沈文东^1,,
许皞^{1, 2,,}
1.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院 保定 071000
2.河北农业大学国土资源学院 保定 071000
基金项目: 河北省社会基金项目HB16YJ060
河北农业大学社会科学基金项目SK201625

详细信息

作者简介:沈文东, 研究方向为土地资源利用与规划。E-mail:1335004941@qq.com

通讯作者:许皞, 研究方向为土地资源。E-mail:xuhao22003@126.com.cn

中图分类号:F301.24

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-07-14
录用日期:2017-11-08
刊出日期:2018-04-01

Study of ecological carrying capacity index based on three-dimension ecological footprint model-A case study of Hebei Province

SHEN Wendong^1,,
XU Hao^{1, 2,,}
1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
2. College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Funds: the Hebei Social Science FoundationHB16YJ060
the Social Science Foundation of Hebei Agricultural UniversitySK201625

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Corresponding author:XU Hao, E-mail:xuhao22003@126.com.cn

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摘要
摘要:河北省地理条件优越，经济发展迅速，但也面临着资源短缺，生态恶化等问题，可持续发展受到严重阻碍，为实现可持续发展，必须维持自身的自然资源存量。因此，测量河北省居民对自然资源的需求与自然所能够提供资源的差距有极其重要的意义。本文通过将Niccolucci三维生态足迹模型中足迹深度的取值范围从≥ 1扩展到≥ 0，运用统一的三维模型框架分析生态盈余状态，实现了人类生产生活中对资源流量和存量占用程度在核算上的统一，并得到了河北省2002-2016年的生态足迹、赤字盈余及足迹深度。在此基础上，引入农产品压力指数、水资源压力指数、碳汇压力指数、建设压力指数和土地综合负担指数等土地压力评价指数，判断当前土地是否处于超载状态及超载程度。结果显示：1）2002-2016年河北省的人均生态足迹不断升高，但人均生态生产性土地面积变化较小。2）河北省足迹深度较大，尤其是水域和化石燃料用地，河北省居民生产生活消耗的自然资源远远超过了资源流量，造成了河北省资源存量大量消耗。3）河北省生态赤字较为严重，2016年的生态赤字为3.26 hm²·人^-1。4）农产品压力指数、水资源压力指数、碳汇压力指数、土地综合负担指数均大于1，且水资源压力指数、碳汇压力指数、土地综合负担指数的值均在10以上，河北省面临严重的土地压力，居民的生产生活对各类生态生产性土地造成了严重的负担。以上4点说明河北省对资源的需求远远大于供给，可持续发展受到严重阻碍。河北省要实现可持续发展，必须要节能减排、保护环境、减少资源浪费。
关键词:河北省/
三维生态足迹模型/
足迹深度/
生态承载力/
土地压力指数
Abstract:Hebei Province is in the north of North China Plain and surrounds two major cities (Beijing and Tianjin) with excellent geographical conditions. With the rapidly developments in economy, society and other fields, ecological environment has been faced with serious risk in Hebei Province, such as water shortage, water pollution, urban air pollution, marine pollution, forest destruction and land desertification. To ensure sustainable development, the effective management of natural assets from the perspective of eco-economy is critical. It is therefore significant to measure the gap between demand for natural resources and the actual available nature resources in Hebei Province. By extending the depth of footprint in Niccolucci's 3D ecological footprint model from ≥ 1 to ≥ 0 and using a unified 3D model framework to analyze ecological surplus state, a unification of resource flow and inventory occupancy was built for accounting human production and livelihood. From this, the ecological footprint, deficit surplus and depth of footprint were built for Hebei Province for the period 2002-2016. Then, the study determined the current land load level through calculating land pressure indexes by using the extended Niccolucci's 3D ecological footprint model. The land pressure indexes included agricultural products pressure index, water resource pressure index, carbon sink pressure index, construction pressure index and comprehensive land pressure index. The results showed:1) per capita ecological footprint of Hebei Province steadily increased in 2002-2016, but per capita productive ecological land area changed little. 2) The depth of ecological footprint of Hebei Province was huge, especially for waters areas and fossil fuel land. The consumption of natural resources due to production in Hebei Province was far greater than the flow of resources, causing high consumption of resources stock in Hebei Province. 3) Ecological deficit in Hebei Province was deep, which was 3.26 hm²·cap.^-1 in 2016. 4) The pressure indices of agricultural products, water resources, carbon sink and comprehensive land pressure index were all greater than 1, and except agricultural products pressure index, the values of other three pressure indexes were above 10, indicating that Hebei had serious land pressure. The livelihood and production activities of the residents were serious burden on ecological productivity of the land. The above results indicated that demand for resources in Hebei Province was greater than supply and that sustainable development was seriously hampered. To improve sustainable development level of Hebei Province, it was necessary to change economic development mode, adjust industrial structure, develop circular economy and improve resource utilization efficiency.
Key words:Hebei Province/
Three-dimension ecological footprint model/
Footprint depth/
Ecological carrying capacity/
Land pressure index

