Transpiration process and environmental response of poplar plantation under different irrigation conditions
Wen-Qin ZHAO1, Ben-Ye XI2, Jin-Qiang LIU2, Yang LIU2, Song-Yan ZOU2, Wu-Ye SONG,1,*, Li-Xin CHEN11College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018zx07101005-03-020) National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001304) National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872702) National Natural Science Foundation of China(4197070351)
Abstract Aims Understanding the relationship between transpiration and environmental factors is critical to the establishment of efficient irrigation strategies for Populus tomentosa. Therefore, we studied transpiration and environmental responses of P. tomentosa under varied irrigation treatments. Methods This study was carried out at the triploidP. tomentosaplantation in Gaotang County, Shandong Province. The irrigation treatments were set as full irrigation (DF, irrigated when the soil water potential at 20 cm directly below the dripper reached -18 kPa), water-controlled irrigation (DC, irrigated when the soil water potential at 20 cm directly below the dripper reached -45 kPa) and no irrigation (CK, blank control). Thermal dissipation probes (TDP) were used to observe the continuous sap flow ofP. tomentosa during the growing season of 2019. The environmental factors were simultaneously monitored, including solar radiation (SR), air temperature (Ta), soil moisture content (SWC) and wind speed (WS). Important findings 1) The trend of the diurnal sap flow variation of P. tomentosa was similar among the contrasting treatments, showing a single-peak curve, and there was significant sap flow at night. Irrigation treatments did not influence the start of stem sap flow but caused differences in the timing of the stem peak flow. The peak flow arrived earlier in the DF treatment than in other treatments. Irrigation increased the transpiration ofP. tomentosa. However, the transpiration would increase with the decrease of soil moisture deficit threshold of irrigation, namely transpiration of DC followed by DF and CK in sequence. 2) There was significant time-lag between the sap flow and SR and VPD. The sap flow was ahead of the VPD and lagged behind the SR. Irrigation treatments have no significant effect on the time-lag effect between the sap flow and environmental factors. 3) Under the three treatments, transpiration has a significantly positive correlation with VPD, SR and SWC, and negatively correlated with wind speed. The transpiration responses to the environmental factors varied among irrigation treatments. In summary, irrigation could effectively mediate the hydraulic adaptation of plantation trees to the environment factors. However, increased irrigation does not necessarily lead to transpiration enhancement. Based on the differences of stand transpiration and natural rainfall, irrigation during the beginning of the growing season (April to July in this study) would benefit the hydraulic physiological activity of theP. tomentosa plantation. Keywords:environmental factor;irrigation;sap flow density;stand transpiration
PDF (869KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 引用本文 赵文芹, 席本野, 刘金强, 刘洋, 邹松言, 宋午椰, 陈立欣. 不同灌溉条件下杨树人工林蒸腾过程及环境响应. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(4): 370-382. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0343 ZHAO Wen-Qin, XI Ben-Ye, LIU Jin-Qiang, LIU Yang, ZOU Song-Yan, SONG Wu-Ye, CHEN Li-Xin. Transpiration process and environmental response of poplar plantation under different irrigation conditions. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(4): 370-382. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0343
$G_{\mathrm{c}}=\frac{1000 \lambda \gamma F G_{\mathrm{a}}}{\Delta\left(R_{n}-G\right)+\sigma \rho C_{\mathrm{p}} V P D G_{\mathrm{a}}-\lambda(\Delta+\gamma) F}$
Fig. 2Daily variation of sap flux density for Populus tomentosa under different irrigation treatments (mean ± SD).
Table 2 表2 表2毛白杨树干液流通量密度月变化特征值(平均值±标准差,n = 1 440) Table 2Sap flux density characteristics of Populus tomentosa at different month (mean± SD, n = 1 440)
Fig. 3Canopy conductance of poplar (A) and the statistic comparison (mean ± SD)(B) under different irrigation treatments. CK, control; DC, water-controlled irrigation; DF, full irrigation. Different lowercase letters indicate the significant difference of canopy conductance under different irrigation in the same month (p< 0.05).
