向慧敏1, 2,
章家恩1, 2,,,
王福刚1,
罗颢1
1.华南农业大学资源环境学院 广州 510642
2.农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室/广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心/广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室 广州 510642
基金项目: 广东省科技计划项目2015B090903077
广东省科技计划项目2016A020210094
广东省科技计划项目2017A090905030
广州市科技计划项目201604020062
广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目2016LM1100
珠江科技新星项目201506010042
详细信息
作者简介:蓝妮, 主要研究方向为农业生态学与土壤生态学等。E-mail:ni_lan16@163.com
通讯作者:章家恩, 主要研究方向为农业生态学、入侵生态学与土壤生态学等。E-mail:jeanzh@scau.edu.cn
中图分类号:S181计量
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2017-12-27
录用日期:2018-03-10
刊出日期:2018-08-01
Effects of rice and Canna indica L. intercropping on rice growth, disease/pest incidence and yield
LAN Ni1,,XIANG Huimin1, 2,
ZHANG Jia'en1, 2,,,
WANG Fugang1,
LUO Hao1
1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agro-ecology and Rural Environment of Guangzhou Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China
Funds: the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province2015B090903077
the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province2016A020210094
the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province2017A090905030
the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou201604020062
the Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Guangdong Province2016LM1100
Guangzhou Pearl River S & T Nova Program201506010042
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Corresponding author:ZHANG Jia'en, E-mail:jeanzh@scau.edu.cn
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摘要
摘要:间作是一类提高农田生物多样性、增加农业生态经济效益的农田种植模式。本研究通过一年两季的田间试验，探讨了水稻与美人蕉间作对水稻生长性状、病虫害防控以及产量的影响。结果表明：与水稻单作相比，水稻与美人蕉间作在早稻分蘖末期、抽穗期降低了水稻株高，而在早稻抽穗期、成熟期及晚稻分蘖末期和成熟期提高了水稻叶片的叶绿素含量；间作下水稻分蘖数明显提高，在早稻分蘖末期、抽穗期和晚稻成熟期水稻分蘖数分别提高25.20%、11.20%和26.01%。在病虫害防控方面，水稻与美人蕉间作降低了纹枯病和稻纵卷叶螟的发生，其中在早稻分蘖中期、末期以及晚稻分蘖末期、抽穗期纹枯病的病情指数分别显著降低35.61%、19.55%、24.83%和16.05%；在晚稻分蘖中期和末期，稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率显著降低46.35%和60.31%；水稻与美人蕉间作显著提高了水稻单位面积产量，增幅达11.16%。研究表明，水稻与美人蕉间作是一种能促进水稻生长、降低水稻病虫害、提高水稻产量和经济效益的新型生态种植模式。
关键词:水稻/
美人蕉/
间作/
病虫害/
水稻产量
Abstract:As an agricultural production pattern, intercropping not only improves biodiversity and the related ecological effects on paddy fields, but also increases agricultural production and economic benefits. This study investigated the effects of rice and Canna indica intercropping on growth, diseases and pests control, and grain yield of rice in a one-year paddy field experiment. The results showed that compared with rice monoculture, rice and C. indica intercropping decreased plant height at late tillering stage and heading stage in the early rice season. It increased leaf chlorophyll content during heading and maturity in the early rice season, and late tillering and maturity stages in the late rice season. The tiller number of rice significantly increased under intercropping by 25.20% and 11.20% at late tillering and heading stages in the early rice season and 26.01% at maturity stage in the late rice season. Besides, rice and C. indica intercropping effectively reduced the incidence of sheath blight and rice leaf folder. At medium and late tillering stages in the early rice season, rice sheath blight disease index was decreased by 35.61% and 19.55%, and also decreased significantly by 24.83% and 16.05% at late tillering and heading stages in the late rice season. At the same time, the rate of leaf-rolling by rice leaf folders were significantly decreased (by 46.35% and 60.31%) at medium and late tillering stages in the late rice season. Meanwhile, rice and C. indica intercropping improved rice yield per unit area by 11.16%. In conclusion, rice and C. indica intercropping was considered as a new eco-agriculture system which promoted rice growth, rice yield and economic benefits, and decreased the incidence of diseases and pests.
