cd	86.27±2.41 efghijklmno	260.53± 5.56 bcdefg	29.33±4.80 cde	17.87±0.65 fghij	4.281±0.295 fghijkl	29.31±0.83 cdefg
早8 E8	225.47± 3.82cdef	125.57±1.99a	63.13±2.19 o	6.87±0.50 efgh	2.80±0.20 fghi	88.87±6.47 defghijklm	229.33± 9.98 ghijklmno	17.93±3.92 fghi	19.47±1.30 bcdefghi	3.321±0.122p	19.76±1.55 q
早9 E9	219.87± 2.32efghij	97.53±3.89 mnopq	70.33±0.23 defghijklmn	7.53±0.58 cdefgh	4.53±0.23c	80.53±0.46 klmnopqr	256.60± 10.49 bcdefgh	31.67±5.49 cd	19.97±0.37 bcdefg	3.731±0.153lmnop	27.52±0.80 efghijk
早10 E10	216.92± 1.99ghijk	91.67±0.83 qr	66.10±1.67 klmno	8.73±0.31bc	5.60±0.35b	74.73±1.47 qr	282.73± 16.72b	49.40±5.70 b	17.73±0.31 fghij	3.994±0.141ijklmno	28.63±0.61 cdefghi
早11 E11	230.87± 3.36abc	107.87±2.83 defghi	73.87±1.40 bcdefgh	7.07±0.42 efgh	1.73±0.31 klmn	89.73±4.28 defghijkl	229.07± 4.39 ghijklmno	12.47±4.91 hijklmn	17.51±0.84 fghijk	3.959±0.069ijklmno	26.42±1.09 fghijklm
早12 E12	221.10± 1.91defghi	108.17±2.29 defghi	70.20±2.07 defghijklmn	7.33±0.31 cdefgh	1.00±0.17 nopq	86.07±4.69 efghijklmno	245.00± 17.44 defghijkl	8.53±1.94 ijklmno	19.53±1.03 bcdefgh	3.642±0.246mnop	23.92±0.45 lmnop
晚1 L1	224.00± 3.17defgh	119.47±2.31b	65.27±2.30mno	6.93±0.31 efgh	0.40±0.10 pqr	102.20±4.21a	250.20± 6.88 bcdefghij	1.07±0.70 no	21.00±1.22 abcde	4.436±0.447efghi	28.41±1.18 cdefghi
晚2 L2	218.33± 2.25efghij	117.73±2.31bc	67.67±0.83 hijklmno	7.33±0.31 cdefgh	1.87±0.23 jklmn	87.20±7.07defghijklmno	260.27± 14.11 bcdefg	15.33±3.80 ghijk	17.27±1.21 fghijk	4.052±0.055 hijklmno	23.86±1.13 lmnop
晚3 L3	212.57± 2.57jklmn	95.13±3.41 nopqr	73.47±2.08 bcdefgh	6.33±0.42hi	0.07±0.12r	80.07±0.95 lmnopqr	207.07± 7.46nop	0.13±0.23 o	16.53±0.12 ijk	5.013±0.109bcd	23.98±1.30 lmnop
晚4 L4	227.67± 3.10bcd	105.43±2.47 fghijkl	75.23±3.15 abcdef	7.20±0.20 defgh	2.73±0.42 fghij	91.93±3.72 cdefghi	262.87± 22.44 bcdefg	17.40±2.95 fghij	17.07±0.99 ghijk	3.546±0.14 1op	23.11±1.67 mnop
晚5 L5	213.87± 3.30ijklm	103.57±1.54 ghijklm	71.00±0.20 defghijklm	6.80±0.40 efgh	0.47±0.06 pqr	82.80±0.53 ijklmnopq	245.00± 3.98 defghijkl	3.67±0.58 klmno	16.60±0.14 hijk	4.980±0.023bcd	23.44±1.43 mnop
