Abstract: We evaluated alkaline salt tolerance in four hybrids of Vitis amurensis cv. ‘Zuoshan1’ × ‘SO4’ (A11, A14, A15, A17) and 2 hybrids of V. amurensis cv. ‘Zuoshan1’ × ‘101-1’ (B24, B26) to assess the physiological response of these hybrids and identify the strains with high alkaline salt tolerance as candidate rootstocks for saline-alkali land. Rootstock 1103P and V. vinifera cv. ‘Crimson Seedless’ were conducted as double controls. The potted grapevines were irrigated with 100 mmol∙L-1 NaHCO3 (pH8.62). Comprehensive assessment was based on principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The plant height, root activity, leaf and plant water content were reduced under NaHCO3 treatment, whereas the electrical conductivity, MDA content, soluble sugar and free proline content were increased. The plant height of A17 was minimally affected. The plant water content was slightly reduced in Crimson, A17 and B24. The difference in root activity of A14 and A15 was not significant, compared with that of their own controls, and the difference in electric conductivity of 1103P, B24, A14, B26, Crimson and A15 was not significant, compared with that of their own controls. MDA content for B26, A17 and A15 did not differ from that of their own controls. Soluble sugar and free proline content of A15 increased the most after NaHCO3 treatment. According to the D value, A14, A15, B24 had strong alkali resistance; Crimson, A11 and A17 had medium alkali resistance; and 1103P and B26 had weak resistance.
Key words:grape ; hybrid rootstock ; alkali salt tolerance
2 结果与讨论2.1 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄生长发育的影响碱性盐处理后葡萄幼苗生长情况见图1。由图1和图2可知, 碱性盐胁迫降低了各植株生长量, 其中A17株高增长量与其对照相比差异最小, 仅比对照株高低39.8%, 其余品种和株系的株高增长量与各自对照相比均降低55%以上。 在正常生长条件下, 各品种和株系的叶片含水量与植株含水量均在80%以上(1103P除外, 叶片含水量为79.11%, 植株含水量为74.31%)。碱性盐胁迫下, B26、A14和Crimson的叶片含水量分别比对照降低了2.4%、2.8%和3.6%, 其余均比对照降低6.5%以上, 且差异达显著水平; Crimson、A17和B24的植株含水量分别比对照降低了1.4%、5.9%和6.0%, 其余与对照相比均降低8.8%以上, 且差异达显著水平。 图1https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_1.png图1 碱性盐处理后葡萄幼苗的生长情况 (A1)-(H1) 分别表示A11、A14、A15、A17、B24、B26、Crimson和1103P各自对照的生长情况; (A2)-(H2) 分别表示A11、A14、A15、A17、B24、B26、Crimson和1103P在NaHCO3处理8天后的生长情况。 Figure 1 The growth of grape seedlings after alkaline salt treatment (A1)-(H1) Represent the growth of the controls of A11, A14, A15, A17, B24, B26, Crimson and 1103P; (A2)-(H2) Represent the growth of A11, A14, A15, A17, B24, B26, Crimson, and 1103P after 8-day NaHCO3 treatment. Figure 1https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_1.png图1 碱性盐处理后葡萄幼苗的生长情况 (A1)-(H1) 分别表示A11、A14、A15、A17、B24、B26、Crimson和1103P各自对照的生长情况; (A2)-(H2) 分别表示A11、A14、A15、A17、B24、B26、Crimson和1103P在NaHCO3处理8天后的生长情况。 Figure 1 The growth of grape seedlings after alkaline salt treatment (A1)-(H1) Represent the growth of the controls of A11, A14, A15, A17, B24, B26, Crimson and 1103P; (A2)-(H2) Represent the growth of A11, A14, A15, A17, B24, B26, Crimson, and 1103P after 8-day NaHCO3 treatment.
图1 碱性盐处理后葡萄幼苗的生长情况 (A1)-(H1) 分别表示A11、A14、A15、A17、B24、B26、Crimson和1103P各自对照的生长情况; (A2)-(H2) 分别表示A11、A14、A15、A17、B24、B26、Crimson和1103P在NaHCO3处理8天后的生长情况。 Figure 1 The growth of grape seedlings after alkaline salt treatment (A1)-(H1) Represent the growth of the controls of A11, A14, A15, A17, B24, B26, Crimson and 1103P; (A2)-(H2) Represent the growth of A11, A14, A15, A17, B24, B26, Crimson, and 1103P after 8-day NaHCO3 treatment.
