密度对沿淮晚播小麦产量形成及品质性状的影响

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邵庆勤^{1, 2,},
闫素辉¹,
张从宇¹,
任兰天¹,
许峰¹,
李文阳^1,,
1.安徽科技学院农学院凤阳 233100
2.南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室南京 210095
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFD0300408
国家星火计划项目2015GA710018
国家科技支撑计划项目2011BAD16B06

详细信息

作者简介:邵庆勤, 主要研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理生态研究。E-mail:shqqin@163.com

通讯作者:李文阳, 主要研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理生态。E-mail:liwy@ahstu.edu.cn

中图分类号:S512.1;S311

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出版历程

收稿日期:2018-04-12
录用日期:2018-06-15
刊出日期:2018-09-01

Effect of planting density on yield and quality of later-sown winter wheat along Huaihe River

SHAO Qingqin^{1, 2,},
YAN Suhui¹,
ZHANG Congyu¹,
REN Lantian¹,
XU Feng¹,
LI Wenyang^1,,
1. College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
2. College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Project of China2016YFD0300408
the Spark Program of China2015GA710018
the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China2011BAD16B06

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Corresponding author:LI Wenyang, E-mail: liwy@ahstu.edu.cn

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摘要
摘要:目前晚播小麦的面积不断增加，为明确沿淮地区晚播小麦的适宜种植密度，采用裂区试验设计，于2013-2015年在不同晚播条件下（11月5日、11月15日、11月25日），设置3个种植密度（300万株·hm^-2、450万株·hm^-2、600万株·hm^-2），分析种植密度对玉米茬晚播小麦产量形成及品质性状的影响。结果表明：播期推迟导致小麦生育期滞后，主要影响拔节期前营养生长期的长短；密度对生育进程无显著影响。随播期推迟，小麦开花期和成熟期的干物质积累量下降，花前贮存同化物的转运量和花后同化物的积累量下降，花后同化物对籽粒贡献率明显增加；穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均有所下降，进而产量显著下降；蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值上升。播期对分蘖穗干物质积累与运转及产量构成因素的影响均大于主茎穗。与11月5日播期相比，11月25日播期下开花期干物质积累量、成熟期营养器官积累量、籽粒干重、花前营养器官贮存同化物的转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率在主茎穗中分别下降13.37%、9.96%、9.04%、25.37%和17.07%，在分蘖穗中分别下降55.71%、54.34%、51.80%、59.70%和22.70%。同一播期条件下，随着种植密度的增加，小麦开花期和成熟期的干物质积累量上升，花前贮存同化物的转运量减少，花后同化物的积累量及其对籽粒贡献率增加；穗数增加，千粒重降低；蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量上升，沉淀值下降。与主茎穗相比，密度对分蘖穗干物质积累与运转及产量构成因素的影响更大。与300万株·hm^-2密度相比，600万株·hm^-2密度下单穗粒重、穗粒数和千粒重在主茎穗中分别下降17.90%、13.60%和4.76%，在分蘖穗中分别下降20.17%、14.46%和6.23%。可见，适当增加密度有利于增加晚播小麦产量并改善晚播小麦品质性状，本研究中11月15日、11月25日两晚播条件下适宜密度分别为450万株·hm^-2、600万株·hm^-2。
关键词:冬小麦/
种植密度/
播期/
籽粒产量/
品质
Abstract:The area under later-sown winter wheat has since been increasing. To determine suitable planting density of later-sown winter wheat along the Huaihe River, we designed a split-plot field experiment including three later sowing dates (November 5, November 15 and November 25) and three planting densities (3×10⁶, 4.5×10⁶, and 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2) for the 2013-2015 growing seasons. The yield and quality of winter wheat were investigated. The results showed that delay in sowing winter wheat shortened the growth stage of winter wheat, mainly affecting the length of vegetative period before jointing, but with little effect on the overall growth process. With delayed sowing date, dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity decreased, and translocation of dry matter in vegetative organs before anthesis along with the contribution of dry matter after anthesis decreased. At the same time, the contribution rate of dry matter after anthesis increased significantly. However, spike number, grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight all decreased, which caused significant reduction in yield. Moreover, protein, wet gluten contents and zeleny increased with delay of sowing date. Sowing date had more effect on dry matter accumulation and translocation in tiller stem spikes than on main stem spikes. Compared with November 5 sowing date, the November 25 sowing date decreased dry matter accumulation at anthesis, vegetative organ dry matter accumulation at maturity, grain dry weight, translocation of dry matter and its' contribution to grain of vegetative organs assimilate before anthesis respectively by 13.37%, 9.96%, 9.04%, 25.37% and 17.07% for main stem spikes; and respectively by 55.71%, 54.34%, 51.80%, 59.70% and 22.70% for tiller stem spikes. For the same sowing date, dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity increased with increasing planting density. Then translocation of dry matter in vegetative organ before anthesis decreased with increasing planting density. These conditions increased dry matter contribution to the related processes after anthesis. Also with increasing planting density, spike number increased, grain number per spike decreased, protein and wet gluten contents increased, but zeleny decreased. Compared with main stem spikes, planting density had more effect on dry matter accumulation and translocation of tiller stem spikes. Then compared with planting density of 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2, 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2 decreased grain weight per spike, grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight respectively by 17.90%, 13.60% and 4.76% in main stem spikes, and by 20.17%, 14.46% and 6.23% in tiller stem spikes. In conclusion, the rational increase in planting density increased yield and improved quality of later-sown winter wheat. Finally, our results showed that the best planting densities of later-sown winter wheat were 4.5×10⁶ and 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2 for sowing dates of November 15 and November 25, respectively.
Key words:Winter wheat/
Planting density/
Sowing date/
Grain yield/
Quality