晚6 L6	213.53± 2.31ijklm	108.70±6.27 defgh	65.27±3.00mno	7.80±0.40 cdefgh	0.73±0.23 opqr	100.47±1.14ab	276.00± 19.26 bcdef	5.20±2.11 jklmno	14.93±0.48 k	4.577±0.077defgh	23.10±0.90 mnop
晚7 L7	213.73± 1.86ijklm	97.47±1.55 mnopq	73.00±1.11 bcdefghi	7.20±0.20 defgh	3.00±0.20 efgh	82.33±2.01 jklmnopq	211.47± 7.22 lmnop	32.60±6.88 cd	18.47±0.72 defghi	4.198±0.103 ghijklm	25.30±1.48 ijklmno
晚8 L8	231.80± 1.22ab	113.47±3.93cd	70.67±1.70 defghijklm	7.20±0.35 defgh	2.47±0.38 ghijkl	89.87±1.21 defghijk	201.20± 7.08op	14.40±2.36 ghijklm	18.40±1.25 fghij	4.289±0.267 fghijkl	24.15±1.28 lmnop
晚9 L9	225.83± 3.25cde	91.63±2.84 qr	76.90±1.10 abcd	8.60±0.40bcd	3.33±0.12 efg	87.00±0.87 defghijklmno	280.60± 12.15bc	26.67±3.53 def	17.47±1.16 fghijk	4.116±0.220 hijklmn	28.48±1.19 cdefghi
晚10 L10	224.43± 0.93defg	109.73±0.64 defg	70.60±1.22 defghijklm	6.87±0.46 efgh	2.00±0.35 ijklm	87.40± 1.44 defghijklmn	198.87± 5.61op	13.73±2.47 ghijklm	21.13±1.29 abcd	4.102±0.070 hijklmno	28.24±0.66 defghi
晚11 L11	202.20± 1.59pqr	79.77±1.54 s	77.90±1.32 abc	5.27±0.50j	2.67±0.42 fghij	73.33±1.70 r	168.40± 11.98q	17.27±1.55 fghij	16.80±0.53 hijk	5.080±0.131bc	27.60±1.52 efghij
晚12 L12	205.57± 2.50nopqr	78.87±1.33 s	75.03±1.59 abcdef	7.73±0.23 cdefgh	3.33±0.12 efg	90.93±2.14 cdefghij	280.87± 11.92bc	30.80±3.70 cd	19.93±1.01 bcdefg	3.771±0.032lmnop	30.14±1.52 cde
晚13 L13	212.20± 1.64jklmn	101.40±2.46 hijklmn	72.23±1.10 cdefghijkl	6.93±0.64 efgh	1.67±0.42 lmn	91.60±0.60 cdefghij	203.73± 13.27op	10.07±4.84 hijklmno	18.27±0.64 fghij	4.378±0.246 fghijk	24.44±1.13 klmno
晚14 L14	213.53± 2.32ijklm	100.77±1.80 ijklmno	69.20±2.75 fghijklmno	6.47±0.42 fghi	0.67±0.12 opqr	80.20±3.90 lmnopqr	216.07± 12.41 jklmnop	3.07±1.68 lmno	17.47±0.46 fghijk	4.457±0.087 efghi	23.51±1.49 mnop
晚15 L15	207.60± 2.60 mnopq	88.10±2.33 r	74.67±3.33 abcdefg	7.40±0.20 cdefgh	2.40±0.20 hijkl	92.67±2.20 bcdefgh	265.87± 16.75 bcdef	11.73±3.93 hijklmno	17.47±0.69 fghijk	4.237±0.123 ghijkl	28.17±1.59 defghi
晚16 L16	208.60± 0.20l mnopq	90.27±2.70 r	71.30±2.87 defghijklm	8.00±0.80 cdef	2.47±0.31gh	95.20±3.34 abcde	308.40± 7.08a	14.93±4.56 ghijkl	18.07±1.17 fghij	4.224±0.088 ghijkl	28.47±1.34 cdefghi
晚17 L17	217.47± 0.99fghij	92.97±1.50 pqr	72.87±2.30 cdefghij	7.07±0.92 efgh	2.40±0.40 hijkl	94.40±0.87 abcdef	265.53± 3.42bcdef	15.73±1.01 ghijk	21.80±0.53 ab	3.762±0.110lmnop	31.54±1.12 bcd
