,*中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所, 上海 200032NRT1.1B Connects Root Microbiota and Nitrogen Use in Rice
Xiaolin Wang, Ertao Wang,*Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China通讯作者:
收稿日期:2019-03-31接受日期:2019-04-2网络出版日期:2019-07-01
Corresponding authors:
Received:2019-03-31Accepted:2019-04-2Online:2019-07-01
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王孝林, 王二涛. 根际微生物促进水稻氮利用的机制. 植物学报, 2019, 54(3): 285-287 doi:10.11983/CBB19060
Wang Xiaolin, Wang Ertao.
在土壤中, 植物根系与微生物互作。根际微生物可以促进植物在自然界的生存, 其作用机制主要包括: (1) 促进植物从环境中获取营养, 例如, 菌根真菌溶磷和根瘤菌固氮(Oldroyd et al., 2011; Mbodj et al., 2018); (2) 通过激素合成或降解调控植物的生长和环境适应性(Duan et al., 2014); (3) 通过与致病菌的作用或诱导植物产生抗性而调控免疫反应(Bulgarelli et al., 2013; Santhanam et al., 2015)。此外, 根际微生物也可以与宿主植物竞争土壤中的营养物质, 或作为致病菌攻击植物(Berendsen et al., 2012)。研究表明, 植物根系选择性地招募特定的土壤微生物, 主要包括变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌(Firmicutes)等, 而微生物特异富集主要取决于植物的根际区系、土壤类型、营养状况和发育阶段等因素(Bulgarelli et al., 2012; Edwards et al., 2015; Walters et al., 2018)。然而, 同一物种的不同植物群体间根际微生物的组成变化及遗传调控机理却鲜有报道。
亚洲栽培稻(Oryza sativa)主要分为籼稻(Indica)和粳稻(Japonica)。籼稻通常比粳稻具有更高的氮利用效率, 其中一个主要因素与其从土壤中吸收氮的效率相关(Hu et al., 2015)。最近, 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所白洋课题组与储成才课题组合作, 揭示了土壤微生物群落调控籼稻和粳稻的氮利用效率差异的重要机制。通过对68份籼稻材料和27份粳稻材料的根际微生物进行研究, 他们发现籼稻根系特异富集的微生物类群分布在δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteo- bacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸酐菌门(Acidobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等, 而粳稻根系富集的微生物主要集中在α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)。对籼稻根系特异富集的微生物功能进行预测分析, 发现参与氮代谢的通路被富集, 包括氨化信号通路(nitrate ammonification and nitrite ammonification pathway)和氮呼吸信号通路(nitrate respiration, nitrite respiration and nitrogen respiration pathway) (Zhang et al., 2019)。上述结果暗示根际微生物群落的变化可能与籼粳之间氮素利用效率相关。
储成才研究团队前期对水稻氮肥利用效率的研究显示, 硝酸盐转运蛋白NRT1.1B的单个氨基酸变异是决定籼稻氮利用效率高于粳稻的主要因素之一(Hu et al., 2015)。近期, 通过比较野生型中花11与nrt1.1b突变体的根际微生物, 他们发现NRT1.1B的缺失改变了籼稻中49.6%的根际微生物群属, 表明NRT1.1B在籼稻招募特异的根际微生物中扮演着重要角色(Zhang et al., 2019)。
作者通过分离粳稻和籼稻特异富集的微生物, 进一步构建人工微生物群落(SynCom), 验证其在水稻生长及营养吸收中的作用。通过分别接种粳稻和籼稻特异富集的人工微生物群落, 在硝态氮或氨态氮充足条件下, 人工微生物群落会抑制水稻的生长; 但在以有机氮作为唯一氮源的条件下, 籼稻特异富集的人工微生物群落能促进水稻的生长, 表明水稻可以通过招募特异的根际微生物提高对有机氮源的利用效率(Zhang et al., 2019) (图1)。该研究结果为解析微生物群落调控植物氮营养, 特别是籼稻与粳稻氮利用效率的分子机制提供了重要线索。
图1
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT图1水稻通过NRT1.1B基因协同根系微生物利用土壤氮元素
籼稻比粳稻富集更多参与氮代谢的根系微生物。这些微生物将有机氮转化为氨态氮, 提高水稻氮元素利用效率。籼稻和粳稻特异富集的根系微生物与NRT1.1B基因相关联。
Figure 1Rice plants coordinate root microbiota to utilize soil nitrogen by NRT1.1B
Indica and japonica rice varieties recruit distinct root microb- iota. The biological progresses related to nitrogen metabolism are specifically enriched in indica-enriched bacteria. These bacteria transform organic nitrogen to ammonium, facilitating the nitrogen utilization in rice. NRT1.1B is associated with the recruitments of indica and japonica-specific bacterial taxa.