Fig. 6Change of daily transpiration of poplar under different irrigation treatments in the growing season (A) and each month (mean ± SD)(B). CK, control; DC, water-controlled irrigation; DF, full irrigation. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference of transpiration under different irrigation in the same month (p< 0.05).
总体上, DF处理毛白杨生长季林分总蒸腾量为540.36 mm, 蒸腾量平均值2.53 mm·d-1(0.01-5.79 mm·d-1); DC处理毛白杨总蒸腾量为635.59 mm, 平均值为2.80 mm·d-1 (0.04-5.56 mm·d-1); CK处理毛白杨总蒸腾量为497.70 mm, 平均值为2.36 mm·d-1(0.01- 4.28 mm·d-1)。相对于CK, DC和DF处理的总蒸腾量分别增加了27%和8%。
Fig. 7Correlation coefficient of the sap flow rate (Fd) with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and global radiation (SR) of popular under different soil water content. A, Full irrigation. B, Water-controlled irrigation. C, Control.
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图8不同土壤水分下环境因子对毛白杨蒸腾量的直接影响。SR,太阳总辐射; SWC,土壤含水量; T,蒸腾量; VPD, 空气水汽压亏缺; WS, 风速。CK, 对照; DC, 控水灌溉; DF, 充分灌溉。每个箭头代表2个变量之间的因果关系。***,p < 0.0001; **, p < 0.001; *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05。
Fig. 8Direct effects of environmental factors on daily transpiration of poplar.SR, solar radiation; SWC, soil water contnet; T,transpiration; VPD, vapor pressure deficit; WS, wind speed. CK, control; DC, water-controlled irrigation; DF, full irrigation. Each arrow represents a causal relationship between two variables. ***, p < 0.0001; **, p < 0.001; *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.
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XiBY, LiGD, BloombergM, JiaLM (2014). The effects of subsurface irrigation at different soil water potential thresholds on the growth and transpiration of Populus tomentosain the North China Plain 77, 159-167. DOI:10.1080/00049158.2014.920552URL [本文引用: 1]
XinFM, YanXL, ZhangCY, JiaLM (2019). Characteristics of stem sap flow of two poplar species and their responses to environmental factors in Lhasa river valley of Tibet 55, 22-32. [本文引用: 1]
YanCZ, ZhengWG, JiaJB, YanWD, WangZC, JiaGD ( 2020). Responses of canopy stomatal conductance of Platycladus orientalis to soil water under water control Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 4017-4026. [本文引用: 1]
YangJ, LyuJL, HeQY, YanMJ, LiGQ, DuS ( 2019). Time lag of stem sap flow and its relationships with transpiration characteristics in Quercus liaotungensis and Robina pseudoacaciain the loess hilly region, China Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, 2607-2613. DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201908.013PMID:31418184 [本文引用: 1] Using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes (TDP), we measured stem xylem sap flow of the natural dominant species Quercus liaotungensis and a reforestation species Robinia pseudoacacia from July to September in 2016 in the semiarid loess hilly region. Meteorological factors and soil water content were simultaneously monitored during the study period. Using cross-correlation analysis, time lag between diurnal patterns of sap flux density and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was quantitatively estimated. Differences in the time lag between the two species and possible influence by different diameter classes and soil water contents were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal courses of sap flux density were similar to those of meteorological factors, with daily peaks ear-lier than VPD. The peak of VPD lagged behind the sap flux densities of Q. liaotungensis and R. pseudoacacia 118.2 min and 39.5 min, respectively. The peak of PAR lagged behind the sap flux density of Q. liaotungensis 12.4 min, but was 68.5 min ahead of that for R. pseudoacacia. Time lag between sap flux density and VPD significantly varied between tree species and was affected by soil water content. Those during higher soil water content period were about 32.2 min and 68.2 min longer than those during the period with lower soil water content for the two species, respectively. There was no correlation between time lag and tree diameter classes. The time lag between VPD and sap flux density for R. pseudoacacia was about 21.4 min longer in smaller diameter trees than in larger trees, which was significantly different under the lower soil water content. Our results suggested that the time lag effect between VPD and sap flux densities in the two species reflected their sensitivities to driving factors of transpiration, and that higher soil water content was favorable to sap flux density reaching its peak early. The lower soil water content might lead to lower sensitivity of the trees to meteorological factors. R. pseudoacacia was more sensitive to changes of soil water content. [ 杨洁, 吕金林, 何秋月, 闫美杰, 李国庆, 杜盛 ( 2019). 黄土丘陵区辽东栎和刺槐树干液流时滞效应与蒸腾特征的关联性 , 30, 2607-2613.] PMID:31418184 [本文引用: 1]
ZhangHD, WeiW, ChenLD, WangLX (2017). Effects of terracing on soil water and canopy transpiration of Pinus tabulaeformis in the Loess Plateau of China 102, 557-564. DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.044URL [本文引用: 1]
Interactions between soil water content and fertilizer on growth characteristics and biomass yield of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosaCarr.) seedlings 1 2011
Photosynthetic responses to soil water stress in summer in two Japanese urban landscape tree species (Ginkgo biloba and Prunus yedoensis): effects of pruning mulch and irrigation management 1 2016
Transpiration and annual water balance of Aleppo pine in a semiarid region: implications for forest management 1 2013
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...