晚18 L18	220.70± 0.95defghi	93.50±1.95 pqr	72.40±0.91 cdefghijkl	9.20±0.53b	4.40±0.80c	101.27±0.20a	250.73± 17.50 bcdefghij	39.07±8.02 c	19.20±1.25 cdefghi	3.791±0.055lmnop	30.39±1.15 cde
晚19 L19	222.33± 2.44defgh	113.67±1.21cd	68.47±3.70 fghijklmno	7.67±0.61 cdefgh	3.67±0.42de	78.07±1.62 nopqr	225.27± 15.28 hijklmnop	32.87±5.43 cd	18.60±0.60 efghi	3.616±0.152nop	23.23±1.02 mnop
晚20 L20	218.27± 2.34efghij	98.47±1.53 lmnopq	71.10±2.77 defghijklm	7.33±0.31 cdefgh	2.60±0.72 ghijk	88.27±3.72 defghijklm	189.47± 16.32p	20.47±0.42 efgh	18.13±0.31 fghij	4.165±0.059hijklmn	24.76±1.41 jklmno
晚21 L21	216.13± 0.83hijkl	98.60±0.72 klmnopq	69.60±3.36 efghijklmn	6.67±0.31 efghi	1.47±0.31 mno	80.13±2.02 lmnopqr	230.60± 7.80 ghijklmno	14.53±4.61 ghijklm	21.53±1.10 abc	3.970±0.066ijklmno	28.26±1.09 defghi
晚22 L22	206.50± 1.85 mnopq	89.61±4.01 r	71.33±1.22 defghijklm	8.07±0.12cde	2.33±0.42 hijkl	83.80±3.41 hijklmnopq	277.80± 6.07bcde	17.13±2.72 fghij	16.73±0.76 hijk	4.175±0.105 ghijklmn	24.17±0.74 lmnop
晚23 L23	218.93± 1.10efghij	107.60±2.84 defghi	65.73±1.55 lmno	10.73±0.95a	3.20±0.52 efgh	83.60±1.80 hijklmnopq	242.73± 15.25 efghijklm	24.13±3.01 defg	17.93±0.95 fghij	4.129±0.140 hijklmn	25.90±0.96 ghijklmn
晚24 L24	221.27± 1.96defghi	107.90±2.72 defghi	68.57±2.36 fghijklmno	7.53±0.42 cdefgh	1.13±0.12 nop	81.00±2.80 klmnopqr	212.73± 13.39 klmnop	8.60±3.49 ijklmno	17.27±0.81 fghijk	4.109±0.126 hijklmno	23.61±1.18 mnop
晚25 L25	216.07± 1.80hijkl	100.73±2.12 ijklmno	73.07±2.32 bcdefghi	6.47±0.46 fghi	1.13±0.06 nop	95.07±4.69 abcde	213.80± 18.63 klmnop	5.47±1.63 jklmno	22.27±0.64 a	3.807±0.147klmnop	29.90±1.14 cde
晚26 L26	215.90± 1.14hijkl	116.53±2.00bc	63.20±3.08 o	6.60±0.53 efghi	1.00±0.20 nopq	83.47±2.86 hijklmnopq	201.40± 11.88op	7.73±3.67 ijklmno	18.00±1.25 fghij	3.775±0.377lmnop	20.88±1.30 pq
晚27 L27	209.00± 2.27lmnop	107.33±2.16 defghi	66.53±2.12 jklmno	6.60±0.35 efghi	0.73±0.23 opqr	95.80±3.46 abcd	241.47± 10.71 fghijklmn	5.67±1.15 jklmno	16.00±1.22 jk	5.550±0.407a	24.39±1.51 klmno
