Method for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea Mutagenesis on Hermaphroditic Germ Cells of Rice
Huaidong Tian,1,3,*, Jing Li1, Baohua Tian1, Pengfei Niu1, Zhen Li1, Zhongxiao Yue1, Yajuan Qu1, Jianfang Jiang1, Guangyuan Wang2, Huihui Cen1, Nan Li1, Feng Yan11. Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Genetic Resources of Crop, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China 2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China 3. Shanxi Jingkang Agriculture Technology Promotion Co. Ltd, Jinzhong 030600, China
Abstract N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) has been used in mutagenesis of fertilized eggs of rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the method for MNU mutagenesis on hermaphroditic germ cells of rice was established by in vivo synchronous MNU treatment of mature germ-organs in the rice cultivar Liaoyan 6 and the screening of the progeny populations. As compared with MNU treatment of fertilized eggs in Liaoyan 6, MNU treatment of hermaphroditic germ cells under each group of conditions significantly decreased the growth and development indexes of M1 populations and increased the incidence of mutant characters in M1-M2 populations. When the hermaphroditic germ cells were treated for 60 min in MNU buffer (pH 4.8) containing 1.5 mmol?L -1 MNU and 10 mmol?L -1 phosphate, the incidence of mutant characters was about 3 times higher than that based on the MNU treatment of fertilized eggs. A series of homozygous mutants including novel plant and grain mutants were obtained by further screening M3 populations. The method for MNU mutagenesis on mature hermaphroditic germ-cells of rice significantly improved the efficiency of broad-spectrum mutagenesis. Its application can provide efficient technical support for large-scale development of various mutants for identifying unknown functional genes and breeding rice. Keywords:rice;hermaphroditic germ cells;N-methyl-N-nitrosourea;mutagenesis
PDF (1972KB)摘要页面多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 田怀东, 李菁, 田保华, 牛鹏飞, 李珍, 岳忠孝, 屈雅娟, 姜建芳, 王广元, 岑慧慧, 李南, 闫枫. 水稻两性生殖细胞的N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲诱变方法. 植物学报, 2019, 54(5): 625-633 doi:10.11983/CBB18243 Tian Huaidong, Li Jing, Tian Baohua, Niu Pengfei, Li Zhen, Yue Zhongxiao, Qu Yajuan, Jiang Jianfang, Wang Guangyuan, Cen Huihui, Li Nan, Yan Feng. Method for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea Mutagenesis on Hermaphroditic Germ Cells of Rice. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2019, 54(5): 625-633 doi:10.11983/CBB18243
作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变。物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005)。生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018)。基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验。CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019)。化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法。
Table 2 表2 表2MNU处理因素对辽盐6号水稻生殖细胞M1群体生长发育的影响 Table 2Effects of MNU-treatment factors on growth and development of M1 populations of germ cells of Liaoyan 6 rice cultivar
Table 3 表3 表3辽盐6号水稻生殖细胞的MNU处理因素对M1-M2群体中突变性状表达的影响 Table 3Effects of MNU-treatment factors on mutant-character expression in M1-M2 populations of germ cells of Liaoyan 6 rice cultivar
(A) 野生型秆; (B) 多分蘖秆; (C) 少分蘖秆; (D), (E) 矮化秆。Bars=10 cm。MNU同表1。 Figure 1Mutant characters for culm form in M1-M3 populations obtained by the MNU treatments of germ cells of Liaoyan 6 rice cultivar
(A) The wild type culm; (B) Multiple-tiller culm; (C) Less-tiller culm; (D), (E) Dwarf culm. Bars=10 cm. MNU see Table 1.
(A) 野生型叶; (B) 宽叶; (C) 细卷叶; (D) 竖叶; (E) 深绿叶; (F) 浅绿叶; (G) 黄叶缘; (H) 斑点叶。Bars=5 cm。MNU同表1。 Figure 2Mutant characters for leaf form and leaf color in M1-M3 populations obtained by the MNU treatments of germ cells of Liaoyan 6 rice cultivar
(A) The wild type leaf; (B) Wide leaf; (C) Narrow and rolled leaf; (D) Vertical leaf; (E) Deep-green leaf; (F) Light-green leaf; (G) Yellow margin; (H) Spotted leaf. Bars=5 cm. MNU see Table 1.
(A) 野生型穗; (B) 短穗; (C) 不育穗; (D) 泛红穗。Bars=5 cm。MNU同表1。 Figure 3Mutant characters for panicle form and panicle color in M1-M3 populations obtained by the MNU treatments of germ cells of Liaoyan 6 rice cultivar
(A) The wild type panicle; (B) Short panicle; (C) Sterile panicle; (D) Reddish panicle. Bars=5 cm. MNU see Table 1.
