周碧青,
张黎明,
邱龙霞,
陈容,
邢世和,
福建农林大学资源与环境学院/土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室 福州 350002
基金项目: 农业部耕地质量监测与评价项目2016FA0016
详细信息
作者简介:曹孟锦, 主要研究方向为土壤碳循环与GIS应用。E-mail:caomj93@163.com
通讯作者:邢世和, 主要研究方向为土壤生态系统碳氮磷循环、健康评价与调控。E-mail:fafuxsh@126.com
中图分类号:S315计量
文章访问数:1094
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2017-08-18
录用日期:2017-10-29
刊出日期:2018-01-01
Optimal arrangement of milk vetch plantation based on land suitability and carbon sequestration in croplands:A case study of Pucheng County, Fujian Province
CAO Mengjin,ZHOU Biqing,
ZHANG Liming,
QIU Longxia,
CHEN Rong,
XING Shihe,
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/University Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation in Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
Funds: the Project of Cropland Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of National Agriculture Ministry of China2016FA0016
More Information
Corresponding author:XING Shihe, E-mail: fafuxsh@126.com
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摘要
摘要:藏碳于土是减少温室气体排放的重要途径，紫云英等绿肥回田能显著促进土壤有机碳积累，且培肥地力，但至今有关其种植布局的研究极少结合用地适宜性和固碳培肥现实需求性进行探讨。本文以福建省浦城县为研究区，借助GIS与修正的加权指数和、动态聚类等数学模型集成技术，在基于1：5万比例尺的区域紫云英用地适宜性评价和耕层土壤碳密度分析的基础上，以适宜性和耕层土壤有机碳密度为指标，遵循最适宜生长和耕层土壤碳密度较低的耕地优先安排为种植用地的原则，将研究区紫云英优化种植区划分为优先、次优先和一般种植区。结果表明，研究区81.82%的耕地不同程度地适宜种植紫云英，耕层有机碳密度介于2.50~5.74 kg·m-2，空间差异较为明显。经优化布局的研究区紫云英用地面积占耕地总面积的59.72%，以优先种植区和次优先种植区占优势，分别占研究区紫云英优化布局用地总面积的25.72%和50.34%；其中耕地土壤固碳培肥需求较为强烈的莲塘、水北、古楼、永兴和忠信等乡镇可作为紫云英重点种植区，富岭、仙阳、石陂和九牧等乡镇可作为紫云英种植的后备种植区。基于土地适宜性和固碳需求，择优选取紫云英适宜种植区域，对于其高效种植利用、区域耕地土壤有机质提升计划的科学实施以及耕地质量的有效提高具有重要指导意义。
关键词:紫云英/
固碳/
适宜性/
土壤有机碳密度/
数学模型集成/
优化布局
Abstract:Soil carbon sequestration is an important way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Milk vetch and other green manures importantly impact annual variations of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere by promoting soil organic carbon accumulation and improving cropland soil fertility. However, research on the optimal arrangement of milk vetch plantation had to-date been hardly integrated with the suitability croplands for milk vetch plantation and realistic need for soil carbon sequestration. This study aimed to arrange milk vetch in the most suitable areas and fix as much CO2 as possible. Thus the suitability of milk vetch plantations in croplands was evaluated by analyzing soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in croplands based on the 1:50 000 scale database of land use/soil pattern in Pucheng County, Fujian Province. The optimal arrangement of milk vetch plantations in Pucheng was done using an integrative method in GIS environment. Then the modificatory weighted index sum method and dynamic clustering analysis were used for both land suitability and SOCD by dividing the index based on the principle of land suitability for milk vetch plantation and carbon sequestration needs of croplands. The priority, sub-priority and general plantation areas of milk vetch in Pucheng were optimally arranged based on the principles of preferential arrangement of croplands with low topsoil SOCD and high suitability for milk vetch growth. The results showed that 81.82% of the croplands in the study area had various suitability of milk vetch plantation. If milk vetch was planted in all the cultivated lands in the study area, the annual total yield of fresh milk vetch and application rate of green manure were 657 056.65 t and 27.75 t·hm-2, respectively; the annual carbon sequestration and the cultivated land area for which milk vetch pro-vided organic carbon sources would be 29 900.74 t and 23 677.72 hm2, respectively. The range of SOCD in the study area was 2.50-5.74 kg·m-2, differing sharply in space. On the basis of total cropland in Pucheng County, optimal area arrangement for milk vetch plantation was 59.72%, of which priority and sub-priority regions dominantly accounted for 25.72% and 50.34%, respectively. Priority region was mainly distributed in the basin area, sub-priority region distributed in the 200-400 m altitude range with gentle slope terraces, while general region was located in 250-800 m altitude range on slope terraces. The towns (including Liantang, Shuibei, Gulou, Yongxing and Zhongxin), which most needed soil carbon sequestration, were planned as the key developing areas. Then towns (e.g., Fuling, Xianyang, Shipi and Jiumu) were planned as the reserve areas for milk vetch plantation. The study provided the guide for the efficient planting and utilization of milk vetch. This showed the need to increase scientific implementation of soil organic matter programs and the continuous improvement of farmland quality by preferentially selecting suitable areas for milk vetch planting based on land suitability and carbon sequestration needs of croplands.