晚28 L28	199.73± 2.34r	78.70±3.40 s	70.50±1.73 defghijklm	7.13±0.70 efgh	6.40±0.40a	79.87±7.05 lmnopqr	220.80± 14.84 ijklmnop	57.80±13.42a	17.93±0.23 fghij	4.803±0.15 1cdef	31.72±1.11 bc
晚29 L29	184.20± 2.43s	90.53±1.70 r	73.10±2.69 bcdefghi	5.47±0.31ij	0.20±0.35qr	77.80±2.46 opqr	158.67± 12.78q	0.53±0.31 no	17.53±1.33 fghijk	4.581±0.163 defgh	23.41±1.93 mnop
晚30 L30	209.67± 1.96klmno	106.53±5.83 defghij	63.20±2.69 o	7.27±0.46 defgh	2.47±0.12 ghijkl	85.53±1.72 fghijklmno	209.13± 11.94 mnop	20.93±5.32 efgh	17.27±1.04 fghijk	4.729±0.223cdefg	23.50±0.63 mnop
晚31 L31	221.47± 1.10defghi	98.00±2.09 mnopq	80.13±0.81 a	6.40±0.53ghi	1.87±0.42 jklmn	100.80±4.39ab	224.53± 21.62 hijklmnop	5.67±3.06 jklmno	17.60±1.40 fghijk	4.395±0.059 fghij	28.60±1.19 cdefghi
晚32 L32	212.50± 3.41jklmn	101.47±2.89 hijklmn	76.17±3.40 abcde	6.67±0.61 efghi	3.07±0.12 efg	88.27±5.02 defghijklm	200.47± 6.90op	49.20±6.47 b	18.00±0.87 fghij	4.296±0.091 fghijkl	27.09±1.04 efghijkl
晚33 L33	216.20± 0.80hijkl	90.37±2.93 r	78.97±1.56 ab	6.27±0.76hi	0.80±0.10 opqr	85.20±1.44 fghijklmno	198.27± 9.99op	2.87±1.03 lmno	17.73±0.70 fghij	5.275±0.033ab	28.89±0.42 cdefgh
晚34 L34	218.07± 3.58efghij	99.60±3.42 jklmnop	71.60±2.09 defghijklm	7.07±0.58 efgh	0.53±0.15 pqr	95.60±2.95 abcd	202.07± 3.83op	2.53±0.99 mno	17.93±0.50 fghij	5.569±0.162a	29.70±1.10 cdef
晚35 L35	205.13± 4.70opqr	93.67±1.22 opqr	64.07±3.33 no	6.67±0.42 efghi	0.53±0.31 pqr	78.40±2.96 nopqr	216.20± 7.08 jklmnop	4.00±2.12 klmno	15.93±0.90 jk	4.515±0.038 defghi	22.33±1.16 op
晚36 L36	201.83± 1.31qr	94.63±1.93 nopqr	66.17±2.58 jklmno	7.00±0.20 efgh	1.73±0.31 klmn	75.53±3.30 pqr	195.80± 8.72op	8.20±2.25 ijklmno	19.20±0.92 cdefghi	4.569±0.093 defgh	25.75±1.54 hijklmno
晚37 L37	203.67± 3.41opqr	80.00±2.55 s	72.73±1.92 cdefghijk	7.93±0.46 cdefg	3.47±0.23 def	80.53±2.01 klmnopqr	247.33± 14.13 cdefghijk	36.53±5.94 c	20.00±0.35 bcdef	4.605±0.066 defgh	33.41±1.07 b
晚38 L38	199.40± 7.03r	76.80±1.11 s	78.20±1.93 abc	7.13±0.31 efgh	1.00±0.35 nopq	88.33±2.73 defghijklm	244.07± 10.65 defghijklm	5.53±3.06 jklmno	17.67±0.99 fghij	4.917±0.237bcde	29.16±1.86 cdefgh
同列不同小写字母表示不同油菜品种在0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column mean significant differences among different rape materials at 0.05 level.

