Linkages of aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate with ecosystem multifunctionality in alpine grassland, Qingzang Plateau
Jian SUN,,1,*, Yi WANG1,2, Guo-Hua LIU31Key Laboratory of Observation and Simulation of Ecological Networks, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China 3State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Abstract Aims As one of the major terrestrial ecosystems of the world, a small fluctuation of grassland soil carbon (C) would affect the carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem and ecosystem multifunctionlity (EMF). The carbon accumulation rate (CAR) of aboveground community well reflects the capacity and efficiency of carbon sequestration in a field from the start to the peak of a growing season. The changes in plant CAR could influence the ability of above- and below-ground community. Currently, the majority of studies have primarily focused on the relationship between community diversity and EMF, while the linkages of CAR with EMF were understudied. We aimed to explore the process and underlying mechanism of how CAR affecting EMF in alpine grassland community. Our results would improve the understanding of EMF maintenance mechanism and provide theoretical support for alpine ecosystem management. Methods We conducted a field transect survey which consists of a total of 115 sample sites of alpine grasslands on the Qingzang Plateau from July to August 2015. The ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) was calculated from 13 key ecosystem parameters including soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content above- and belowground biomass etc. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, 1982-2013) was adopted to obtain the phenology in 2015. We calculated the CAR value. To explore the underlying mechanism of how CAR affecting EMF, the annual total precipitation and temperature were extracted by the method of thin disk smooth spline interpolation based on observations of meteorological stations from 2011-2015. Important findings Belowground biomass, soil organic carbon content, total phosphorus content and microbial biomass carbon content had high weighting for CAR (0.58, 0.80, 0.83 and 0.79) and M (1.05, 0.98, 1.02 and 0.97). There was a significantly positive correlation between CAR and M (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.01). Our findings suggested that the synergism of plant community and soil elements affected CAR and further regulated EMF under the influences of precipitation and temperature. Keywords:ecosystem multifunctionlity;carbon accumulation rate;alpine grassland;soil organic carbon;Qingzang Plateau
PDF (1584KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 孙建, 王毅, 刘国华. 青藏高原高寒草地地上植物碳积累速率对生态系统多功能性的影响机制. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 496-506. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0180 SUN Jian, WANG Yi, LIU Guo-Hua. Linkages of aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate with ecosystem multifunctionality in alpine grassland, Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 496-506. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0180
近年来, 在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下, ****围绕草地生态系统功能以及物种多样性展开了一系列的研究, 但是多数研究主要集中于某种生态系统功能与驱动因子的关系(Wu et al., 2014)。随着研究的深入, 研究者逐渐在不同时间、空间、生境、土壤和气候条件下探讨生态系统多功能性(EMF)的变化(Zavaleta et al., 2010; Lefcheck et al., 2015)。如何量化人类活动、气候变化及其他环境因子对生态系统多功能性的影响, 以及这些驱动因子对多个生态系统功能的影响成为研究的热点(Byrnes et al., 2014)。特别是在全球气候变暖的背景下, 草地碳库作为陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分, 其较小幅度的波动, 将会影响整个陆地生态系统碳循环和EMF。因此, 深入研究草地植被固碳功能和固碳潜力对于适应和减缓气候变化、维持草地EMF具有重要意义。
Fig. 1Sample sites in the study area (A), definition of carbon accumulation rate (CAR): the biomass production of plants from the timing of start of growing season (SOS) to the timing of the peak of growing season (POS)(B), frequency distribution of ecosystem multifunctionality index (M)(C), and frequency distribution of CAR (D).