Key words:Rice/
Canna indica/
Intercropping/
Disease and pest/
Rice yield
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图1水稻与美人蕉间作对不同生育期水稻株高的影响
CK:水稻单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。MT:分蘖中期; LT:分蘖末期; HS:抽穗期; MS:成熟期。“*”表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure1.Effects of rice-Canna indica intercropping on height of rice at different growth stages
CK: rice monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping; MT: mid-tillering stage; LT: late-tillering stage; HS: heading stage; MS: mature stage. "*" indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2水稻与美人蕉间作对不同生育期水稻分蘖数的影响
CK:水稻单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。MT:分蘖中期; LT:分蘖末期; HS:抽穗期; MS:成熟期。“*”表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure2.Effects of rice-Canna indica intercropping on tiller numbers of rice at different growth stages
CK: rice monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping; MT: mid-tillering stage; LT: late-tillering stage; HS: heading stage; MS: mature stage. "*" indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3水稻与美人蕉间作对不同生育期水稻叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)的影响
CK:水稻单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。MT:分蘖中期; LT:分蘖末期; HS:抽穗期; MS:成熟期。“*”表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure3.Effects of rice-Canna indica intercropping on the relative contents of chlorophyll in rice leaves at different growth stages
CK: rice monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping; MT: mid-tillering stage; LT: late-tillering stage; HS: heading stage; MS: mature stage. "*" indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4水稻与美人蕉间作对水稻不同生育期稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率的影响
CK:水稻单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。MT:分蘖中期; LT:分蘖末期; HS:抽穗期。“*”表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure4.Effects of rice-Canna indica intercropping on the rate of rolling-leaf by rice leaf folders at different growth stages of rice
CK: rice monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping; MT: mid-tillering stage; LT: late-tillering stage; HS: heading stage. "*" indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5水稻与美人蕉间作对不同生育期水稻纹枯病的防控效果
CK:水稻单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。MT:分蘖中期; LT:分蘖末期; HS:抽穗期。“*”表示P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure5.Effects of rice-Canna indica intercropping on controlling rice sheath blight at different growth stages
CK: rice monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping; MT: mid-tillering stage; LT: late-tillering stage; HS: heading stage. "*" indicates significant difference at P < 0.05.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1水稻与美人蕉间作对水稻产量及产量性状的影响
Table1.Effects of rice-Canna indica intercropping on yield and yield components of rice
| 季节 Season | 处理 Treatment | 有效穗数 Effective panicles (No.·hill-1) | 穗粒数 Filled grains number per panicle | 千粒重1 000-grain weight (g) | 结实率 Filled grain rate (%) | 实际产量 Yield (kg×hm-2) |
| 早稻?Early rice | CK | 13.40±0.33 | 146.24±12.02 | 15.80±0.81 | 81.94±0.66 | 6 714.17±228.86 |
| RC | 19.04±0.64* | 135.97±9.37 | 15.34±0.44 | 80.13±1.23 | 7 463.19±251.08* | |
| 晚稻?Late rice | CK | 14.07±0.81 | 139.64±6.31 | 16.05±0.29 | 77.54±1.37 | 6 388.19±124.10 |
| RC | 16.93±1.24* | 129.35±3.50 | 16.10±0.23 | 79.77±1.68 | 6 564.73±229.56 | |
| CK:水稻单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。同列同季节中“*”表示P < 0.05水平上差异显著。CK: rice monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping. “*” in the same column at the same season indicates significant difference at P < 0.05. | ||||||
下载: 导出CSV表23种生产模式下早稻经济效益概算
Table2.Estimation of economic benefits of rice-Canna indica intercropping in early rice season
| ￥·hm-2 | ||||
| 项目Item | CK | CM | RC | |
| 投入资金 Capital investment | 稻种Rice seed | 1 200 | 0 | 600 |
| 花苗Flower seedling | 0 | 76 943.25 | 24 297.90 | |
| 育秧盘Seeding trays | 840 | 0 | 420 | |
| 有机肥Organic fertilizer | 3 000 | 3 000 | 3 000 | |
| 化肥Chemical fertilizer | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 除草剂Herbicide | 375 | 375 | 375 | |
| 除螺剂Molluscicide | 720 | 720 | 720 | |
| 人工种植Manual cultivation | 4 200 | 4 200 | 4 200 | |
| 机械翻地Mechanical tilling | 1 800 | 1 800 | 1 800 | |
| 机械收割Mechanical harvest | 2 250 | 0 | 0 | |
| 人工收割Manual harvest | 0 | 4 200 | 4 050 | |
| 投入小计Total of input | 14 385 | 91 238.25 | 39 462.90 | |
| 产值 Output value | 水稻Rice | 25 178.14 | 0 | 13 993.47 |
| 美人蕉Canna indica | 0 | 138 497.85 | 43 736.22 | |
| 总计Total | 25 178.14 | 138 497.85 | 57 729.69 | |
| 纯利润Net profit | 总计Total | 10 793.14 | 47 259.60 | 18 266.79 |
| CK:水稻单作; CM:美人蕉单作; RC:水稻与美人蕉间作。表中稻谷出米率按75%计, 普通大米价格按5.0元·kg-1计, 美人蕉按2.0元·株-1计(参考市场价格), 美人蕉成活率按90%计。CK: rice monocropping; CM: Canna indica monocropping; RC: rice and Canna indica intercropping. In the table, the rate of the rice yield is 75%, the price of rice is 5.0 ￥·kg-1, the price of Canna indica is 2.0 ￥·kg-1 (according to the market price), the survival rate of Canna indica is 90%. | ||||
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