(A) 野生型颖; (B) 有芒颖; (C) 紫黑颖; (D) 红棕颖。Bars=5 mm。MNU同表1。 Figure 4Mutant characters for glume form and glume color in M1-M3 populations obtained by the MNU treatments of germ cells of Liaoyan 6 rice cultivar
(A) The wild type glume; (B) Awning glume; (C) Purple-black glume; (D) Reddish-brown glume. Bars=5 mm. MNU see Table 1.
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... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
中国水稻功能基因组研究进展与展望 1 2015
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Oxidative DNA damage: mechanisms, mutation, and disease 1 2003
... 水稻的化学诱变起始于MNU、EMS (ethylmethylsulfone)对种子的诱变研究.MNU和EMS的诱变机理在哺乳动物和微生物中已被报道(Swain and Scott, 1953; Neale, 1976; Engelbergs et al., 2000; Cooke et al., 2003).其中, EMS是具有较高的斯温-斯科特底物常数(S常数)的SN2型诱变剂, 主要攻击DNA中高亲核性位点环氮原子, 很少在氧原子位点引起烷基化, 依赖修复系统的易错途径诱导突变.与EMS不同, MNU是有较低S常数的SN1型诱变剂, 对DNA中低亲核性中心氧原子位点具有高反应性, 独立于易错修复系统、基于碱基转换(GC-AT)诱发点突变.由于MNU与EMS的诱变机理不同, 因此水稻两性生殖细胞的MNU处理在提高诱变率的同时, 能够拓展基因的诱变谱. ...
Role of DNA repair in carcinogen-induced 1 2000
... 水稻的化学诱变起始于MNU、EMS (ethylmethylsulfone)对种子的诱变研究.MNU和EMS的诱变机理在哺乳动物和微生物中已被报道(Swain and Scott, 1953; Neale, 1976; Engelbergs et al., 2000; Cooke et al., 2003).其中, EMS是具有较高的斯温-斯科特底物常数(S常数)的SN2型诱变剂, 主要攻击DNA中高亲核性位点环氮原子, 很少在氧原子位点引起烷基化, 依赖修复系统的易错途径诱导突变.与EMS不同, MNU是有较低S常数的SN1型诱变剂, 对DNA中低亲核性中心氧原子位点具有高反应性, 独立于易错修复系统、基于碱基转换(GC-AT)诱发点突变.由于MNU与EMS的诱变机理不同, 因此水稻两性生殖细胞的MNU处理在提高诱变率的同时, 能够拓展基因的诱变谱. ...
The dual roles of the Golgi transport 1 (GOT1B): RNA localization to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum and the export of proglutelin and α-globulin from the cortical ER to the golgi 0 2016
The small GTPase Rab5a is essential for intracellular transport of proglutelin from the golgi apparatus to the protein storage vacuole and endosomal membrane organization in developing rice endosperm 1 2011
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
A guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab5 proteins is essential for intracellular transport of the proglutelin from the golgi apparatus to the protein storage vacuole in rice endosperm 1 2013
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
A draft sequence of the rice genome ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) 1 2002
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Rice plant development: from zygote to spikelet 1 2005
Cytosine, but not adenine, base editors induce genome-wide off- target mutations in rice 1 2019
... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
Vacuolar processing enzyme plays an essential role in the crystalline structure of glutelin in rice seed 1 2010
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Manipulating plant RNA-silencing pathways to improve the gene editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 systems 1 2018
... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
Starch synthase IIa-deficient mutant rice line produces endosperm starch with lower gelatinization temperature than japonica rice cultivars 1 2018
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Mutagenicity of nitrosamides and nitrosamidines in micro-organisms and plants 1 1976
... 水稻的化学诱变起始于MNU、EMS (ethylmethylsulfone)对种子的诱变研究.MNU和EMS的诱变机理在哺乳动物和微生物中已被报道(Swain and Scott, 1953; Neale, 1976; Engelbergs et al., 2000; Cooke et al., 2003).其中, EMS是具有较高的斯温-斯科特底物常数(S常数)的SN2型诱变剂, 主要攻击DNA中高亲核性位点环氮原子, 很少在氧原子位点引起烷基化, 依赖修复系统的易错途径诱导突变.与EMS不同, MNU是有较低S常数的SN1型诱变剂, 对DNA中低亲核性中心氧原子位点具有高反应性, 独立于易错修复系统、基于碱基转换(GC-AT)诱发点突变.由于MNU与EMS的诱变机理不同, 因此水稻两性生殖细胞的MNU处理在提高诱变率的同时, 能够拓展基因的诱变谱. ...
