姚雄1,
王春萍1, 2,
吴红1, 2,
林清1, 2,
雷开荣1, 2,,
1.重庆市农业科学院 重庆 401329
2.逆境农业研究重庆市重点实验室 重庆 401329
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFD0301707
重庆市农发良种创新暨重大科研推广项目NKY2016AA003
重庆市社会民生科技创新专项cstc2016shms-ztzx80012
重庆市2017年度农业农村调研课题2017291
详细信息
作者简介:唐荣莉, 主要从事景观生态学研究。E-mail:tangtang832@163.com
通讯作者:雷开荣, 主要从事作物遗传改良与生物技术研究。E-mail:leikairong@126.com
中图分类号:170.4510计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2017-12-21
录用日期:2018-02-24
刊出日期:2018-07-01
Spatiotemporal evolution of rice production geographical agglomeration in Chongqing based on spatial statistics
TANG Rongli1, 2,,YAO Xiong1,
WANG Chunping1, 2,
WU Hong1, 2,
LIN Qing1, 2,
LEI Kairong1, 2,,
1. Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Chongqing 401329, China
Funds: the National Key Research and Development Program of China2017YFD0301707
Chongqing Agricultural Development ProgramNKY2016AA003
Chongqing Social Science and Technology Innovation Projectcstc2016shms-ztzx80012
Chongqing Agricultural and Rural Research Project2017291
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Corresponding author:LEI Kairong, E-mail:leikairong@126.com
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摘要
摘要:掌握农作物区域地理种植格局动态变化是进行种植结构调整和优化的重要基础。本研究以2000-2015年重庆市属区县水稻生产调查数据为基础，运用排序方法、空间统计方法剖析了16年来重庆水稻种植时空分布特点、不同区县时空演变的趋同性和相异性、区域水稻种植重心的转移特征、重庆水稻产业的地理集聚程度与分布的演化路径，以量化重庆市水稻生产的空间演化格局与动态。结果表明，16年间重庆市水稻种植面积和产量都存在波动，2007年以前水稻面积不断下降，2008年后面积逐渐恢复；在研究的各个时段内，无论单产、面积占比还是总产，重庆市的水稻生产均呈现出西部高于东部，南部高于北部的特征。重庆市以区县为统计单位的水稻生产可分为大面积高单产、小面积高单产、大面积低单产、小面积低单产4个类型；重庆市水稻产量重心位于区域西南部，但逐年向东北方向偏移；重庆水稻产业表现出高值聚集的特征，但空间聚集程度随时间推移逐渐降低，空间均质化程度提高。区域自然条件、社会经济、种植技术发展、政策引导等影响水稻产业的集聚格局，在今后的工作中需针对区域特征进行水稻种植规划和优化管理。
关键词:重庆市/
水稻生产/
集聚特征/
重心转移/
空间统计/
排序方法/
空间均质化
Abstract:Knowledge about dynamic changes of geographical planting patterns of crops is a critical basis for planting adjustments and optimal configurations. Using ordered and spatial statistical methods, the spatial distributions, temporal evolutions, key production area transformations and geographical concentrations of rice production in Chongqing municipality were determined. Also the spatial evolution patterns and dynamics of rice production from 2000 to 2015 were quantified. The results showed that the cultivated area and rice production in Chongqing decreased before 2007, but gradually increased after 2008. During the study period, the spatial distribution patterns of yield per unit area, planting area ratio and total yield in Chongqing were all higher in the west than in the east, and then higher in the south than in the north. Using administrative districts as study unit, rice production areas were divided into 4 typical zones-large area with high yield, small area with high yield, large area with low yield and small area with low yield. From 2000 to 2015, the counties belonging to the large area with high yield type and large area with low yield was stable with some changed in rank of counties. However, the type of small area with high yield changed greatly, the counties number decreased from 8 in 2000 to 4 in 2015. The counties of the small area and low yield type most located in the hill area where the light, water conditions were relative poor. With the expansion of Chongqing City, some counties once were in the small area with high yield changed to the type of small area with low yield. Rice production center was located in the southwest of Chongqing and gradually moved to the northeast. While the degree of geographical aggregation of rice industry decreased gradually over time, the degree of spatial homogenization improved. Regional natural factors, social economy, planting technology development and government planning were the influencing factors of the patterns of rice industry. In future, different cultivation planning and optimal management measures were needed for different planting areas.
