基于土地利用格局变化的生态风险与固碳功能评价——以河北省黄骅市为例

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刘建华^1,,
许皞^{1, 2,,},
王耀³,
李航²,
沈文东²
1.河北农业大学国土资源学院保定 071000
2.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院保定 071000
3.河北农业大学商学院保定 071000
基金项目: 河北省社会科学基金HB16YJ060
河北省社会科学发展研究课题201603120411

详细信息

作者简介:刘建华, 研究方向为土地资源利用与规划。E-mail:liu_jianhua1@163.com

通讯作者:许皞, 研究方向为土壤学与土地资源可持续利用。E-mail:xuhao22003@126.com

中图分类号:S156.4

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-10-31
录用日期:2018-04-12
刊出日期:2018-08-01

Evaluation of ecological risk and carbon fixation from land use change: A case study of Huanghua City, Hebei ProvinceE

LIU Jianhua^1,,
XU Hao^{1, 2,,},
WANG Yao³,
LI Hang²,
SHEN Wendong²
1. College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
2. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
3. College of Business Studies, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Funds: the Social Science Fund of Hebei Province, ChinaHB16YJ060
the Hebei Province Social Development Research Project201603120411

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Corresponding author:XU Hao, E-mail:xuhao22003@126.com

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摘要
摘要:土地利用格局的变化会引起区域生态风险和固碳功能的变化。本文以河北省黄骅市为例，以1995年、2005年和2015年遥感影像为基础数据，基于土地利用格局变化构建生态风险指数，利用InVEST模型分析碳储量服务变化，并对二者进行相关性分析，以期为土地资源的合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明：1）1995-2015年，黄骅市主要土地利用类型为耕地、盐碱地和建设用地，对比2015年和1995年的结果发现，耕地、草地和建设用地破碎度和分离度增加，园地和盐碱地分离度和破碎度降低；园地和盐碱地损失度指数降低，而其他土地利用类型损失度指数增加。2）1995年、2005年和2015年黄骅市生态风险总和分别为12.58、10.32和11.10，生态风险区以较低风险区和高风险区为主，较低风险区面积逐渐增加且向南部集中，高风险区面积逐渐减少且向中部和东部海岸带集中。3）InVEST模拟结果表明，研究期间黄骅市碳储量呈现先上升后下降的趋势，1995年、2005年和2015年黄骅市的碳储量分别为2 387.05万t、2 491.51万t和2 028.86万t，3年的碳密度分别为107.63 t·hm^-2、112.34 t·hm^-2和93.16 t·hm^-2，各土地利用类型碳储量的变化情况与各自面积的变化情况有较高的一致性。4）生态风险变化与碳储量服务变化的相关性分析结果表明，1995—2005年和2005—2015年二者相关性的决定系数分别为0.69和0.72（P < 0.01），呈显著负相关关系，表明生态系统服务变化在生态风险评价中应用的可能。基于土地利用格局变化对黄骅市生态风险和碳储量进行评价，对于其实现土地资源可持续利用和区域生态环境改善具有重要意义。
关键词:土地利用格局/
生态风险/
碳储量/
生态系统服务/
InVEST模型
Abstract:The rapid development of social economy has had a profound impact on the change of land use pattern. Ecological risk assessment had played an important role in controlling ecological risk and realizing sustainable development. Changes in land use pattern will exert an effect on regional ecological risk and carbon sequestration. Combined evaluation of ecological service value and ecological risk assessment has become the new mode of studying ecological problems. This paper used Huanghua City in Hebei Province, China as a case study and remote sensing images for 1995, 2005 and 2015 as the basic data to analyze this pattern change. While ecological risk index was constructed based on the pattern of change in land use, InVEST was used to analyze the change in carbon storage. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between changes in ecological risk and carbon stock. The purpose of the study was to determine rational utilization of land resources for healthy development of ecological environment. The results showed that:1) cultivated land, saline land and construction land were the main land use patterns in Huanghua during 1995-2015. Compared 2015 with 1995, the degrees of fragmentation and separation in cultivated land, grassland and construction land increased, while the separation and fragmentation of garden plot and saline land decreased. While the loss index of garden plot and the saline land reduced, that of other land use types increased. 2) Total ecological risks of Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015 were 12.58, 10.32 and 11.10, respectively. During the study period, low risk and high risk area constituted the main risk areas. The area of the low risk gradually increased and was concentrated in the south. Then the area of high risk gradually decreased and was concentrated in the central and eastern coastal zones. 3) According to InVEST simulation results, the carbon storage in Huanghua City increased and then decreased eventually. In 1995, 2005 and 2015, total carbon storages in Huanghua were 23.870 5 million tons, 24.915 1 million tons and 20.288 6 million tons, with respective carbon densities of 107.63 t·hm^-2, 112.34 t·hm^-2 and 93.16 t·hm^-2. Change in carbon storage under each land use pattern was more consistent with change in the corresponding land area. 4) Correlation between changes in ecological risk and carbon stock was significant. The determinants of the correlation between changes in ecological risk and carbon stock in 1995-2005 and 2005-2015 were 0.69 and 0.72 (P < 0.01), showing a significant negative correlation. It suggested that ecological risk assessment and ecosystem services valuation were concurrently assessable. This was one of the innovative points of the research. The assessment of ecological risk and carbon storage in Huanghua using change in land use pattern was important for the realization of sustainable utilization of land resources and improvements in regional ecological environment.
Key words:Land use pattern/
Ecological risk/
Carbon storage/
Ecological system services/
InVEST model

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图11995—2015年黄骅市土地利用类型空间分布图
Figure1.Spatial distribution maps of land use types of Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015

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图21995—2015年黄骅市生态风险等级的空间分布特征
Figure2.Spatial distribution maps of ecological risk grades of Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015