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表2供试早熟(早)和晚熟(晚)油菜组合材料的产量因素归一化处理结果
Table2.Normalized results of yield factors for the tested early-maturing (E) and later-maturing (L) materials of rape

试验材料 Tested material	株高(x₁) Height	有效分枝部位(x₂) Effective branching position	主序长(x₃) Length of main inflorescence	有效分枝数 Effective branches		有效角果数 Effective pods			每角粒数 (x₉) Seeds per horn	千粒重(x₁₀) 1000-grain weight
试验材料 Tested material	株高(x₁) Height	有效分枝部位(x₂) Effective branching position	主序长(x₃) Length of main inflorescence	一次(x₄) Primary	二次(x₅) Second	主序(x₆) Main inflorescence	一次枝(x₇) Primary tiller	二次枝(x₈) Second tiller	每角粒数 (x₉) Seeds per horn	千粒重(x₁₀) 1000-grain weight
早1 E1	0.364	0.367	0.758	0.464	0.783	0.774	0.882	0.764	1.000	0.623
早2 E2	0.110	0.621	0.609	0.250	0.145	0.279	0.082	0.081	0.318	0.732
早3 E3	0.362	0.424	0.773	0.357	0.101	1.000	0.796	0.000	0.012	1.000
早4 E4	0.025	0.654	0.458	0.286	0.348	0.472	0.940	0.194	0.365	0.409
早5 E5	0.380	0.376	0.441	0.000	0.290	0.581	0.000	0.345	0.000	0.323
早6 E6	0.057	0.644	0.311	0.429	0.232	0.405	0.547	0.148	0.447	0.510
早7 E7	1.000	0.583	0.891	0.107	0.667	0.483	0.678	0.541	0.212	0.972
早8 E8	0.511	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.391	0.592	0.225	0.280	0.482	0.000
早9 E9	0.176	0.827	0.671	0.357	0.768	0.243	0.621	0.595	0.576	0.415
早10 E10	0.000	1.000	0.276	1.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	1.000	0.176	0.681
早11 E11	0.834	0.522	1.000	0.107	0.159	0.628	0.221	0.155	0.129	0.645
早12 E12	0.250	0.513	0.658	0.250	0.000	0.475	0.452	0.066	0.494	0.325
晚1L1	0.836	0.000	0.122	0.305	0.053	1.000	0.611	0.016	0.827	0.440
晚2 L2	0.717	0.041	0.264	0.378	0.284	0.480	0.679	0.264	0.318	0.250
晚3 L3	0.596	0.570	0.606	0.195	0.000	0.233	0.323	0.000	0.218	0.725
晚4 L4	0.913	0.329	0.711	0.354	0.421	0.644	0.696	0.299	0.291	0.000
晚5 L5	0.623	0.373	0.461	0.280	0.063	0.328	0.577	0.061	0.227	0.709
晚6 L6	0.616	0.252	0.122	0.463	0.105	0.940	0.784	0.088	0.000	0.509
晚7 L7	0.620	0.516	0.579	0.354	0.463	0.312	0.353	0.563	0.482	0.322
晚8 L8	1.000	0.141	0.441	0.354	0.379	0.573	0.284	0.247	0.473	0.367
晚9 L9	0.875	0.652	0.809	0.610	0.516	0.473	0.814	0.460	0.345	0.282
晚10 L10	0.845	0.228	0.437	0.293	0.305	0.487	0.268	0.236	0.845	0.275
晚11 L11	0.378	0.930	0.868	0.000	0.411	0.000	0.065	0.297	0.255	0.758
晚12 L12	0.449	0.952	0.699	0.451	0.516	0.610	0.816	0.532	0.682	0.111
晚13 L13	0.588	0.423	0.533	0.305	0.253	0.633	0.301	0.172	0.455	0.411
晚14 L14	0.616	0.438	0.354	0.220	0.095	0.238	0.383	0.051	0.345	0.450
晚15 L15	0.492	0.735	0.677	0.390	0.368	0.670	0.716	0.201	0.345	0.341
晚16 L16	0.513	0.684	0.478	0.500	0.379	0.758	1.000	0.257	0.427	0.335
晚17 L17	0.699	0.621	0.571	0.329	0.368	0.730	0.714	0.271	0.936	0.107
晚18 L18	0.767	0.609	0.543	0.720	0.684	0.968	0.615	0.675	0.582	0.121
晚19 L19	0.801	0.136	0.311	0.439	0.568	0.164	0.445	0.568	0.500	0.034
晚20 L20	0.716	0.492	0.467	0.378	0.400	0.517	0.206	0.353	0.436	0.306
晚21 L21	0.671	0.489	0.378	0.256	0.221	0.236	0.480	0.250	0.900	0.210
晚22 L22	0.468	0.700	0.480	0.512	0.358	0.363	0.796	0.295	0.245	0.311
晚23 L23	0.730	0.278	0.150	1.000	0.495	0.356	0.561	0.416	0.409	0.288
晚24 L24	0.779	0.271	0.317	0.415	0.168	0.266	0.361	0.147	0.318	0.278