在全球生态系统退化和气候变化的背景下, 强化微生物在农业生态系统中的功能可能是未来农业可持续发展的重要方向之一(Toju et al., 2018)。然而, 如何利用微生物群落提高作物生长和环境适应性仍然面临挑战(Bender et al., 2016; Toju et al., 2018)。植物可以选择根内和根际微生物群落(Bulgarelli et al., 2013), 这一特性为通过选择特定土壤微生物促进作物营养吸收提供借鉴(Toju et al., 2018)。前人的研究表明, 对植物进行遗传修饰、改造根际微生物群落, 可提高作物的营养吸收效率, 有利于降低农业化肥污染(Chaparro et al., 2012; Beckers et al., 2016)。该研究揭示了水稻不同群体的遗传特性与根际微生物差异之间的调控机制, 为通过根际微生物管理提高作物营养吸收提供了理论支撑。
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Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway, represents a promising biotechnological target to reduce lignin levels and to improve the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biomass. However, silencing of the CCR gene results in considerable flux changes of the general and monolignol-specific lignin pathways, ultimately leading to the accumulation of var...
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Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) consists of two main subspecies, indica and japonica. Indica has higher nitrate-absorption activity than japonica, but the molecular mechanisms underlying that activity remain elusive. Here we show that variation in a nitrate-transporter gene, NRT1.1B (OsNPF6.5), may contribute to this divergence in nitrate use. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NRT1.1B diverges between indica and japonica. NRT1.1B-indica variation was associated with enhanced nitrate uptake and root-to-shoot transport and upregulated expression of nitrate-responsive genes. The selection signature of NRT1.1B-indica suggests that nitrate-use divergence occurred during rice domestication. Notably, field tests with near-isogenic and transgenic lines confirmed that the japonica variety carrying the NRT1.1B-indica allele had significantly improved grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) compared to the variety without that allele. Our results show that variation in NRT1.1B largely explains nitrate-use divergence between indica and japonica and that NRT1.1B-indica can potentially improve the NUE of japonica.
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In this very large-scale longitudinal field study of the maize rhizosphere microbiome, we identify heritable taxa. These taxa display variance in their relative abundances that can be partially explained by genetic differences between the maize lines, above and beyond the strong influences of field, plant age, and weather on the diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome. If these heritable taxa are associated with beneficial traits, they may serve as phenotypes in future breeding endeavors. Soil microbes that colonize plant roots and are responsive to differences in plant genotype remain to be ascertained for agronomically important crops. From a very large-scale longitudinal field study of 27 maize inbred lines planted in three fields, with partial replication 5 y later, we identify root-associated microbiota exhibiting reproducible associations with plant genotype. Analysis of 4,866 samples identified 143 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) whose variation in relative abundances across the samples was significantly regulated by plant genotype, and included five of seven core OTUs present in all samples. Plant genetic effects were significant amid the large effects of plant age on the rhizosphere microbiome, regardless of the specific community of each field, and despite microbiome responses to climate events. Seasonal patterns showed that the plant root microbiome is locally seeded, changes with plant growth, and responds to weather events. However, against this background of variation, specific taxa responded to differences in host genotype. If shown to have beneficial functions, microbes may be considered candidate traits for selective breeding.
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1
2015
... 在土壤中, 植物根系与微生物互作.根际微生物可以促进植物在自然界的生存, 其作用机制主要包括: (1) 促进植物从环境中获取营养, 例如, 菌根真菌溶磷和根瘤菌固氮(
Core microbiomes for sustainable agroecosystems
3
2018
... 在全球生态系统退化和气候变化的背景下, 强化微生物在农业生态系统中的功能可能是未来农业可持续发展的重要方向之一(
... ;
... ), 这一特性为通过选择特定土壤微生物促进作物营养吸收提供借鉴(
Large-scale replicated field study of maize rhizosphere identifies heritable microbes
1
2018
... 在土壤中, 植物根系与微生物互作.根际微生物可以促进植物在自然界的生存, 其作用机制主要包括: (1) 促进植物从环境中获取营养, 例如, 菌根真菌溶磷和根瘤菌固氮(
NRT1.1B contributes the association of root microbiota and nitrogen use in rice
3
2019
... 亚洲栽培稻(Oryza sativa)主要分为籼稻(Indica)和粳稻(Japonica).籼稻通常比粳稻具有更高的氮利用效率, 其中一个主要因素与其从土壤中吸收氮的效率相关(
... 储成才研究团队前期对水稻氮肥利用效率的研究显示, 硝酸盐转运蛋白NRT1.1B的单个氨基酸变异是决定籼稻氮利用效率高于粳稻的主要因素之一(
... 作者通过分离粳稻和籼稻特异富集的微生物, 进一步构建人工微生物群落(SynCom), 验证其在水稻生长及营养吸收中的作用.通过分别接种粳稻和籼稻特异富集的人工微生物群落, 在硝态氮或氨态氮充足条件下, 人工微生物群落会抑制水稻的生长; 但在以有机氮作为唯一氮源的条件下, 籼稻特异富集的人工微生物群落能促进水稻的生长, 表明水稻可以通过招募特异的根际微生物提高对有机氮源的利用效率(
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