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表1播期和密度对晚播冬小麦生育进程的影响(2014-2015年)
Table1.Effects of sowing date and density on growth processes of various growing stages of later-sown winter wheat in 2014-2015

播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	出苗期 (月-日) Seedling stage (month-day)	三叶期 (月-日) Three-leaf stage (month-day)	拔节期 (月-日) Jointing stage (month-day)	抽穗期 (月-日) Heading stage (month-day)	开花期(月-日) Flowering stage (month-day)	成熟期(月-日) Mature period (month-day)	全生育期 Whole growth period (d)
S1	D1	11-12	12-03	03-09	04-11	04-15	05-31	207
	D2	11-12	12-03	03-09	04-11	04-15	05-31	207
	D3	11-12	12-03	03-09	04-11	04-15	05-31	207
S2	D1	12-02	01-10	03-12	04-17	04-21	06-02	199
	D2	12-02	01-10	03-12	04-17	04-21	06-02	199
	D3	12-02	01-10	03-12	04-17	04-21	06-02	199
S3	D1	12-23	01-30	03-16	04-21	04-24	06-04	191
	D2	12-23	01-30	03-16	04-21	04-24	06-04	191
	D3	12-23	01-30	03-16	04-21	04-24	06-04	191
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2.

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表2播期和密度对晚播冬小麦干物质积累的影响(2013-2015年)
Table2.Effects of sowing date and density on dry matter accumulation of later-sown winter wheat in 2013-2015