Increase in leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides × nigra 1 2017
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...
Discrepancy in tree transpiration of Salix matsudana, Populus simoniiunder distinct soil, topography conditions in an ecological rehabilitation area on the Northern Loess Plateau 1 2019
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...
不同土壤水分条件下侧柏幼苗的生理活动及氮素分配策略 1 2020
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...
不同土壤水分条件下侧柏幼苗的生理活动及氮素分配策略 1 2020
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...
Modeling growth response to soil water availability simulated by HYDRUS for a mature triploid Populus tomentosa plantation located on the North China Plain 1 2016
The effects of subsurface irrigation at different soil water potential thresholds on the growth and transpiration of Populus tomentosain the North China Plain 1 2014
Effects of terracing on soil water and canopy transpiration of Pinus tabulaeformis in the Loess Plateau of China 1 2017
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...
The tree height-related spatial variances of tree Sap flux density and its scale-up to stand transpiration in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest 1 2018
... 蒸腾是陆地生态系统蒸散发的重要组分, 对林分水量平衡和流域的水循环起着重要的作用(Ungar et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2019 ), 因此, 精确量化树木蒸腾过程对树木生理、生态水文学等领域都具有重要意义(Zhang et al., 2018 ).树木蒸腾耗水量的估算是林木生长中的关键问题, 其测定方法也有多种, 其中热技术法因其连续自动检测、操作便捷、不破坏植物正常的生长状态等优点被广泛应用于树干液流通量密度的测定及蒸腾量的估算中(孙慧珍等, 2002).热技术法包括热脉冲法、热平衡法和热扩散法, 最常用的树干液流通量研究方法是热扩散法(Granier, 1987), 此方法以边材面积作为尺度扩展因子, 将林冠蒸腾量从个体尺度扩大到林分尺度(Kumagaiet al., 2008 ).蒸腾与温度、空气水汽压亏缺(VPD)、太阳辐射和风速等气象因素密切相关(Dragoni et al., 2008 ; 杜太生等, 2008; Urban et al., 2017 ; 陈胜楠等, 2020).例如, 太阳光辐射会影响气孔的开闭状态, 随着太阳辐射的增强, 气孔张开, 蒸腾增大, 当太阳辐射达到一定值时, 气孔处于完全打开状态, 蒸腾量趋于稳定(Oren & Pataki, 2001).此外, 树木的蒸腾作用随着VPD呈指数增长, 直至气孔导度接近某一阈值, 蒸腾作用保持在临界水平(Zhang et al., 2017 ).许多不同树种的研究表明冠层蒸腾作用会随土壤水分的降低而降低(Bernie et al., 2006 ; 欧芷阳等, 2020; 王鑫等, 2020), 在一些干旱地区, 水分胁迫甚至会影响林分的生理活动.此外, 许多研究发现树干液流通量计算冠层蒸腾会有一定时滞(Phillips et al., 1997 ), 时滞会影响人们对蒸腾与环境因子关系的理解.因此, 更好地理解不同土壤水分下环境驱动因素对树木蒸腾作用的影响, 对揭示蒸腾控制机制和水分利用策略至关重要. ...