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图31995—2015年黄骅市生态风险等级面积比例
Figure3.Area proportions of different ecological risk grades of Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015

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图41995—2005年(a)和2005—2015年(b)生态风险变化与碳储量变化关系
Figure4.Relationship between ecological risk change and carbon storage change in 1995-2005 (a) and 2005-2015 (b)

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表1黄骅市不同土地利用类型碳密度参数
Table1.Carbon density parameters of different land use types in Huanghua City

t?hm^-2
土地利用类型 Land use type	地上部分碳 Aboveground carbon	地下部分碳 Underground partial carbon	土壤碳 Soil carbon	死亡有机碳 Death organic carbon
耕地Cultivated land	3.59	0.68	90.56	0.72
园地Garden plot	2.00	0.10	112.80	0.18
草地Grassland	2.25	11.70	101.27	0.45
建设用地Construction land	0.83	0.08	43.71	0.00
盐田Salt field	0.00	0.00	13.50	0.00
湿地Wetland	4.50	0.67	87.47	0.00
盐碱地Saline land	0.00	0.00	25.30	0.00
水域Waters	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
地上部分碳密度、地下部分碳密度和土壤碳密度参考李克让等^[18]的研究; 死亡有机碳密度参考汤洁等^[20]研究。Aboveground carbon density, underground carbon density and soil carbon density refer to the study of LI Kerang, et al^[18]; Death organic carbon refers to the study of TANG Jie, et al^[20].

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表21995—2015年黄骅市不同土地类型面积统计
Table2.Areas of different land use types in Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015

土地利用类型 Land use type	1995		2005		2015
土地利用类型 Land use type	面积 Area (km²)	比例 Proportion (%)	面积 Area (km²)	比例 Proportion (%)	面积 Area (km²)	比例 Proportion (%)
耕地Cultivated land	802.24	36.84	793.11	36.42	780.82	35.85
园地Garden plot	52.08	2.43	53.74	2.47	54.26	2.49
草地Grassland	56.71	2.60	54.39	2.50	50.68	2.33
建设用地Construction land	388.19	17.82	394.46	18.11	418.61	19.22
盐田Salt field	131.12	6.02	155.2	7.13	170.03	7.81
湿地Wetland	115.81	5.32	103.08	4.73	91.51	4.20
盐碱地Saline land	492.17	22.60	481.38	22.10	470.16	21.59
水域Waters	138.77	6.37	142.48	6.54	141.76	6.51
总计Total	2 177.83	100.00	2 177.83	100.00	2 177.83	100.00

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表31995—2015年黄骅市不同土地利用类型的景观格局指数的变化
Table3.Changes of landscape pattern indexes of different land use types of Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015

景观格局指数 Landscape pattern index	年份 Year	耕地 Cultivated land	园地 Garden plot	草地 Grassland	建设用地 Land used for building	盐田 Salt field	湿地 Wetland	盐碱地 Saline land	水域 Waters
斑块数 Patch number	1995	1 653	67	219	252	26	3	1 206	100
	2005	1 975	67	71	434	29	6	698	98
	2015	2 319	14	228	703	37	6	635	157
破碎度 Fragmentation	1995	2.06	1.29	3.86	0.65	0.20	0.03	2.45	0.72
	2005	2.49	1.24	1.31	1.10	0.19	0.06	1.45	0.69
	2015	2.97	0.25	4.49	1.68	0.22	0.07	1.35	1.11
分离度 Separation	1995	1.18	3.67	6.09	0.95	0.91	0.37	1.64	1.68
	2005	1.29	3.66	3.47	1.25	0.97	0.50	1.25	1.67
	2015	1.40	1.65	6.21	1.59	1.08	0.51	1.19	2.11
优势度 Dominance	1995	0.71	0.03	0.09	0.11	0.01	0.001	0.52	0.04
	2005	0.45	0.02	0.02	0.16	0.05	0.03	0.22	0.05
	2015	0.44	0.02	0.04	0.18	0.05	0.03	0.19	0.05
干扰度 Interference	1995	1.21	1.14	2.42	0.44	0.28	0.08	1.32	1.32
	2005	1.23	1.11	1.10	0.66	0.28	0.13	0.80	0.80
	2015	1.39	0.42	2.61	0.91	0.31	0.14	0.74	0.78
损失度 Loss	1995	0.15	0.11	0.19	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.23	0.08
	2005	0.15	0.11	0.08	0.01	0.06	0.02	0.14	0.08
	2015	0.17	0.04	0.21	0.02	0.07	0.02	0.13	0.11

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表41995—2015年黄骅市不同土地利用类型碳储量和碳密度
Table4.Carbon storages and carbon densities of different land use types of Huanghua City in 1995, 2005 and 2015

土地利用类型 Land use type	碳储量Carbon storage (×10⁴ t)			碳密度Carbon density (t·km^-2)
土地利用类型 Land use type	1995	2005	2015	1995	2005	2015
耕地Cultivated land	889.41	947.02	715.58	11 086.64	11 940.63	9 164.45
园地Garden plot	305.06	306.21	248.94	58 573.98	56 979.27	45 879.31
草地Grassland	150.38	127.07	101.85	26 518.10	23 362.20	20 096.44
建设用地Construction land	309.36	355.29	311.63	7 969.34	9 006.98	7 444.47
盐田Salt field	133.20	162.70	147.30	10 158.43	10 482.96	8 662.90
湿地Wetland	100.73	80.97	97.39	8 698.17	7 855.46	10 642.04
盐碱地Saline land	498.89	512.25	406.18	10 136.61	10 641.37	8 639.14
水域Waters	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
总计Total	2 387.05	2 491.51	2 028.86

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