Dynamics of soil soluble nitrogen and plant productivity in artificial pastures on the Qingzang Plateau
Pan LIU1,3, Wen-Ying WANG,3,*, Hua-Kun ZHOU2, Xu-Feng MAO1, Yan-Fang LIU31College of Geography Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China 2Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China 3College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China
Abstract Aims Nitrogen is the most limiting factor to artificial pastures. It is distributed unevenly in time and space, and has different forms, which are correlated with cultivation approaches and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP). This study investigated the dynamics of soil nitrogen and productivity in artificial pastures of Bromus inermis, Elymus sibiricus, E. nutans, Festuca ryloviana, F. sinensis, Poa pratensis var. anceps ‘Qinghai’, P. crymophila and Puccinellia tenuiflora in pure species cultivations in the Tongde farm of Qinghai Province. The dynamics of soil soluble nitrogen pools in each artificial pasture type and their relationships with ANPP were examined. Methods The pastures were planted in 2013 without fertilizer application, and mowed to the level with 5 cm stubble in mid-September every year. The soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), soluble organic nitrogen (SON) and soluble total nitrogen (STN) content were measured during growing seasons. ANPP was determined in September each year. Important findings (1) The average ANPP across the eight pasture types ranged between 329.67-794.67 g·m -2, with the ANPP of 794.67 g·m -2 for the E. nutans significantly higher than other pasture types. (2) From the second to fourth year following planting, the content of soil NO3--N, SON and STN significantly decreased, but that of the NH4+-N significantly increased. (3) SON accounted for the highest proportion of STN, varying between 45.11%-88.76% in the 0-10 cm soil layer and 47.75%-88.18% in the 10-20 cm soil layer, followed by NO3--N in ranges of 5.81%-34.85% (0-10 cm) and 6.08%-40.42% (10-20 cm), respectively; NH4+-N had the least proportion at 3.41%-22.18% (0-10 cm) and 3.09%-19.56% (10-20 cm), respectively. (4) The non-metric multidimensional scale analysis (NMDS) shows that the temporal effect on soil soluble nitrogen content by different pasture types diverged for the 0-10 cm soil layer, but converged for the 10-20 cm soil layer, and that the effect of pasture types on soil soluble nitrogen content was related to soil depth. (5) Soil SON and STN contents were positively correlated with ANPP, and negatively with inorganic nitrogen (IN) content. In summary, nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the key factors for maintaining the productivity of artificial pasture from three to four years. The above results provide a scientific basis for a more in-depth understanding of the dynamics of soil soluble nitrogen and the maintenance of productivity and stability of artificial pastures on the Qingzang Plateau. Keywords:artificial pasture;soil soluble nitrogen pool;soil inorganic nitrogen pool;Qingzang Plateau
PDF (945KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 刘攀, 王文颖, 周华坤, 毛旭锋, 刘艳方. 青藏高原人工草地土壤可溶性氮组分与植被生产力动态变化过程. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 562-572. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0279 LIU Pan, WANG Wen-Ying, ZHOU Hua-Kun, MAO Xu-Feng, LIU Yan-Fang. Dynamics of soil soluble nitrogen and plant productivity in artificial pastures on the Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 562-572. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0279
Fig. 1Dynamics of aboveground biomass in artificial pastures on Qingzang Plateau (mean ± SE). 1, Bromus inermis; 2, Elymus sibiricus; 3, E. nutans; 4, Festuca ryloviana; 5, F. sinensis; 6, Poa pratensis var. anceps ‘Qinghai’; 7, Puccinellia tenuiflora; 8, Poa crymophila. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in aboveground biomass among different species of the same age (p < 0.05).
Fig. 2Characteristics of the dynamics in soil soluble nitrogen in artificial pastures on the Qingzang Plateau (0-10 cm, mean ± SE). SON, soluble organic nitrogen; STN, soluble total nitrogen.
Fig. 3Characteristics of the dynamics in soil soluble nitrogen in artificial pastures on the Qingzang Plateau (10-20 cm, mean ± SE). SON, soluble organic nitrogen; STN, soluble total nitrogen.