播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	2013-2014			2014-2015
播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	开花期干重 Biomass at anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期营养器官干重 Vegetative organs biomass at maturity (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒干重 Grain weight (kg·hm^-2)	开花期干重 Biomass at anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期营养器官干重 Vegetative organs biomass at maturity (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒干重 Grain weight (kg·hm^-2)
S1	D1	11 848±36	8 692±273	8 309±158	11 872±287	8 765±430	8 305±92
	D2	11 922±140	9 005±129	8 294±248	12 283±278	9 435±690	8 259±76
	D3	12 034±297	9 440±221	8 189±97	12 751±225	10 239±285	8 027±331
S2	D1	10 304±194	7 686±221	7 280±257	10 109±490	7 700±230	6 815±540
	D2	11 215±180	8 639±207	7 684±231	11 651±92	9 123±285	7 636±82
	D3	11 564±237	9 253±208	7 546±99	11 739±318	9 517±147	7 495±148
S3	D1	9 622±336	7 523±480	6 177±396	8 504±525	6 473±126	6 207±348
	D2	9 879±141	7 891±463	6 660±215	9 656±573	7 773±605	6 507±38
	D3	10 841±497	9 049±561	7 200±155	10 224±121	8 563±244	6 977±486
F值 F value	S	525.28^**	9.66	195.67^**	62.23^**	23.75^**	37.89^**
	D	20.72^**	35.8^**	6.43^*	60.39^**	89.41^**	6.65^*
	S × D	4.40^*	2.32	4.82^*	3.82^*	1.89	5.29^*
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表3播期和密度对晚播冬小麦主茎穗和分蘖穗干物质积累的影响(2014-2015年)
Table3.Effects of sowing date and density on dry matter accumulation in spike of main and tillering stems of later-sown winter wheat in 2014-2015

播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	主茎穗Spike of main stem			分蘖穗Spike of tillering stem
播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	开花期干重 Biomass at anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期营养器官干重 Vegetative organs biomass at maturity (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒干重 Grain weight (kg·hm^-2)	开花期干重 Biomass at anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期营养器官干重 Vegetative organs biomass at maturity (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒干重 Grain weight (kg·hm^-2)
S1	D1	7 092±277	5 333±170	4 594±84	4 780±153	3 432±188	3 711±89
	D2	9 463±246	7 269±401	6 272±126	2 820±151	2 165±67	1 986±179
	D3	11 880±359	9 535±578	7 462±98	871±72	704±77	565±322
S2	D1	6 814±107	5 243±281	4 327±150	3 294±156	2 457±502	2 488±394
	D2	9 562±181	7 551±439	5 988±189	2 089±89	1 572±221	1 648±108
	D3	11 302±308	9 168±226	7 178±107	436±79	349±87	317±48
S3	D1	5 943±122	4 541±284	4 176±28	2 562±89	1 932±325	2 031±332
	D2	8 533±430	6 883±341	5 576±255	1 123±67	890±290	931±245
	D3	10 157±121	8 508±241	6 920±408	67±2	55±3	57±2
F值 F value	S	48.13^**	5.06	63.28^**	279.1^**	28.03^**	23.01^**
	D	622.45^**	612.27^**	372.61^**	2 083.24^**	283.89^**	356.89^**
	S × D	2.05	1.77	0.38	43.54^**	4.17^*	9.21^**
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表4播期和密度对晚播冬小麦干物质运转的影响(2013-2015年)
Table4.Effects of sowing date and density on dry matter translocation of later-sown winter wheat in 2013-2015