Key words:Milk vetch/
Carbon sequestration/
Suitability/
Soil organic carbon density/
Integration of mathematic models/
Optimal arrangement
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图1研究区地理位置及乡镇分布示意图
Figure1.Geographic location and townships of the study area
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2研究区紫云英适宜用地分布
Figure2.Suitability distribution of milk vetch plantation in the study area
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3研究区紫云英适宜用地土壤有机碳密度分布
Figure3.Soil organic carbon density distribution of suitability cropland for milk vetch plantation in the study area
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4研究区紫云英用地优化布局
Figure4.Optimizing arrangement map of milk vetch plantation in the study area
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1研究区紫云英用地适宜性评价因子指标体系、隶属函数和权重值
Table1.Index system, type of function and weight of suitability evaluation of milk vetch plantation in the study area
| 评价因子 Factor | 评价指标 Index | 理想值 Standard index | 上限值 Upper limiting value | 下限值 Lower limiting value | 极限值 Extreme value | 隶属函数类型 Type of membership function | 隶属函数模型 Model of membership function | 隶属函数拟合度 R2 | 因子权重 Weight |
| 地形条件 Topographical factor | 坡度Slope (°) | 6 | 25 | — | ≥25 | 戒下型 Lower limit type | y=1/[1+0.012 5×(x–6)2] | 0.948 | 0.026 9 |
| 坡向Aspect | 平地、阳坡 Flat, sunny slope | — | — | — | 概念型 Conceptual type | — | — | 0.042 7 | |
| 气候条件 Climatic factor | 发芽期日均温 Daily average temperature at germination stage (℃) | 20 | 35 | 5 | ≥35 or ≤5 | 峰型 Ridge type | y=1/[1+0.025 5×(x–20)2] | 0.949 | 0.076 5 |
| 幼苗期日均温 Daily average temperature at seedling stage (℃) | 15 | — | 5 | — | 戒上型 Upper limit type | y=1/[1+0.086 2× (x–15)2] | 0.98 | 0.070 3 | |
| 开花期日均温 Daily average temperature at flowering stage (℃) | 15 | — | 10 | — | 戒上型 Upper limit type | y=1/[1+0.334 9×(x–15)2] | 0.979 | 0.040 1 | |
| 越冬期日均温1) Daily average temperature at wintering stage (℃) | — | — | — | ≤-19 | — | — | — | — | |
| 土壤条件 Topsoil factor | pH | 6 | 8.5 | 4 | ≥8.5 or ≤4 | 峰型Ridge type | y=1/[1+0.739 0×(x–6)2] | 0.898 | 0.044 8 |
| 有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 25 | — | 12 | — | 戒上型 Upper limit type | y=1/[1+0.036 6×(x–25)2] | 0.964 | 0.072 7 | |
| 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 120 | — | 80 | — | 戒上型 Upper limit type | y=1/[1+0.002 6×(x–120)2] | 0.945 | 0.111 8 | |
| 质地Soil texture | 砂质壤土至黏质壤土 Sandy loam to clay loam | — | — | 多砾质 Gravel | 概念型 Conceptual type | — | — | 0.039 9 | |
| 耕层厚度 Thickness of plow layer (cm) | 20 | — | 5 | — | 戒上型 Upper limit type | y=1/[1+0.021 2×(x–20)2] | 0.957 | 0.129 1 | |
| 障碍层位置 Barrier location (cm) | 60 | — | 10 | 戒上型 Upper limit type | y=1/[1+0.001 9×(x–60)2] | 0.965 | 0.025 8 | ||
| 灌排条件 Irrigation and drainage | 排涝能力 Drainage energy | 强Strong | — | — | 无No | 概念型 Conceptual type | — | — | 0.182 4 |
| 灌溉条件 Irrigation condition | 强Strong | — | — | — | 概念型 Conceptual type | — | — | 0.136 8 | |