物候数据来自Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS)规范化差异植被指数第3版数据库(Gonsamo et al., 2018)。其中, 归一化植被指数(NDVI, 1982-2013年)是从Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)传感器获取的基于卫星的地表反射率数据中获得的。通过计算1982-2013年高原植物物候指标确定生长季初始时间(SOS)和生长季高峰时间(POS), 使用线性回归分析得到了2015年的物候指标。在本研究中, 首先采用傅立叶级数模型对NDVI数据集进行平滑(Wang et al., 2018):
Fig. 2Bivariate plots using linear mixed-effect models depicting the relationships of ecosystem multifunctionality index (M)(A) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR)(B) with ecosystem parameters of aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), leaf carbon (LC), leaf nitrogen (LN), leaf phosphorus (LP), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available phosphorus (SAP), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP) content and soil water content (SWC)(mean ± SD). Except for EMF, other data were normalized.
Fig. 4Relationships between ecosystem multifunctionality index (M), carbon accumulation rate (CAR) and different ecosystem parameters. Belowground biomass (BGB), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total phosphorus (STP) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content are ln-transformed data. The shade part indicates the 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 5Influence of annual total precipitation (ATP) and annual mean temperature (AMT) to ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR). ATP is ln-transformed data and AMT is (AMT + 12 °C) ln-transformed data. The shaded part indicates the 95% confidence interval.
Fig. 6Direct and indirect impacts of climatic and key factors on ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR). Path with significant effect is shown in the figure (p < 0.05), solid line represents direct effect and dotted line represents indirect effect; black arrow indicates positive effect and red arrow indicates negative effect. AMT, annual mean temperature; ATP, annual total precipitation; BGB, belowground biomass; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STP, soil total nitrogen content.
3 讨论
3.1 生态系统参数对CAR和EMF的影响
本研究选择与生态系统碳、氮和磷循环相关的13种生态系统参数来表征生态系统多功能, 这些参数与植被生产力、养分循环、土壤有机碳蓄积等密切相关, 能够代表生态系统多功能性(Maestre et al., 2012)。研究发现, 植物叶片碳、氮和磷含量对EMF无显著效应, 对CAR有显著负效应(图2), 这与前人的研究结果(Jing et al., 2015)不一致。一般而言, 叶片的N和P特征是植物长期适应外界环境条件的结果, 这说明植物群落叶片的氮、磷含量可以适应环境因子的变动而迅速调节, 并没有形成较为稳定的元素特征关系, 这一点或许也可以解释为什么本研究植物叶片碳、氮和磷含量对EMF无显著影响(杨阔等, 2010)。而植物叶片C:N可指示植物对土壤因子等环境变化的适应性, 表征植物吸收营养物质同化碳的能力和反映植物对营养的利用效率(Thompson et al., 1997)。因此, 在低的养分条件下, 植物的生长虽然缓慢, 但养分利用效率较高, 具有高的C:N, 叶片碳含量高, 而叶片氮磷含量低(李丹等, 2016)。本研究发现植物叶片氮磷含量对CAR有显著负效应, 符合上述观点。
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Investigating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality: challenges and solutions 1 2014
... 近年来, 在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下, ****围绕草地生态系统功能以及物种多样性展开了一系列的研究, 但是多数研究主要集中于某种生态系统功能与驱动因子的关系(Wu et al., 2014).随着研究的深入, 研究者逐渐在不同时间、空间、生境、土壤和气候条件下探讨生态系统多功能性(EMF)的变化(Zavaleta et al., 2010; Lefcheck et al., 2015).如何量化人类活动、气候变化及其他环境因子对生态系统多功能性的影响, 以及这些驱动因子对多个生态系统功能的影响成为研究的热点(Byrnes et al., 2014).特别是在全球气候变暖的背景下, 草地碳库作为陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分, 其较小幅度的波动, 将会影响整个陆地生态系统碳循环和EMF.因此, 深入研究草地植被固碳功能和固碳潜力对于适应和减缓气候变化、维持草地EMF具有重要意义. ...