年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	花前营养器官储存同化物 Dry matter in vegetative organs pre anthesis			花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis
年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	转运量 Translocation amount (kg·hm^-2)	转运率 Translocation rate (%)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain weight (%)	积累量 Accumulation amount (kg·hm^-2)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain weight (%)
2013-2014	S1	D1	3 156±129	26.64±1.04	37.99±2.16	5 153±331	62.01±2.16
		D2	2 917±80	24.46±0.39	35.23±0.47	5 378±155	64.77±0.47
		D3	2 595±204	21.55±1.41	31.50±0.62	5 594±119	68.50±0.62
	S2	D1	2 617±65	25.41±0.89	35.97±0.83	4 663±212	64.03±0.83
		D2	2 576±184	22.99±1.98	33.13±2.18	5 109±246	66.87±2.18
		D3	2 311±131	19.98±1.01	30.63±1.72	5 235±152	69.37±1.72
	S3	D1	2 098±49	21.84±1.24	33.63±1.36	4 078±101	66.37±1.36
		D2	1 988±120	20.12±0.98	29.88±1.53	4 672±63	70.12±1.53
		D3	1 792±73	16.57±1.24	24.93±0.70	5 407±66	75.07±0.70
	F值 F value	S	54.23^**	20.75^**	25.39^**	48.18^**	25.39^**
		D	38.9^**	60.73^**	49.72^**	32.5^**	49.72^**
		S × D	1.95	0.13	1.11	4.39^*	1.11
2014-2015	S1	D1	3 107±80	26.19±1.20	37.45±1.82	5 198±135	62.55±1.82
		D2	2 848±50	23.19±0.52	34.44±3.28	5 411±179	65.56±3.28
		D3	2 512±168	19.71±1.37	31.63±2.48	5 515±231	68.37±2.48
	S2	D1	2 409±62	23.85±0.56	35.31±1.72	4 406±317	64.69±1.72
		D2	2 528±100	21.70±0.81	33.12±0.17	5 107±334	66.88±0.17
		D3	2 221±77	18.92±0.17	29.61±3.15	5 274±170	70.39±3.15
	S3	D1	2 032±47	23.95±1.46	32.78±3.87	4 175±379	67.22±3.87
		D2	1 883±103	19.59±2.21	28.96±2.28	4 623±343	71.04±2.28
		D3	1 660±29	16.24±0.43	23.48±0.76	5 316±188	76.52±0.76
	F值 F value	S	550.97^**	14.84^*	23.21^**	12.82^*	23.21^**
		D	41.04^**	92.3^**	21.05^**	18.76^**	21.05^**
		S × D	4.70^*	1.68	0.65	2.34	0.65
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表5播期和密度对晚播冬小麦主茎穗和分蘖穗干物质运转的影响(2014-2015年)
Table5.Effects of sowing date and density on dry matter translocation in spikes of main and tillering stems of later-sown winter wheat in 2014-2015

类别 Category	播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	花前营养器官储存同化物 Dry matter in vegetative organs pre anthesis			花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis
类别 Category	播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	转运量 Translocation Amount (kg·hm^-2)	转运率 Translocation Rate (%)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain weight (%)	积累量 Accumulation Amount (kg·hm^-2)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate to grain weight (%)
主茎穗 Spike of main stem	S1	D1	1 759±142	24.78±1.28	38.33±3.78	2 835±222	61.67±3.78
		D2	2 194±46	23.19±0.37	34.99±1.29	4 078±194	65.01±1.29
		D3	2 345±143	19.76±1.6	31.42±1.5	5 116±45	68.58±1.50
	S2	D1	1 572±67	23.07±1.18	36.32±0.51	2 755±112	63.68±0.51
		D2	2 011±92	21.02±0.69	33.59±1.65	3 977±255	66.41±1.65
		D3	2 134±257	18.86±1.97	29.70±3.16	5 044±158	70.30±3.16
	S3	D1	1 402±247	23.60±1.00	33.56±0.61	2 774±233	66.44±0.61
		D2	1 650±342	19.29±1.34	29.54±1.99	3 925±300	70.46±1.99
		D3	1 649±230	16.24±2.38	23.76±2.14	5 271±60	76.24±2.14
	F值 F value	S	66.01^**	9.70^*	21.25^**	1.40	21.25^**
		D	11.16^**	35.17^**	33.82^**	246.27^**	33.82^**
		S × D	0.55	1.34	0.61	0.46	0.61
分蘖穗 Spike oftillering stem	S1	D1	1 348±110	28.27±1.35	36.36±0.98	2 363±76	63.64±0.98
		D2	654±33	23.22±0.96	32.93±0.60	1 332±205	67.07±0.60
		D3	167±90	18.66±0.64	30.23±1.89	398±59	69.77±1.89
	S2	D1	837±21	25.47±1.89	34.21±0.09	1 651±185	65.79±0.09
		D2	518±144	24.97±0.94	31.89±0.97	1 130±252	68.11±0.97
		D3	87±24	20.57±0.14	28.32±1.91	230±62	71.68±1.91
	S3	D1	630±136	24.65±0.34	30.83±1.88	1 401±197	69.17±1.88
		D2	233±43	20.71±0.44	25.44±0.35	698±53	74.56±0.35
		D3	12±1	17.49±1.09	20.64±1.63	45±1	79.36±1.63
	F值 F value	S	42.35^**	30.37^**	102.67^**	32.39^**	102.67^**
		D	232.82^**	105.68^**	56.79^**	417.61^**	56.79^**
		S × D	10.37^**	5.24^*	2.16	7.50^**	2.16
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表6播期和密度对晚播冬小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响(2013-2015年)
Table6.Effects of sowing date and density on yields and yield components of later-sown winter wheat in 2013-2015