| ???1)越冬期日均温仅作为极限因子而不作为适宜程度评价因子。1) Daily average temperature in wintering period is just used as the extreme factor and not as factor to evaluate suitability degree. | |||||||||
下载: 导出CSV表2研究区紫云英用地适宜性概念型评价因子隶属度经验值
Table2.Experience values of conceptual evaluating factors of suitability of milk vetch plantation in the study area
| 坡向 Slope direction | 质地 Soil texture | 灌溉条件 Irrigation condition | 排涝能力 Drainage capacity | |||||||
| 属性 Attribute | 经验值 Experience value | 属性 Attribute | 经验值 Experience value | 属性 Attribute | 经验值 Experience value | 属性 Attribute | 经验值 Experience value | |||
| 平地Flat (< 0°) | 1.00 | 砂质壤土、壤土、粉砂质壤土 Sandy loam, loam, silty loam | 1.00 | 很好 Very good | 1.00 | 强 Strong | 1.00 | |||
| 阳坡Sunny slope (135°~225°) | 0.95 | 黏壤土、砂质黏壤土、粉砂质黏壤土 Clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam | 0.90 | 好 Good | 0.80 | 中Average | 0.60 | |||
| 半阳坡Semi-sunny (90°~135°、225°~270°) | 0.75 | 砂质黏土 Sandy clay | 0.70 | 一般 Average | 0.60 | 弱 Poor | 0.20 | |||
| 半阴坡Semi-shady (45°~90°、270°~315°) | 0.50 | 壤质黏土、粉砂质黏土 Loam clay, silty clay | 0.50 | 较差 Poor | 0.40 | 无 No | 0 | |||
| 阴坡Shady slope (0°~45°、315°~360°) | 0.30 | 黏土、壤质砂土 Clay, loamy sand | 0.30 | 差 Worse | 0.20 | — | — | |||
| — | — | 砂土、重黏土 Sand, heavy clay | 0.10 | 很差Worst | 0.05 | — | — | |||
下载: 导出CSV表3研究区紫云英种植用地优化布局划分指标
Table3.Optimizing arrangement indexes of milk vetch plantation in the study area
| 类型区 Type | 划分指标Index | |
| 适宜性 Suitability | 碳密度水平 Soil organic carbon density | |
| 优先种植区 Priority planting area | 高度适宜Higher | 中、低Medium, low |
| 中度适宜Middle | 低Low | |
| 次优先种植区 Sub-priority planting area | 中度适宜Middle | 中Medium |
| 一般适宜 Common | 低Low | |
| 一般种植区 General planting area | 一般适宜 Common | 中Medium |
下载: 导出CSV表4研究区不同乡镇紫云英用地适宜性面积、紫云英鲜草产量及固碳量
Table4.Suitability area, milk vetch yield and carbon fixation capacity of milk vetch plantation in each town of the study area
| 乡镇 Town | 高度适宜面积 Higher suitability area (hm2) | 中度适宜面积 Middle suitability area (hm2) | 一般适宜面积 Common suitability area (hm2) | 紫云英产量 Milk vetch yield (t) | 单位面积紫云英产量 Milk vetch yield per area (t·hm-2) | 固碳量 C sequestration (t) | 单位面积固碳量 C sequestration per unit area (t·hm-2) |
| 万安Wan’an | 40.52 | 575.09 | 354.23 | 30 041.95 | 22.51 | 1 367.12 | 1.02 |
| 临江Linjiang | 56.64 | 1 009.79 | 403.10 | 33 798.44 | 15.68 | 1 538.07 | 0.71 |
| 九牧Jiumu | 45.34 | 400.53 | 690.79 | 25 996.08 | 19.68 | 1 183.01 | 0.90 |
| 仙阳Xianyang | 307.04 | 983.18 | 1 111.96 | 58 570.39 | 19.18 | 2 665.37 | 0.87 |
| 南浦Nanpu | 110.53 | 33.59 | 48.55 | 7 204.26 | 29.25 | 327.85 | 1.33 |
| 古楼Gulou | 338.60 | 310.98 | 334.08 | 35 085.52 | 34.57 | 1 596.64 | 1.57 |
| 官路Guanlu | 29.90 | 452.51 | 652.24 | 32 212.79 | 26.69 | 1 465.91 | 1.21 |
| 富岭Fuling | 175.44 | 1 769.73 | 900.70 | 62 155.44 | 16.88 | 2 828.51 | 0.77 |
| 山下Shanxia | 105.85 | 236.41 | 322.18 | 6 582.30 | 7.65 | 299.54 | 0.35 |
| 忠信Zhongxin | 201.15 | 1 158.30 | 927.59 | 62 003.42 | 24.68 | 2 821.60 | 1.12 |
| 枫溪Fengxi | 3.55 | 53.42 | 302.44 | 2 852.49 | 7.20 | 129.81 | 0.33 |