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图12002-2016年河北省各土地利用类型人均生态足迹与人均生态生产性土地面积的变化
EF:人均生态足迹; BC:人均生态生产性土地面积。
Figure1.Changes of ecological footprint and ecological productive land area of land use types in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016
EF: ecological footprint per capita; BC: ecological productive land area per capita.


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表12002-2016年河北省各市的人均生态足迹与人均生态生产性土地面积
Table1.Ecological footprints and ecological productive land areas of cities in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016

hm2?cap.-1
市名City	2002			2004			2006			2008			2010			2012			2014			2016
	EF	BC		EF	BC		EF	BC		EF	BC		EF	BC		EF	BC		EF	BC		EF	BC
保定Baoding	1.03	0.22		1.24	0.19		1.30	0.20		1.40	0.18		1.48	0.17		1.55	0.15		1.79	0.15		2.19	0.14
沧州Cangzhou	1.43	0.30		1.54	0.26		1.84	0.19		1.90	0.19		2.22	0.17		2.27	0.17		2.54	0.18		2.87	0.17
承德Chengde	1.53	1.11		1.97	1.09		2.08	1.03		2.13	0.99		2.20	0.90		2.36	0.82		2.49	0.89		2.78	0.82
邯郸Handan	1.10	0.13		1.20	0.13		1.58	0.11		1.89	0.11		2.09	0.10		2.39	0.11		2.88	0.10		3.88	0.11
衡水Hengshui	2.87	0.25		3.11	0.21		3.76	0.19		4.18	0.19		4.55	0.19		4.98	0.18		4.99	0.18		5.28	0.16
廊坊Langfang	1.23	0.31		1.92	0.30		2.20	0.30		2.69	0.29		2.90	0.24		3.43	0.33		3.98	0.31		4.01	0.31
秦皇岛Qinghuangdao	1.63	0.19		1.88	0.19		1.99	0.20		2.24	0.20		2.39	0.19		2.59	0.19		2.67	0.19		2.96	0.19
石家庄Shijiazhuang	3.43	0.16		3.97	0.14		4.80	0.15		4.89	0.13		5.18	0.13		5.58	0.12		5.79	0.13		5.93	0.13
唐山Tangshan	3.76	0.19		4.22	0.17		4.51	0.15		6.27	0.18		7.03	0.18		7.11	0.17		7.23	0.17		7.43	0.17
邢台Xingtai	1.73	0.20		2.03	0.17		2.17	0.14		2.07	0.14		2.15	0.13		2.60	0.13		2.79	0.12		2.90	0.12
张家口Zhangjiakou	0.19	0.71		0.19	0.70		0.19	0.70		0.20	0.69		0.22	0.64		0.22	0.63		0.51	0.62		0.79	0.60
河北省Hebei Province	2.82	0.23		2.96	0.23		3.04	0.23		3.10	0.22		3.18	0.21		3.32	0.21		3.37	0.20		3.46	0.20
EF:人均生态足迹; BC:人均生态生产性土地面积。EF: per capita ecological footprint; BC: per capita ecological productive land area.

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表22002-2016年河北省各土地利用类型的足迹深度
Table2.Footprint depths of land use types in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016

土地利用类型Land use type	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016
耕地Cultivated land	5.26	5.48	5.80	5.79	6.07	6.45	6.59	6.58
草地Grass land	6.59	6.42	7.11	7.10	7.24	7.41	7.56	7.67
林地Forest	0.14	0.14	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.16	0.17	0.18
水域Waters	56.13	54.37	58.29	56.36	38.21	36.21	36.89	34.22
建设用地Built-up area	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
化石燃料用地Fossil fuel land	13.26	15.17	14.89	17.32	20.10	21.78	22.45	24.36
总计Total	12.40	13.02	13.49	13.95	15.09	16.15	16.65	17.29

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表32002-2016年河北省各市的足迹深度
Table3.Footprint depths of cities in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016