播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	2013-2014				2014-2015
播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 Thousandgrains weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 Thousand grains weight (g)
S1	D1	7 176±213	617.2±6.01	29.62±0.52	50.47±0.14	7 142±64	620.3±7.9	32.22±0.16	46.12±0.12
	D2	7 084±200	635.2±9.25	29.65±0.16	48.87±0.49	7 103±44	640.8±16.2	32.84±0.25	44.92±0.47
	D3	6 831±105	660.5±4.36	29.01±0.38	47.47±0.38	6 903±189	662.7±35.6	32.28±0.88	44.54±0.24
S2	D1	6 155±272	565.2±21.01	28.57±0.12	50.07±0.51	5 861±298	537.0±37.3	30.30±0.58	45.32±0.04
	D2	6 664±74	618.2±8.89	28.48±0.31	48.45±0.39	6 567±142	618.9±11.5	30.90±0.73	44.29±0.23
	D3	6 515±110	635.5±12.68	28.11±0.47	46.93±0.83	6 446±157	637.4±6.1	30.98±0.41	43.76±0.08
S3	D1	5 309±191	503.8±37.10	27.38±0.53	49.73±0.43	5 328±201	503.2±32.9	27.41±0.83	44.91±0.10
	D2	5 670±197	555.7±19.47	28.09±0.31	47.40±0.51	5 596±128	550.1±26.0	29.46±1.27	43.88±0.31
	D3	5 865±436	615.8±14.84	27.95±0.33	46.47±0.66	6 000±274	606.9±9.6	29.48±1.57	43.34±0.11
F值 F value	S	90.41^**	84.73^**	289.87^**	257.56^**	81.89^**	13.9^*	129.59^**	72.19^**
	D	4.15^*	40.16^**	1.75	65.52^**	12.5^**	47.22^**	3.49	101.42^**
	S × D	3.66^*	3.32^*	1.74	0.43	9.79^**	3.96^*	1.05	0.15
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表7播期和密度对晚播冬小麦主茎穗和分蘖穗产量构成因素的影响(2014-2015年)
Table7.Effects of sowing date and density on yield components in spikes of main and tillering stems of later-sown winter wheat in 2014-2015