晚25 L25	0.669	0.439	0.583	0.220	0.168	0.753	0.368	0.092	1.000	0.129
晚26 L26	0.666	0.069	0.000	0.244	0.147	0.351	0.285	0.132	0.418	0.113
晚27 L27	0.521	0.284	0.197	0.244	0.105	0.778	0.553	0.096	0.145	0.990
晚28 L28	0.326	0.955	0.431	0.341	1.000	0.226	0.415	1.000	0.409	0.621
晚29 L29	0.000	0.678	0.585	0.037	0.021	0.155	0.000	0.007	0.355	0.512
晚30 L30	0.535	0.303	0.000	0.366	0.379	0.423	0.337	0.361	0.318	0.585
晚31 L31	0.783	0.503	1.000	0.207	0.284	0.952	0.440	0.096	0.364	0.419
晚32 L32	0.595	0.422	0.766	0.256	0.474	0.517	0.279	0.851	0.418	0.371
晚33 L33	0.672	0.682	0.931	0.183	0.116	0.411	0.264	0.047	0.382	0.854
晚34 L34	0.711	0.466	0.496	0.329	0.074	0.771	0.290	0.042	0.409	1.000
晚35 L35	0.440	0.605	0.051	0.256	0.074	0.176	0.384	0.067	0.136	0.479
晚36 L36	0.370	0.582	0.175	0.317	0.263	0.076	0.248	0.140	0.582	0.506
晚37 L37	0.409	0.925	0.563	0.488	0.537	0.249	0.592	0.631	0.691	0.524
晚38 L38	0.319	1.000	0.886	0.341	0.147	0.520	0.570	0.094	0.373	0.678

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表3早晚熟油菜产量因素分析方法比较
Table3.Comparison of yield factors analysis methods of early-maturing and late-maturing rape materials

分析方法 Analysis method		材料类型 Material type	产量因素影响值Influence value of yield factor
分析方法 Analysis method		材料类型 Material type	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉	x₁₀
投影寻踪 Projection pursuit model		早熟 Early maturing	0.08	0.51	0.02	0.20	0.24	0.78	0.02	0.03	0.09	0.14
投影寻踪 Projection pursuit model		晚熟 Late maturing	0.04	0.34	0.18	0.16	0.23	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.73	0.43
灰色关联度 Grey correlation		早熟 Early maturing	3.34	3.19	3.37	3.39	2.35	3.30	3.35	2.11	3.31	3.56
灰色关联度 Grey correlation		晚熟 Late maturing	4.88	4.49	5.06	4.73	3.27	5.02	4.71	2.30	5.06	4.74
主成分分析 Principal component analysis	第1主成分 Principal component 1	早熟 Early maturing	-0.25	-0.38	-0.09	0.45	0.40	-0.33	0.35	0.40	0.13	0.09
	第2主成分 Principal component 2		0.36	-0.17	0.58	0.04	0.04	0.22	0.20	0.03	-0.20	0.61
	第3主成分 Principal component 3		0.35	0.41	0.04	-0.14	0.38	0.30	0.16	0.37	0.52	-0.16
	第4主成分 Principal component 4		-0.44	0.09	0.05	0.24	-0.30	0.43	0.44	-0.33	0.39	0.09
	第1主成分 Principal component 1	晚熟 Late maturing	0.27	0.04	0.00	0.45	0.44	0.20	0.35	0.40	0.22	-0.41
	第2主成分 Principal component 2		0.42	0.58	-0.34	0.05	-0.36	0.30	0.08	-0.37	0.03	-0.12
	第3主成分 Principal component 3		-0.01	-0.30	0.45	0.06	-0.17	0.56	0.48	-0.25	-0.14	0.22
	第4主成分 Principal component 4		0.21	-0.04	0.45	-0.40	-0.05	0.13	-0.29	-0.07	0.65	-0.25
投影寻踪中产量影响因素值指投影方向值, 灰色关联度中指关联度, 主成分分析中指主成分; x₁-x₁₀分别代表株高、有效分枝部位、主序长、一次有效分枝数、二次有效分枝数、主序角果数、一次枝有效角果数、二次枝有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重。The influence value refers to the projection direction value for the projection pursuit model, the correlation degree for the gray correlation degree, and the principal component for the principal component analysis. x₁-x₁₀ represent plant height, effective branching position, main sequence length, primary effective branching number, secondary effective branching number, effective pods number of the main sequence, primary effective pods number, secondary effective pods number, seed number per horn, and 1000-grain weight, respectively.

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