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology 1 2012
... 目前, 相对于单个生态系统功能对EMF和CAR的影响而言, 气候要素的影响更加广泛, 且没有很好地将CAR和EMF联系起来, 关注点主要有两个方面(Jing et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2020).一方面体现在水热条件分别对CAR和EMF的显著影响, 另一方面主要表现在水热条件对生物多样性和EMF两者关系的调节作用上(Soliveres et al., 2014; Jing et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2020).本研究发现, 年降水量对CAR和EMF均有显著正效应, 而年平均气温对二者没有显著效应.实际上, 适宜的水热条件和土壤资源(如土壤水和养分)的变化, 能够解释CAR的差异.具体而言, 水资源不足、相对高温、土壤养分匮乏和资源胁迫的环境下, 会严重阻碍CAR, 进一步能影响EMF (Sun et al., 2020).而且, 水分限制会降低光合作用, 进而降低光照条件下叶片吸收CO2的能力(Chapin III et al., 2012), 因此, 我们的研究结果出现年降水量与CAR和M的显著线性正相关关系(图5A、5C).我们的研究发现, 年平均气温与CAR和M的相关关系较弱, 这和前人的研究(Jing et al., 2015)有很多一致性.当然, 区域性因素是影响本试验结果的重要方面, 例如: 针对青海海北高寒草甸, 有研究表明, 温度变化能显著影响植物群落物种组成和多样性, 从而有可能进一步影响群落生产力、CAR和EMF (Klein et al., 2004); 在青藏高原高寒草原, 降水显著影响高寒草原群落盖度和物种组成(李长斌等, 2016), 从而增加群落CAR和EMF; 此外, 有研究指出, 降水量<450 mm的区域内, 影响青藏高原植被生产力变化的主导因子为降水; 降水量>450 mm的区域, 植被生产力变化的主导因子为气温(陈卓奇等, 2012).而且, 经过长时间序列的观察发现, 在青藏高原地区, 气温对植被的影响具有季节性, AGB和夏季平均气温的相关性较高, 与其他季节的平均气温相关性均不显著(李晓东等, 2012); 对干旱生态系统的研究也发现温度升高不会影响EMF (Maestre et al., 2012).在高寒草地生态系统中, 季节性变化明显, 温差很大, 群落对温度的适应性很强, 因此EMF不会对气温的变化有较大响应(Baumann et al., 2009). ...
基于MODIS的青藏高原植被净初级生产力研究 1 2012
... 目前, 相对于单个生态系统功能对EMF和CAR的影响而言, 气候要素的影响更加广泛, 且没有很好地将CAR和EMF联系起来, 关注点主要有两个方面(Jing et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2020).一方面体现在水热条件分别对CAR和EMF的显著影响, 另一方面主要表现在水热条件对生物多样性和EMF两者关系的调节作用上(Soliveres et al., 2014; Jing et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2020).本研究发现, 年降水量对CAR和EMF均有显著正效应, 而年平均气温对二者没有显著效应.实际上, 适宜的水热条件和土壤资源(如土壤水和养分)的变化, 能够解释CAR的差异.具体而言, 水资源不足、相对高温、土壤养分匮乏和资源胁迫的环境下, 会严重阻碍CAR, 进一步能影响EMF (Sun et al., 2020).而且, 水分限制会降低光合作用, 进而降低光照条件下叶片吸收CO2的能力(Chapin III et al., 2012), 因此, 我们的研究结果出现年降水量与CAR和M的显著线性正相关关系(图5A、5C).我们的研究发现, 年平均气温与CAR和M的相关关系较弱, 这和前人的研究(Jing et al., 2015)有很多一致性.当然, 区域性因素是影响本试验结果的重要方面, 例如: 针对青海海北高寒草甸, 有研究表明, 温度变化能显著影响植物群落物种组成和多样性, 从而有可能进一步影响群落生产力、CAR和EMF (Klein et al., 2004); 在青藏高原高寒草原, 降水显著影响高寒草原群落盖度和物种组成(李长斌等, 2016), 从而增加群落CAR和EMF; 此外, 有研究指出, 降水量<450 mm的区域内, 影响青藏高原植被生产力变化的主导因子为降水; 降水量>450 mm的区域, 植被生产力变化的主导因子为气温(陈卓奇等, 2012).而且, 经过长时间序列的观察发现, 在青藏高原地区, 气温对植被的影响具有季节性, AGB和夏季平均气温的相关性较高, 与其他季节的平均气温相关性均不显著(李晓东等, 2012); 对干旱生态系统的研究也发现温度升高不会影响EMF (Maestre et al., 2012).在高寒草地生态系统中, 季节性变化明显, 温差很大, 群落对温度的适应性很强, 因此EMF不会对气温的变化有较大响应(Baumann et al., 2009). ...