市名City	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016
保定Baoding	4.68	6.41	6.57	7.71	8.95	10.25	11.72	15.65
沧州Cangzhou	4.82	5.92	9.54	10.15	12.91	13.13	14.36	16.93
承德Chengde	1.37	1.81	2.02	2.16	2.44	2.87	2.81	3.39
邯郸Handan	8.45	9.26	14.29	16.79	20.54	21.15	28.18	34.95
衡水Hengshui	11.33	14.83	19.83	21.71	24.13	27.73	27.85	32.46
廊坊Langfang	3.93	6.42	7.32	9.30	12.31	10.32	12.57	12.91
秦皇岛Qinghuangdao	8.40	9.80	9.96	11.18	12.75	13.73	13.87	15.62
石家庄Shijiazhuang	21.71	27.82	32.17	36.85	40.24	45.29	43.33	46.02
唐山Tangshan	19.93	24.51	29.55	35.18	39.24	42.11	41.96	44.64
邢台Xingtai	8.59	12.04	15.29	14.87	16.31	19.61	22.55	24.24
张家口Zhangjiakou	0.26	0.27	0.27	0.29	0.34	0.35	0.82	1.31
河北省Hebei Province	12.40	13.02	13.49	13.95	15.09	16.15	16.65	17.29

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表42002-2016年河北省各土地利用类型生态盈余(赤字)
Table4.Ecological surpluses (deficits) of land use types in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016

hm2?cap.-1
土地利用类型Land use type	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016
耕地Cultivated land	-0.39	-0.40	-0.41	-0.40	-0.40	-0.43	-0.43	-0.43
草地Grass land	-0.39	-0.37	-0.40	-0.39	-0.37	-0.37	-0.37	-0.37
林地Forest	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05
水域Waters	-0.09	-0.09	-0.09	-0.10	-0.10	-0.10	-0.10	-0.10
建设用地Built-up area	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
化石燃料用地Fossil fuel land	-2.77	-3.20	-3.10	-3.59	-3.97	-4.21	-4.27	-4.60
总计Total	-2.59	-2.73	-2.81	-2.87	-2.96	-3.11	-3.16	-3.26

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表52002-2016年河北省各市生态盈余(赤字)
Table5.Ecological surpluses (deficits) of cities in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016

hm2?cap.-1
市名City	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016
保定Baoding	-0.81	-1.05	-1.10	-1.21	-1.31	-1.40	-1.64	-2.05
沧州Cangzhou	-1.13	-1.28	-1.64	-1.72	-2.05	-2.10	-2.36	-2.70
承德Chengde	-0.42	-0.89	-1.05	-1.15	-1.30	-1.54	-1.61	-1.96
邯郸Handan	-0.97	-1.07	-1.47	-1.78	-1.99	-2.27	-2.77	-3.77
衡水Hengshui	-2.62	-2.90	-3.57	-3.99	-4.36	-4.80	-4.81	-5.13
廊坊Langfang	-0.92	-1.62	-1.90	-2.40	-2.66	-3.10	-3.67	-3.70
秦皇岛Qinghuangdao	-1.44	-1.69	-1.79	-2.04	-2.21	-2.40	-2.48	-2.77
石家庄Shijiazhuang	-3.27	-3.83	-4.65	-4.76	-5.06	-5.46	-5.66	-5.80
唐山Tangshan	-3.57	-4.05	-4.35	-6.09	-6.85	-6.94	-7.05	-7.27
邢台Xingtai	-1.53	-1.86	-2.03	-1.93	-2.02	-2.47	-2.67	-2.78
张家口Zhangjiakou	0.52	0.51	0.51	0.49	0.42	0.41	0.11	-0.19
河北省Hebei Province	-2.59	-2.73	-2.81	-2.87	-2.96	-3.11	-3.16	-3.26

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表62002-2016年河北省的土地压力指数
Table6.Land pressure indexes in Hebei Province from 2002 to 2016

土地压力指数 Land pressure index	2002	2004	2006	2008	2010	2012	2014	2016
农产品压力指数 Agricultural products pressure index	5.26	5.48	5.80	5.79	6.07	6.45	6.59	6.58
水资源压力指数 Water resource pressure index	56.13	54.37	58.29	56.36	38.21	36.21	36.89	34.22
建设压力指数 Construction pressure index	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
碳汇压力指数 Carbon sink pressure index	13.26	15.17	14.89	17.32	20.10	21.78	22.45	24.36
土地综合压力指数 Comprehensive land pressure index	12.40	13.03	13.50	13.95	15.09	16.15	16.65	17.29

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