Key words:Chongqing City/
Rice production/
Geographical aggregation/
Migration center of gravity/
Spatial statistics/
Ordered method/
Spatial homogenization
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图1重庆市2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年水稻生产的时空特征(a:水稻种植面积区域占比; b:水稻单产; c:水稻总产)
BB: Beibei; BN: Banan; BS: Bishan; CK: Chengkou; CS: Changshou; DDK:大渡口Dadukou; DZ: Dazu; DJ: Dianjiang; FD: Fengdu; FJ: Fengjie; FL: Fuling; HC: Hechuan; JB: Jiangbei; JJ: Jiangjin; JLP:九龙坡Jiulongpo; KX: Kaixian; LP: Liangping; NA:南岸Nan’an; NC: Nanchuan; PS: Pengshui; QJ: Qianjiang; QJ2: Qijiang; RC: Rongchang; SPB:沙坪坝Shapingba; SZ: Shizhu; SQ:双桥Shuangqiao; TL: Tongliang; TN: Tongnan; WZ: Wanzhou; WS: Wushan; WS2: Wansheng; WX: Wuxi; WL: Wulong; XS: Xiushan; YC: Yongchuan; YB: Yubei; YY: Yunyang; YY2: Youyang; ZX: Zhongxian.
Figure1.Spatial-temporal features of rice production in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 (a: ratio of rice planting area to region area; b: rice yield per unit area; c: overall production of rice)
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图22000年、2005年、2010年和2015年重庆各区县水稻种植特征的异同
单产和面积累积可解释2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年区域差异的99.66%、99.82%、99.83%和99.79%。Area and per unit yield can explain 99.66%, 99.82%, 99.83% and 99.79% of the total variances between districts for 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively. Icons of large & high, small & high, large & low, small & low stand for large area with high yield, small area with high yield, large area with low yield, and small area with low yield, respectively. BB: Beibei; BN: Banan; BS: Bishan; CK: Chengkou; CS: Changshou; DDK: Dadukou; DZ: Dazu; DJ: Dianjiang; FD: Fengdu; FJ: Fengjie; FL: Fuling; HC: Hechuan; JB: Jiangbei; JJ: Jiangjin; JLP: Jiulongpo; KX: Kaixian; LP: Liangping; NA: Nan’an; NC: Nanchuan; PS: Pengshui; QJ: Qianjiang; QJ2: Qijiang; RC: Rongchang; SPB: Shapingba; SZ: Shizhu; SQ: Shuangqiao; TL: Tongliang; TN: Tongnan; WZ: Wanzhou; WS: Wushan; WS2: Wansheng; WX: Wuxi; WL: Wulong; XS: Xiushan; YC: Yongchuan; YB: Yubei; YY: Yunyang; YY2: Youyang; ZX: Zhongxian.
Figure2.Similarities and differences in rice production among different districts of Chongqing in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图32000年、2005年、2010年和2015年重庆区县水稻生产所属类型的变化
Icons of large & high, small & high, large & low, small & low stand for large area with high yield, small area with high yield, large area with low yield, and small area with low yield, respectively. BB: Beibei; BN: Banan; BS: Bishan; CK: Chengkou; CS: Changshou; DDK:大渡口Dadukou; DZ: Dazu; DJ: Dianjiang; FD: Fengdu; FJ: Fengjie; FL: Fuling; HC: Hechuan; JB: Jiangbei; JJ: Jiangjin; JLP:九龙坡Jiulongpo; KX: Kaixian; LP: Liangping; NA:南岸Nan’an; NC: Nanchuan; PS: Pengshui; QJ: Qianjiang; QJ2: Qijiang; RC: Rongchang; SPB:沙坪坝Shapingba; SZ: Shizhu; SQ:双桥Shuangqiao; TL: Tongliang; TN: Tongnan; WZ: Wanzhou; WS: Wushan; WS2: Wansheng; WX: Wuxi; WL: Wulong; XS: Xiushan; YC: Yongchuan; YB: Yubei; YY: Yunyang; YY2: Youyang; ZX: Zhongxian.