基于MODIS的青藏高原植被净初级生产力研究 1 2012
... 目前, 相对于单个生态系统功能对EMF和CAR的影响而言, 气候要素的影响更加广泛, 且没有很好地将CAR和EMF联系起来, 关注点主要有两个方面(Jing et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2020).一方面体现在水热条件分别对CAR和EMF的显著影响, 另一方面主要表现在水热条件对生物多样性和EMF两者关系的调节作用上(Soliveres et al., 2014; Jing et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2020).本研究发现, 年降水量对CAR和EMF均有显著正效应, 而年平均气温对二者没有显著效应.实际上, 适宜的水热条件和土壤资源(如土壤水和养分)的变化, 能够解释CAR的差异.具体而言, 水资源不足、相对高温、土壤养分匮乏和资源胁迫的环境下, 会严重阻碍CAR, 进一步能影响EMF (Sun et al., 2020).而且, 水分限制会降低光合作用, 进而降低光照条件下叶片吸收CO2的能力(Chapin III et al., 2012), 因此, 我们的研究结果出现年降水量与CAR和M的显著线性正相关关系(图5A、5C).我们的研究发现, 年平均气温与CAR和M的相关关系较弱, 这和前人的研究(Jing et al., 2015)有很多一致性.当然, 区域性因素是影响本试验结果的重要方面, 例如: 针对青海海北高寒草甸, 有研究表明, 温度变化能显著影响植物群落物种组成和多样性, 从而有可能进一步影响群落生产力、CAR和EMF (Klein et al., 2004); 在青藏高原高寒草原, 降水显著影响高寒草原群落盖度和物种组成(李长斌等, 2016), 从而增加群落CAR和EMF; 此外, 有研究指出, 降水量<450 mm的区域内, 影响青藏高原植被生产力变化的主导因子为降水; 降水量>450 mm的区域, 植被生产力变化的主导因子为气温(陈卓奇等, 2012).而且, 经过长时间序列的观察发现, 在青藏高原地区, 气温对植被的影响具有季节性, AGB和夏季平均气温的相关性较高, 与其他季节的平均气温相关性均不显著(李晓东等, 2012); 对干旱生态系统的研究也发现温度升高不会影响EMF (Maestre et al., 2012).在高寒草地生态系统中, 季节性变化明显, 温差很大, 群落对温度的适应性很强, 因此EMF不会对气温的变化有较大响应(Baumann et al., 2009). ...