Biochemical and genetic analysis of the effects of amylose- extender mutation in rice endosperm 1 2001
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Inheritance of alleles for glutelin α-2 subunit genes in rice and identification of their corresponding cDNA clone 1 2002
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Biochemical and molecular characterization of a rice glutelin allele for the GluA-1 gene 1 2003
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Use of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treatment of fertilized egg cells for saturation mutagenesis of rice 1 2010
Mutation of the plastidial α-glucan phosphorylase gene in rice affects the synthesis and structure of starch in the endosperm 1 2008
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Targeted genome modification of crop plants using a CRISPR-Cas system 1 2013
... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
MNUinduced mutant pools and high performance TILLING enable finding of any gene mutation in rice 1 2008
... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
Quantitative correlation of relative rates. Comparison of hydroxide ion with other nucleophilic reagents toward alkyl halides, esters, epoxides and acyl halides 1 1953
... 水稻的化学诱变起始于MNU、EMS (ethylmethylsulfone)对种子的诱变研究.MNU和EMS的诱变机理在哺乳动物和微生物中已被报道(Swain and Scott, 1953; Neale, 1976; Engelbergs et al., 2000; Cooke et al., 2003).其中, EMS是具有较高的斯温-斯科特底物常数(S常数)的SN2型诱变剂, 主要攻击DNA中高亲核性位点环氮原子, 很少在氧原子位点引起烷基化, 依赖修复系统的易错途径诱导突变.与EMS不同, MNU是有较低S常数的SN1型诱变剂, 对DNA中低亲核性中心氧原子位点具有高反应性, 独立于易错修复系统、基于碱基转换(GC-AT)诱发点突变.由于MNU与EMS的诱变机理不同, 因此水稻两性生殖细胞的MNU处理在提高诱变率的同时, 能够拓展基因的诱变谱. ...
The rice mutant esp2 greatly accumulates the glutelin precursor and deletes the protein disulfide isomerase 1 2002
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Inheritance of novel 57H mutations in rice and their effect on compartmentation of endosperm storage proteins 1 2004
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...
Mutant resources for the functional analysis of the rice genome 1 2013
... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
Chemical- and irradiation-induced mutants of indica rice IR64 for forward and reverse genetics 1 2005
... 作物诱变包括物理诱变、生物诱变和化学诱变.物理诱变基于射线等物理诱变因子对染色体的损伤诱发突变(Wu et al., 2005).生物诱变主要基于T-DNA和Ac/Ds、Tos17转座子插入的转基因技术及CRIPSR/Cas9基因编辑技术, 诱发植物基因突变(Wang et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2018).基于T-DNA和转座子插入创制的作物突变体利用前景, 在转基因生物安全方面经受着严峻的考验.CRIPSR/Cas9对外来DNA有定点编辑功能, 已用于特定作物基因位点的靶向修饰(Shan et al., 2013); 同时, CRIPSR/ Cas9及其衍生的单碱基编辑系统具有脱靶效应(王影等, 2018), 可在水稻基因组范围诱发脱靶性变异(Jin et al., 2019).化学诱变是使用化学诱变剂随机诱发作物内源性突变的方法(Suzuki et al., 2008), 具有成本低、操作简单、诱变谱广及基因变异率高的优点, 是开发作物基因突变材料的有效方法. ...
A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) 1 2002
... MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea)是一种可诱导碱基转换(GC-AT)的高效基因诱变剂.为了解决水稻种子诱变中嵌合体的发生问题, Satoh等(2010)逐步确立了水稻受精卵的MNU诱变方法; 通过对水稻受精卵MNU诱变突变体进行研究, 鉴定了一些关于胚乳贮藏蛋白和淀粉性状的基因突变(Nishi et al., 2001; Takemoto et al., 2002; Qu et al., 2002, 2003; Tian et al., 2004; Satoh et al., 2008; Kumamaru et al., 2010; Fukuda et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Miura et al., 2018).籼稻和粳稻的基因组分别包含46 022-55 615和32 000-50 000个基因(Yu et al., 2002; Goff et al., 2002).肖景华等(2015)指出水稻基因组的39 045个基因位点具有编码蛋白质的能力, 已克隆水稻基因的数目约为2 000个.水稻突变体的利用促进了部分功能基因的鉴定, 然而, 大多数水稻基因的生物学功能仍然未知.其主要原因在于诱变效率低所致的水稻基因突变材料不足. ...