Table 1 表1 表1青藏高原人工草地土壤无机氮(IN)与可溶性有机氮(SON)含量的比例 Table 1Proportion of soil inorganic nitrogen (IN) and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) in artificial pastures on the Qingzang Plateau
处理 Treatment
年龄Age (a)
0-10 cm土层 0-10 cm soil layer
10-20 cm土层 10-20 cm soil layer
铵态氮/ 可溶性总氮 NH4+-N/STN (%)
硝态氮/ 可溶性总氮 NO3--N/STN (%)
无机氮/ 可溶性总氮 IN/STN (%)
可溶性有机氮/可溶性总氮 SON/STN (%)
铵态氮/ 可溶性总氮 NH4+-N/STN (%)
硝态氮/ 可溶性总氮 NO3--N/STN (%)
无机氮/ 可溶性总氮 IN/STN (%)
可溶性有机氮/可溶性总氮 SON/STN (%)
无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis
2
8.53
18.83
27.36
72.64
10.62
34.97
45.59
54.41
3
9.22
14.06
23.28
76.72
7.76
10.95
18.71
81.29
4
21.31
29.70
51.01
48.99
16.16
32.65
48.80
51.20
老芒麦 Elymus sibiricus
2
4.11
25.46
29.58
70.42
4.02
30.94
34.96
65.04
3
8.41
11.57
19.98
80.02
7.88
14.37
22.25
77.75
4
17.34
34.52
51.85
48.15
18.68
33.57
52.25
47.75
垂穗披碱草 E. nutans
2
4.76
22.10
26.86
73.14
5.59
31.63
37.22
62.78
3
7.90
15.45
23.35
76.65
4.99
8.68
13.66
86.34
4
21.61
33.28
54.89
45.11
17.63
26.96
44.59
55.41
西北羊茅 Festuca ryloviana
2
3.41
21.63
25.03
74.97
3.69
34.93
38.61
61.39
3
7.30
12.14
19.44
80.56
4.80
10.28
15.08
84.92
4
22.18
30.79
52.98
47.02
19.56
25.19
44.75
55.25
中华羊茅 F. sinensis
2
5.91
28.37
34.28
65.72
4.87
33.10
37.97
62.03
3
5.99
16.15
22.14
77.86
5.49
11.04
16.53
83.47
4
20.13
34.85
54.98
45.02
15.41
30.43
45.85
54.15
青海扁茎早熟禾 Poa pratensis var. anceps ‘Qinghai’
2
4.06
18.54
22.59
77.41
3.09
40.42
43.51
56.49
3
5.42
5.81
11.24
88.76
8.43
12.23
20.66
79.34
4
20.12
29.03
49.16
50.84
17.48
30.74
48.23
51.77
星星草 Puccinellia tenuiflora
2
4.33
27.73
32.06
67.94
4.32
33.36
37.68
62.32
3
8.18
20.37
28.55
71.45
5.74
6.08
11.82
88.18
4
21.18
32.90
54.09
45.91
18.33
29.73
48.07
51.93
冷地早熟禾 Poa crymophila
2
5.07
29.05
34.12
65.88
4.19
40.99
45.18
54.82
3
7.70
8.96
16.65
83.35
3.29
14.35
17.65
82.35
4
18.46
30.38
48.84
51.16
18.36
29.47
47.83
52.17
百分数为各处理下土壤IN和SON与可溶性总氮(STN)的比值, 且每一龄期比值均为取样期的平均值。 The ratios of soil IN and SON to soluble total nitrogen (STN) for each pasture type are shown as percentage, and the ratios for each age are the averages of the sampling period.
Table 2 表2 表2青藏高原人工草地种植禾本科牧草土壤氮组分与地上净初级生产力(ANPP)相关性分析 Table 2Correlation analysis of soil nitrogen components and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) on the Qingzang Plateau
处理 Treatment
指标 Variable
0-10 cm
10-20 cm
无芒雀麦 Bromus inermis
NH4+-N
-0.485
-0.170
NO3--N
0.010
0.068
SON
0.392
0.676*
STN
0.403
0.681*
老芒麦 Elymus sibiricus
NH4+-N
-0.259
-0.444
NO3--N
-0.328
0.067
SON
0.347
0.459
STN
0.231
0.328
垂穗披碱草 E. nutans
NH4+-N
-0.436
0.239
NO3--N
0.190
0.096
SON
0.224
0.360
STN
0.219
0.331
西北羊茅 Festuca ryloviana
NH4+-N
-0.414
-0.516
NO3--N
-0.636*
-0.450
SON
0.377
0.111
STN
0.218
-0.098
中华羊茅 F. sinensis
NH4+-N
-0.449
-0.676*
NO3--N
-0.453
-0.184
SON
0.526
0.277
STN
0.347
0.114
青海扁茎早熟禾 Poa pratensis var. anceps ‘Qinghai’
NH4+-N
-0.293
-0.134
NO3--N
-0.531
-0.266
SON
0.460
0.017
STN
0.338
-0.155
星星草 Puccinellia tenuiflora
NH4+-N
-0.241
-0.257
NO3--N
-0.052
0.113
SON
0.146
0.216
STN
0.083
0.200
冷地早熟禾 Poa crymophila
NH4+-N
-0.494
-0.548
NO3--N
-0.831*
0.177
SON
0.350
0.828**
STN
0.091
0.694*
第3列为0-10 cm土层各处理土壤可溶性氮含量与ANPP的相关系数; 第4列为10-20 cm土层各处理土壤可溶性氮含量与ANPP的相关系数。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; n = 96。NH4+-N, 铵态氮; NO3--N, 硝态氮; SON, 可溶性有机氮; STN, 可溶性总氮。 The third column shows the correlation coefficients between the soluble nitrogen contents in the 0-10 cm soil layer and ANPP; the fourth column shows the correlation coefficients between the soluble nitrogen contents in the 10-20 cm soil layer and ANPP. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; n = 96. SON, soluble organic nitrogen; STN, soluble total nitrogen.
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