Recent spring phenology shifts in western Central Europe based on multiscale observations 1 2014
... 全球气候变暖对草地生态系统的植物物候和植物碳(C)积累有重要影响, 而且未来还会继续发生变化, 甚至进一步影响到EMF (Fu et al., 2014).植物中碳的含量会影响和控制生产力、呼吸和分解的生化反应, 对气候变化相当敏感(Yu et al., 2010).目前关于植物碳的研究多关注生长季高峰期植物的生产力或碳含量, 发现水热条件的有效性是影响植物光合作用、呼吸作用、生物化学和物候条件的重要因素(Keeling & Phillips, 2007; Lambers et al., 2008).而且, 植物可以根据气候变化调整光合作用和呼吸作用之间的平衡, 进而调整营养积累(Huxman et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2013).此外, 由于营养元素控制植物光合作用新细胞的产生, 土壤中的养分(如氮(N)和磷(P))含量是影响植物C含量的另一个决定因素(Heimann & Reichstein, 2008).前人对植物群落影响的研究大多关注碳储存和物候条件以及这些过程的驱动因素(Piao et al., 2008), 对于植物物候和植物碳储量动态之间相互作用的关注有限, 重要的是, 不同环境下植物物候和生存策略的变化可能导致时间尺度上植物碳积累的变化(Xia et al., 2015; Yuan & Chen, 2015).因此, 从生长季开始到生长季生物量峰值的地上部分碳累积速率(CAR)可能对于理解植物适应性策略和EMF更为关键(Sun et al., 2020).之前研究发现, 青藏高原水热状况通过调节土壤营养的动态, 进而调节植被碳积累速率, 例如在高寒草原, 干旱气候和土壤养分的资源匮乏共同制约着植被群落碳积累速率(Sun et al., 2020), 可能进一步调控生态系统功能, 在高寒草甸则反之.另外, 有研究指出, 不同草地利用方式也会影响草地生态系统, 而且在未来降水空间格局变化的背景下, 它们共同决定了生态系统植被类型、净初级生产力和生态系统碳积累, 进而影响水源涵养和碳氮固定、积累等方面的生态功能(杨元合和朴世龙, 2006; 孙鸿烈等, 2012; Sun et al., 2020). ...
Peak season plant activity shift towards spring is reflected by increasing carbon uptake by extratropical ecosystems 1 2018
... 物候数据来自Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS)规范化差异植被指数第3版数据库(Gonsamo et al., 2018).其中, 归一化植被指数(NDVI, 1982-2013年)是从Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)传感器获取的基于卫星的地表反射率数据中获得的.通过计算1982-2013年高原植物物候指标确定生长季初始时间(SOS)和生长季高峰时间(POS), 使用线性回归分析得到了2015年的物候指标.在本研究中, 首先采用傅立叶级数模型对NDVI数据集进行平滑(Wang et al., 2018): ...
Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks 1 2008
... 全球气候变暖对草地生态系统的植物物候和植物碳(C)积累有重要影响, 而且未来还会继续发生变化, 甚至进一步影响到EMF (Fu et al., 2014).植物中碳的含量会影响和控制生产力、呼吸和分解的生化反应, 对气候变化相当敏感(Yu et al., 2010).目前关于植物碳的研究多关注生长季高峰期植物的生产力或碳含量, 发现水热条件的有效性是影响植物光合作用、呼吸作用、生物化学和物候条件的重要因素(Keeling & Phillips, 2007; Lambers et al., 2008).而且, 植物可以根据气候变化调整光合作用和呼吸作用之间的平衡, 进而调整营养积累(Huxman et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2013).此外, 由于营养元素控制植物光合作用新细胞的产生, 土壤中的养分(如氮(N)和磷(P))含量是影响植物C含量的另一个决定因素(Heimann & Reichstein, 2008).前人对植物群落影响的研究大多关注碳储存和物候条件以及这些过程的驱动因素(Piao et al., 2008), 对于植物物候和植物碳储量动态之间相互作用的关注有限, 重要的是, 不同环境下植物物候和生存策略的变化可能导致时间尺度上植物碳积累的变化(Xia et al., 2015; Yuan & Chen, 2015).因此, 从生长季开始到生长季生物量峰值的地上部分碳累积速率(CAR)可能对于理解植物适应性策略和EMF更为关键(Sun et al., 2020).之前研究发现, 青藏高原水热状况通过调节土壤营养的动态, 进而调节植被碳积累速率, 例如在高寒草原, 干旱气候和土壤养分的资源匮乏共同制约着植被群落碳积累速率(Sun et al., 2020), 可能进一步调控生态系统功能, 在高寒草甸则反之.另外, 有研究指出, 不同草地利用方式也会影响草地生态系统, 而且在未来降水空间格局变化的背景下, 它们共同决定了生态系统植被类型、净初级生产力和生态系统碳积累, 进而影响水源涵养和碳氮固定、积累等方面的生态功能(杨元合和朴世龙, 2006; 孙鸿烈等, 2012; Sun et al., 2020). ...