Figure3.Changes of rice production types of each district of Chongqing in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图42000-2015年重庆水稻种植地理分布重心的演变路径
Figure4.Shift route of gravity centers of rice production in Chongqing from 2000 to 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图52000年、2005年、2010年和2015年重庆水稻种植地理集聚程度的演变特征
HH:高值聚集; LL:低值聚集; HL:高值离散; LH:低值离散。HH: clusters of high values; LL: clusters with low values; HL: high value but surrounded primarily by low values; LH: low value but surrounded primarily by high values. BB: Beibei; BN: Banan; BS: Bishan; CK: Chengkou; CS: Changshou; DDK:大渡口Dadukou; DZ: Dazu; DJ: Dianjiang; FD: Fengdu; FJ: Fengjie; FL: Fuling; HC: Hechuan; JB: Jiangbei; JJ: Jiangjin; JLP:九龙坡Jiulongpo; KX: Kaixian; LP: Liangping; NA:南岸Nan’an; NC: Nanchuan; PS: Pengshui; QJ: Qianjiang; QJ2: Qijiang; RC: Rongchang; SPB:沙坪坝Shapingba; SZ: Shizhu; SQ:双桥Shuangqiao; TL: Tongliang; TN: Tongnan; WZ: Wanzhou; WS: Wushan; WS2: Wansheng; WX: Wuxi; WL: Wulong; XS: Xiushan; YC: Yongchuan; YB: Yubei; YY: Yunyang; YY2: Youyang; ZX: Zhongxian.
Figure5.Spatio-temporal pattern of rice production agglomeration in Chongqing in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表12000-2015年重庆市水稻种植面积、单产和总产的变化特征
Table1.Change characteristics of planting area, yield per unit area and overall production of rice in Chongqing from 2000 to 2015
| 年份 Year | N | 面积 Area (hm2) | 单产 Yield per unit area (kg·hm-2) | 总产 Overall production (×104 t) | ||||||||||
| 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. | 总和 Total | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. | 平均 Average | 中值 Mid-value | 标准差 Standard deviation | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. | 总和 Total | ||||
| 2000 | 39 | 526.00 | 46 442.23 | 776 639.83 | 5 489.59 | 10 434.90 | 7 347.00 | 7 430.35 | 1 166.90 | 0.41 | 40.01 | 577.75 | ||
| 2001 | 39 | 508.00 | 46 057.23 | 762 967.79 | 4 286.76 | 8 957.74 | 6 480.49 | 6 525.93 | 1 053.15 | 0.36 | 39.47 | 507.68 | ||
| 2002 | 39 | 458.00 | 45 306.23 | 757 198.75 | 5 060.68 | 9 002.86 | 6 865.14 | 6 949.73 | 995.04 | 0.35 | 38.59 | 527.15 | ||
| 2003 | 39 | 452.00 | 44 618.22 | 738 489.66 | 5 067.53 | 8 986.32 | 7 028.38 | 7 063.90 | 908.03 | 0.32 | 38.15 | 530.30 | ||
| 2004 | 39 | 434.00 | 45 964.23 | 750 588.76 | 5 323.94 | 9 102.56 | 7 139.45 | 7 214.42 | 882.30 | 0.30 | 39.34 | 549.12 | ||
| 2005 | 39 | 387.00 | 46 064.23 | 747 762.73 | 5 542.85 | 8 826.60 | 7 179.99 | 7 248.24 | 885.49 | 0.27 | 39.35 | 546.96 | ||
| 2006 | 39 | 218.00 | 45 302.23 | 672 303.38 | 3 444.89 | 8 091.72 | 5 138.46 | 5 177.05 | 841.11 | 0.10 | 25.38 | 344.91 | ||
| 2007 | 39 | 62.00 | 43 241.22 | 652 135.28 | 5 679.15 | 8 621.64 | 7 296.30 | 7 338.67 | 693.42 | 0.05 | 36.68 | 491.60 | ||
| 2008 | 39 | 68.00 | 45 152.23 | 673 541.39 | 5 702.36 | 9 536.04 | 7 576.48 | 7 376.75 | 934.49 | 0.05 | 38.75 | 529.39 | ||
| 2009 | 39 | 67.00 | 45 338.23 | 682 044.42 | 6 063.28 | 8 990.30 | 7 248.05 | 7 044.74 | 738.35 | 0.05 | 36.92 | 511.31 | ||
| 2010 | 39 | 58.00 | 45 112.23 | 683 907.42 | 5 281.78 | 9 050.21 | 7 288.11 | 7 068.93 | 804.78 | 0.04 | 37.55 | 518.58 | ||