| 水北Shuibei | 595.68 | 653.72 | 529.41 | 45 675.19 | 19.28 | 2 078.55 | 0.88 |
| 永兴Yongxing | 376.02 | 1 099.24 | 698.47 | 52 657.45 | 20.02 | 2 396.29 | 0.91 |
| 河滨Hebin | 53.86 | 55.64 | 65.60 | 6 845.79 | 31.14 | 311.53 | 1.42 |
| 濠村Haocun | 19.58 | 491.26 | 266.67 | 26 170.75 | 32.25 | 1 190.96 | 1.47 |
| 盘亭Panting | 16.22 | 444.35 | 451.71 | 27 310.76 | 27.90 | 1 242.83 | 1.27 |
| 石陂Shipi | 77.24 | 1 842.06 | 1 102.09 | 40 917.38 | 10.72 | 1 862.03 | 0.49 |
| 管厝Guancuo | 323.75 | 954.20 | 607.87 | 24 655.29 | 11.29 | 1 121.99 | 0.51 |
| 莲塘Liantang | 323.83 | 1 151.98 | 859.34 | 76 320.94 | 27.06 | 3 473.14 | 1.23 |
下载: 导出CSV表5研究区不同乡镇紫云英适宜用地土壤有机碳密度
Table5.Soil organic carbon density of suitable cropland for milk vetch plantation in each town of the study area
| 乡镇 Town | 土壤有机碳密度Soil organic carbon density | ||
| 变幅 Range (kg·m-2) | 均值 Mean (kg·m-2) | 变异系数 C.V. (%) | |
| 万安Wan’an | 3.28~4.56 | 3.87±0.27 | 7.10 |
| 临江Linjiang | 3.13~5.13 | 4.18±0.39 | 9.35 |
| 九牧Jiumu | 3.43~5.25 | 4.05±0.29 | 7.26 |
| 仙阳Xianyang | 2.73~5.18 | 4.06±0.38 | 9.28 |
| 南浦Nanpu | 3.53~4.40 | 3.96±0.20 | 5.08 |
| 古楼Gulou | 2.91~4.50 | 3.63±0.36 | 9.99 |
| 官路Guanlu | 2.78~4.45 | 3.63±0.37 | 10.15 |
| 富岭Fuling | 2.79~5.35 | 4.13±0.40 | 9.61 |
| 山下Shanxia | 3.77~5.10 | 4.44±0.32 | 7.22 |
| 忠信Zhongxin | 2.65~5.03 | 3.93±0.38 | 9.77 |
| 枫溪Fengxi | 3.64~5.09 | 4.30±0.38 | 8.81 |
| 水北Shuibei | 3.28~5.00 | 4.04±0.42 | 10.38 |
| 永兴Yongxing | 2.65~4.93 | 3.99±0.46 | 11.47 |
| 河滨Hebin | 2.74~3.98 | 3.51±0.29 | 8.38 |
| 濠村Haocun | 2.93~4.31 | 3.70±0.33 | 9.03 |
| 盘亭Panting | 2.69~4.20 | 3.46±0.29 | 8.51 |
| 石陂Shipi | 2.57~5.74 | 4.41±0.54 | 12.25 |
| 管厝Guancuo | 3.47~5.05 | 4.37±0.33 | 7.61 |
| 莲塘Liantang | 2.50~4.66 | 3.70±0.43 | 11.64 |
| — | — | — | — |
下载: 导出CSV表6研究区不同乡镇紫云英用地优化布局面积
Table6.Optimizing arrangement area of milk vetch plantation in each town of the study area
| hm2 | |||
| 乡镇 Town | 优化布局类型区面积Optimizing arrangement area | ||
| 优先种植区 Priority planting area | 次优先种植区 Sub-priority planting area | 一般种植区 General planting area | |
| 万安Wan’an | 235.83 | 442.06 | 243.39 |
| 临江Linjiang | 147.29 | 617.99 | 224.12 |
| 九牧Jiumu | 45.76 | 397.12 | 469.23 |
| 仙阳Xianyang | 317.49 | 906.75 | 572.54 |
| 南浦Nanpu | 109.55 | 36.48 | 43.63 |
| 古楼Gulou | 493.78 | 305.24 | 156.25 |
| 官路Guanlu | 278.67 | 569.16 | 266.23 |
| 富岭Fuling | 275.63 | 1 113.00 | 513.14 |
| 山下Shanxia | 15.37 | 90.00 | 116.83 |
| 忠信Zhongxin | 415.74 | 1 047.11 | 443.32 |
| 枫溪Fengxi | — | 32.48 | 107.31 |
| 水北Shuibei | 540.72 | 508.88 | 228.35 |
| 永兴Yongxing | 462.25 | 798.42 | 288.01 |
| 河滨Hebin | 97.83 | 75.78 | 1.48 |
| 濠村Haocun | 178.94 | 484.45 | 110.79 |
| 盘亭Panting | 399.59 | 453.67 | 59.02 |
| 石陂Shipi | 128.95 | 824.88 | 376.45 |
| 管厝Guancuo | 181.74 | 282.87 | 286.79 |
| 莲塘Liantang | 840.09 | 1 122.05 | 298.58 |
| — | — | — | — |
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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