Phenology response to climatic dynamic across China’s grasslands from 1985 to 2010 1 2018
... 物候数据来自Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS)规范化差异植被指数第3版数据库(Gonsamo et al., 2018).其中, 归一化植被指数(NDVI, 1982-2013年)是从Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)传感器获取的基于卫星的地表反射率数据中获得的.通过计算1982-2013年高原植物物候指标确定生长季初始时间(SOS)和生长季高峰时间(POS), 使用线性回归分析得到了2015年的物候指标.在本研究中, 首先采用傅立叶级数模型对NDVI数据集进行平滑(Wang et al., 2018): ...
Precipitation and species composition primarily determine the diversity-productivity relationship of alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau 1 2014
... 近年来, 在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下, ****围绕草地生态系统功能以及物种多样性展开了一系列的研究, 但是多数研究主要集中于某种生态系统功能与驱动因子的关系(Wu et al., 2014).随着研究的深入, 研究者逐渐在不同时间、空间、生境、土壤和气候条件下探讨生态系统多功能性(EMF)的变化(Zavaleta et al., 2010; Lefcheck et al., 2015).如何量化人类活动、气候变化及其他环境因子对生态系统多功能性的影响, 以及这些驱动因子对多个生态系统功能的影响成为研究的热点(Byrnes et al., 2014).特别是在全球气候变暖的背景下, 草地碳库作为陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分, 其较小幅度的波动, 将会影响整个陆地生态系统碳循环和EMF.因此, 深入研究草地植被固碳功能和固碳潜力对于适应和减缓气候变化、维持草地EMF具有重要意义. ...
Joint control of terrestrial gross primary productivity by plant phenology and physiology 1 2015
... 全球气候变暖对草地生态系统的植物物候和植物碳(C)积累有重要影响, 而且未来还会继续发生变化, 甚至进一步影响到EMF (Fu et al., 2014).植物中碳的含量会影响和控制生产力、呼吸和分解的生化反应, 对气候变化相当敏感(Yu et al., 2010).目前关于植物碳的研究多关注生长季高峰期植物的生产力或碳含量, 发现水热条件的有效性是影响植物光合作用、呼吸作用、生物化学和物候条件的重要因素(Keeling & Phillips, 2007; Lambers et al., 2008).而且, 植物可以根据气候变化调整光合作用和呼吸作用之间的平衡, 进而调整营养积累(Huxman et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2013).此外, 由于营养元素控制植物光合作用新细胞的产生, 土壤中的养分(如氮(N)和磷(P))含量是影响植物C含量的另一个决定因素(Heimann & Reichstein, 2008).前人对植物群落影响的研究大多关注碳储存和物候条件以及这些过程的驱动因素(Piao et al., 2008), 对于植物物候和植物碳储量动态之间相互作用的关注有限, 重要的是, 不同环境下植物物候和生存策略的变化可能导致时间尺度上植物碳积累的变化(Xia et al., 2015; Yuan & Chen, 2015).因此, 从生长季开始到生长季生物量峰值的地上部分碳累积速率(CAR)可能对于理解植物适应性策略和EMF更为关键(Sun et al., 2020).之前研究发现, 青藏高原水热状况通过调节土壤营养的动态, 进而调节植被碳积累速率, 例如在高寒草原, 干旱气候和土壤养分的资源匮乏共同制约着植被群落碳积累速率(Sun et al., 2020), 可能进一步调控生态系统功能, 在高寒草甸则反之.另外, 有研究指出, 不同草地利用方式也会影响草地生态系统, 而且在未来降水空间格局变化的背景下, 它们共同决定了生态系统植被类型、净初级生产力和生态系统碳积累, 进而影响水源涵养和碳氮固定、积累等方面的生态功能(杨元合和朴世龙, 2006; 孙鸿烈等, 2012; Sun et al., 2020). ...