播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	主茎穗Spike of main stem				分蘖穗Spike of tillering stem
播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	单穗粒重 Weight per spike (g)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 Thousand grains weight (g)	占总穗数比例 Ratio in total spike number (%)	单穗粒重 Weight per spike (g)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 Thousand grains weight (g)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	占总穗数比例 Ratio in total spike number (%)
S1	D1	1.70±0.03	36.53±0.49	46.57±0.42	48.37±0.62	1.29±0.02	28.18±0.30	45.69±0.17	320.28±7.90	51.63±0.62
	D2	1.55±0.03	34.01±0.26	45.54±0.57	70.26±1.75	1.16±0.03	26.64±0.54	43.43±0.17	190.77±16.17	29.74±1.75
	D3	1.38±0.02	30.87±0.41	44.77±0.35	90.72±5.03	1.00±0.01	23.68±0.26	42.24±0.41	62.70±5.60	9.28±0.03
S2	D1	1.60±0.06	34.70±1.32	46.19±0.21	56.04±3.76	1.17±0.03	26.40±0.67	44.19±0.39	237.01±37.32	43.96±3.76
	D2	1.48±0.05	32.98±0.90	44.82±0.24	72.73±1.35	1.08±0.01	25.30±0.18	42.85±0.53	168.86±11.49	27.27±1.35
	D3	1.33±0.02	30.28±0.46	43.90±0.02	94.14±0.90	0.94±0.01	22.65±0.09	41.64±0.75	37.41±3.14	5.86±0.20
S3	D1	1.55±0.01	33.72±0.23	45.86±0.16	59.80±4.06	1.11±0.03	25.54±0.66	43.50±0.28	203.15±32.94	40.20±4.06
	D2	1.38±0.06	31.09±1.77	44.30±0.50	81.93±3.92	1.03±0.04	24.54±0.74	42.05±0.22	100.11±26.02	18.07±3.92
	D3	1.28±0.08	29.55±1.65	43.36±0.14	98.88±1.58	0.91±0.03	22.19±0.83	41.17±0.11	6.90±0.61	1.12±0.16
F值 F value	S	64.03^**	35.28^**	23.85^**	11.87^*	82.72^**	40.83^**	490.38^**	13.9^*	11.87^*
	D	74.83^**	39.66^**	106.84^**	750.33^**	189.71^**	122.43^**	78.74^**	327.48^**	750.33^**
	S × D	0.57	0.62	1.00	2.09	2.51	0.89	1.45	3.96^*	2.09
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表8播期和密度对晚播冬小麦品质性状的影响(2013-2015年)
Table8.Effects of sowing date and density on qualitative characters of later-sown winter wheat in 2013-2015

年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	面团形成时间 Dough development time (min)	面团稳定时间 Dough stability time (min)	沉淀值 Zeleny (mL)
2013-2014	S1	D1	15.18±0.04	31.15±0.12	4.10±0.10	9.87±0.15	33.03±0.55
		D2	15.43±0.23	31.86±0.48	4.07±0.21	10.03±0.21	32.70±0.40
		D3	15.53±0.06	31.90±0.17	4.03±0.25	9.97±0.59	30.60±0.62
	S2	D1	15.73±0.18	32.72±0.17	4.40±0.10	10.27±0.46	37.33±0.76
		D2	15.86±0.09	32.85±0.23	4.30±0.10	10.27±0.32	36.40±1.68
		D3	16.21±0.62	33.71±1.23	4.23±0.21	10.47±0.15	34.33±0.67
	S3	D1	15.91±0.31	33.32±0.43	4.33±0.12	10.10±0.40	40.00±0.10
		D2	15.86±0.18	33.17±0.42	4.23±0.15	10.27±0.40	39.17±0.31
		D3	15.99±0.43	33.53±0.88	4.17±0.21	10.33±0.32	37.73±1.40
	F值 F value	S	15.89^*	33.11^**	1.89	1.39	282.19^**
		D	3.94^*	8.32^**	3.25	0.74	18.05^**
		S × D	0.37	0.60	0.21	0.16	0.22
2014-2015	S1	D1	14.30±0.17	28.07±0.27	3.27±0.05	8.91±0.13	34.06±0.42
		D2	14.61±0.49	28.55±0.04	3.11±0.42	9.03±0.26	32.13±0.87
		D3	14.96±0.36	29.19±0.40	3.06±0.35	9.09±0.52	31.18±0.17
	S2	D1	14.39±0.26	28.66±0.47	3.37±0.11	9.23±0.48	35.29±0.19
		D2	14.68±0.23	28.97±0.31	3.25±0.16	9.44±0.73	32.76±1.25
		D3	15.03±0.20	29.39±0.44	3.13±0.31	9.25±0.49	31.51±0.40
	S3	D1	15.12±0.16	29.82±0.07	3.27±0.41	8.59±0.78	36.79±0.33
		D2	15.22±0.14	29.74±0.60	3.27±0.22	9.22±0.35	33.93±0.38
		D3	15.36±0.19	30.56±0.07	3.16±0.30	8.37±0.69	32.92±0.85
	F值 F value	S	13.01^*	40.16^**	0.19	2.55	38.48^**
		D	5.05^*	12.93^**	1.44	0.97	60.90^**
		S × D	0.36	0.62	0.12	0.50	0.56
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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表9播期和密度对晚播冬小麦主茎穗和分蘖穗品质性状的影响(2014-2015年)
Table9.Effects of sowing date and density on qualitative characters in spike of main and tillering stems of later-sown winter wheat in 2014-2015