| 2011 | 39 | 34.67 | 44 911.76 | 686 488.74 | 4 607.67 | 8 859.71 | 6 757.37 | 6 539.50 | 1 057.07 | 0.02 | 35.89 | 493.48 | ||
| 2012 | 38 | 23.33 | 45 274.89 | 690 593.66 | 4 610.22 | 8 813.55 | 6 820.77 | 6 770.67 | 977.61 | 0.02 | 36.02 | 500.42 | ||
| 2013 | 38 | 20.00 | 45 609.23 | 688 660.47 | 4 515.61 | 8 851.56 | 6 881.87 | 6 719.08 | 957.48 | 0.01 | 36.55 | 503.07 | ||
| 2014 | 38 | 19.00 | 45 828.56 | 689 676.60 | 5 235.56 | 8 692.12 | 6 937.32 | 6 776.02 | 822.52 | 0.01 | 36.68 | 503.19 | ||
| 2015 | 38 | 0.67 | 45 875.90 | 688 322.39 | 4 295.73 | 8 762.06 | 7 015.92 | 6 941.08 | 872.79 | 0.00 | 36.80 | 506.40 | ||
下载: 导出CSV表22000年、2005年、2010年和2015年重庆市不同水稻生产类型区的基本特征
Table2.Basic characteristics of different rice production types areas of Chongqing in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015
| 生产类型区 Production type | 指标 Index | 2000年Year 2000 | 2005年Year 2005 | 2010年Year 2010 | 2015年Year 2015 | |||||||||||
| 面积 Area (hm2) | 总产 Overall production (×104 t) | 单产 Yield per unit area (kg·hm-2) | 面积 Area (hm2) | 总产 Overall production (×104 t) | 单产 Yield per unit area (kg·hm-2) | 面积 Area (hm2) | 总产 Overall production (×104 t) | 单产Yield per unit area (kg·hm-2) | 面积 Area (hm2) | 总产 Overall production (×104 t) | 单产 Yield per unit area (kg·hm-2) | |||||
| 大面积高单产 Large area with high yield | 数量N Amount | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||
| 平均 Average | 30 839.57 | 25.23 | 8 146.91 | 31 306.57 | 24.96 | 7 960.10 | 28 542.98 | 23.13 | 8 088.97 | 29 133.85 | 22.93 | 7 847.61 | ||||
| 百分比 Proportion (%) | 52 | 57 | - | 54 | 59 | - | 58 | 62 | - | 59 | 63 | - | ||||
| 大面积低单产 Large area with low yield | 数量N Amount | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||
| 平均 Average | 28 722.47 | 18.50 | 6 371.35 | 28 485.81 | 17.81 | 6 188.50 | 25 865.50 | 17.42 | 6 728.17 | 26 111.59 | 17.20 | 6 572.83 | ||||
| 百分比 Proportion (%) | 33 | 29 | - | 27 | 23 | - | 26 | 24 | - | 27 | 24 | - | ||||
| 小面积高单产 Small area with high yield | 数量N Amount | 8 | 9 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||
| 平均 Average | 5 796.15 | 4.70 | 8 345.91 | 6 248.57 | 4.79 | 7 688.31 | 8 272.63 | 6.39 | 7 784.55 | 7 111.75 | 5.24 | 7 378.61 | ||||
| 百分比 Proportion (%) | 6 | 7 | - | 8 | 8 | - | 5 | 5 | - | 4 | 4 | - | ||||
| 小面积低单产 Small area with low yield | 数量N Amount | 9 | 10 | 14 | 13 | |||||||||||
| 平均 Average | 7 915.40 | 5.08 | 6 279.30 | 8 550.97 | 5.47 | 6 402.41 | 5 035.37 | 3.38 | 6 625.38 | 5 350.85 | 3.38 | 6 247.24 | ||||
| 百分比 Proportion (%) | 9 | 8 | - | 11 | 10 | - | 10 | 9 | - | 10 | 9 | - | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表32000年、2005年、2010年和2015年重庆水稻种植的区域地理聚集系数
Table3.Geographical aggregation indexes for rice production in Chongqing in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015
| 指标Index | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 |
| Moran’s I | 0.454** | 0.386** | 0.255** | 0.128* |
| General G | 0.294** | 0.276** | 0.254* | 0.230 |
| **和*分别表示0.01、0.05水平上显著。**, * mean significant at 0.01, 0.05 levels, respectively. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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