图2https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_2.png图2 碱性盐胁迫对不同葡萄生长状况的影响 (A) 株高; (B) 叶片含水量; (C) 植株含水量。不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 2 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the plant growth of different grape strains (A) Plant height; (B) Leaf water content; (C) Plant water content. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. Figure 2https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_2.png图2 碱性盐胁迫对不同葡萄生长状况的影响 (A) 株高; (B) 叶片含水量; (C) 植株含水量。不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 2 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the plant growth of different grape strains (A) Plant height; (B) Leaf water content; (C) Plant water content. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
图2 碱性盐胁迫对不同葡萄生长状况的影响 (A) 株高; (B) 叶片含水量; (C) 植株含水量。不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 2 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the plant growth of different grape strains (A) Plant height; (B) Leaf water content; (C) Plant water content. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
2.2 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄根系活力的影响碱性盐胁迫降低了各株系根系活力(图3), A14与A15根系活力降低幅度较小, 与对照差异不显著, 其余株系与对照相比均呈显著差异。B26、1103P、Crimson、A11、B24和A17的根系活力分别比对照降低43.5%、43.5%、60.0%、65.5%、69.1%和69.8%。 图3https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_3.png图3 碱性盐胁迫对不同葡萄根系活力的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 3 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the root activity of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. Figure 3https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_3.png图3 碱性盐胁迫对不同葡萄根系活力的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 3 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the root activity of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
图3 碱性盐胁迫对不同葡萄根系活力的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 3 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the root activity of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
2.3 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄电导率及丙二醛含量的影响在碱性盐处理下, 各株系丙二醛含量与对照相比均呈升高趋势(图4A)。其中, B26、A17和A15丙二醛含量分别比各自对照升高6.4%、22.0%和29.2%, 且差异不显著; 1103P、A11、Crimson、B24和A14丙二醛含量分别比各自对照升高30.8%、48.1%、59.4%、69.0%和93.7%, 且与对照相比差异显著。 碱性盐处理8天后, 1103P、B24、A14、B26、Crimson和A15的相对电导率分别比对照高17.0%、17.3%、28.5%、29.2%、29.7%和34.6%, 与对照相比差异不显著; 而A17和A11与各自对照差异显著, 分别比对照高31.7%和45.6% (图4B)。 图4https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_4.png图4 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量(A)和电导率(B)的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 4 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the leaf malondial- dehyde (MDA) content (A) and electrical conductivity (B) of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. Figure 4https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_4.png图4 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量(A)和电导率(B)的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 4 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the leaf malondial- dehyde (MDA) content (A) and electrical conductivity (B) of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
图4 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量(A)和电导率(B)的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 4 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the leaf malondial- dehyde (MDA) content (A) and electrical conductivity (B) of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
2.4 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片渗透调节物质的影响碱性盐处理8天后, 各株系的可溶性糖含量均显著升高(图5A)。碱性盐胁迫后A15可溶性糖含量增加最多, 比对照增加了96.8%; 其次为1103P、A14、B24、Crimson、A17、A11和B26, 分别比对照增加93.1%、85.1%、75.5%、67.0%、62.2%、50.5%和13.0%, 差异均达显著水平。 由图5B可知, 各品种和株系在碱性盐处理下植株的游离脯氨酸含量与各自对照相比均显著升高, 游离脯氨酸含量增加程度由高到低依次为A15、B24、B26、1103P、A14、A11、Crimson和A17, 分别为对照的2.34、2.13、2.13、2.00、1.99、1.63、1.43和1.11倍。 图5https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_5.png图5 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片可溶性糖(A)与游离脯氨酸含量(B)的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 5 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the leaf soluble sugar (A) and free proline content (B) of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. Figure 5https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-1-51/img_5.png图5 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片可溶性糖(A)与游离脯氨酸含量(B)的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 5 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the leaf soluble sugar (A) and free proline content (B) of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
图5 碱性盐胁迫对葡萄叶片可溶性糖(A)与游离脯氨酸含量(B)的影响 不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。 Figure 5 The effect of alkaline salt stress on the leaf soluble sugar (A) and free proline content (B) of different grape strains Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level.
2.7 各品种和株系耐碱性综合评价根据公式计算各葡萄品种和株系综合耐碱能力的大小(D值) (表3), 并根据D值对耐碱性进行排序。其中, B24的D值最大, 表明其耐碱性最强; B26的D值最小, 表明其耐碱性最弱。根据D值将所有品种和株系分为5类, 耐碱性强的株系有B24和A14, 较强的有A15, 中等的有Crimson、A11和A17, 较弱的有1103P, 最弱的为B26。5类材料按耐碱性盐能力从强到弱D值的平均值依次为2.90、2.79、2.61、2.51和1.65。 表3 Table 3 表3 表3 100 mmol∙L-1 NaHCO3胁迫处理下各葡萄品种和株系综合指标值、D值及综合评价 Table 3 Comprehensive index value, D value and comprehensive evaluation of different grape strains under 100 mmol∙L-1 NaHCO3 stress
Index
A11
A14
A15
A17
B24
B26
Crimson
1103P
CI1
1.78
1.65
1.43
1.79
1.86
0.72
1.92
1.36
CI2
1.49
2.34
2.34
1.17
1.84
1.53
1.60
1.96
CI3
-0.02
-0.08
0.39
0.04
0.07
0.13
0.02
0.30
CI4
0.63
0.84
0.90
0.72
0.91
0.79
0.89
0.91
CI5
1.20
0.96
1.20
1.00
0.86
1.11
1.06
0.89
D value
2.65
2.89
2.79
2.52
2.91
1.65
2.66
2.51
Alkali resistance evaluation
Middle
Strong
Strong
Middle
Strong
Weak
Middle
Weak
表3 100 mmol∙L-1 NaHCO3胁迫处理下各葡萄品种和株系综合指标值、D值及综合评价 Table 3 Comprehensive index value, D value and comprehensive evaluation of different grape strains under 100 mmol∙L-1 NaHCO3 stress
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