类别 Category	播期 Sowing date	密度 Density	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	面团形成时间 Dough development time (min)	面团稳定时间 Dough stability time (min)	沉淀值 Zeleny (mL)
主茎穗 Spike of main stem	S1	D1	14.26±0.33	27.85±0.45	3.17±0.15	9.17±0.25	32.98±0.61
		D2	14.56±0.56	28.38±0.07	3.10±0.46	8.90±0.40	31.39±0.97
		D3	14.95±0.38	29.11±0.49	3.07±0.38	9.10±0.46	31.05±0.10
	S2	D1	14.31±0.21	28.50±0.14	3.33±0.06	9.33±1.10	34.11±0.52
		D2	14.56±0.36	28.71±0.33	3.20±0.20	9.30±0.85	31.90±1.62
		D3	15.02±0.22	29.33±0.45	3.13±0.32	9.27±0.51	31.39±0.39
	S3	D1	15.11±0.19	30.19±0.04	3.20±0.50	8.57±0.97	36.15±0.43
		D2	15.19±0.15	29.73±0.73	3.27±0.23	9.30±0.53	33.49±0.34
		D3	15.36±0.19	30.56±0.07	3.17±0.31	8.37±0.71	32.92±0.84
	F值 F value	S	19.15^**	54.18^**	0.29	1.61	33.89^**
		D	6.93^**	10.90^**	0.34	0.26	27.99^**
		S × D	0.52	1.41	0.11	0.57	0.59
分蘖穗 Spike of tillering stem	S1	D1	14.34±0.06	28.28±0.24	3.37±0.06	8.67±0.25	35.08±0.35
		D2	14.72±0.31	28.98±0.30	3.13±0.51	9.37±0.15	33.89±0.55
		D3	15.16±0.08	29.60±0.41	3.00±0.35	9.03±0.96	32.36±0.26
	S2	D1	14.49±0.37	28.82±0.99	3.40±0.30	9.17±0.31	36.83±0.43
		D2	15.01±0.20	29.67±0.27	3.40±0.17	9.83±0.46	35.08±0.26
		D3	15.27±0.17	30.36±0.51	3.17±0.15	9.07±0.21	33.49±0.78
	S3	D1	15.15±0.12	29.26±0.11	3.37±0.31	8.70±1.51	37.74±0.45
		D2	15.38±0.09	29.71±0.49	3.27±0.21	8.87±0.40	35.98±0.10
		D3	15.76±0.07	30.73±0.46	3.10±0.35	8.63±0.12	33.55±0.20
	F值 F value	S	44.17^**	13.44^**	0.34	1.40	250.70^**
		D	45.37^**	14.78^**	2.52	1.72	140.32^**
		S × D	0.71	0.15	0.14	0.29	2.43
??S1: 11月5日播种; S2: 11月15日播种; S3: 11月25日播种。D1:密度为300万株·hm^-2; D2:密度为450万株·hm^-2; D3:密度为600万株·hm^-2。和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平影响显著。S1: sowing date was November 5^th; S2: sowing date was November 15^th; S3: sowing date was November 25^th. D1: sowing density was 3×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D2: sowing density was 4.5×10⁶ plants·hm^-2; D3: sowing density was 6×10⁶ plants·hm^-2. and ** mean significant effects at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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