Recruitment limitation of plant population regeneration
Da-Yong HAN,1, Wei ZHANG1, YILIYASI Nuermaimaiti1, Yun-Fei YANG,2,*1School of Biology and Geography Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China 2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
Abstract Based on niche theory, recruitment limitation is to discuss population regeneration through the population demographic characteristics in different life stages, such as seed germination, seedling survival and growth, propagule dispersal, and varied environmental factors (soil moisture, nutrients, litter, etc.). The core of recruitment limitation consists of seed limitation and microsite limitation; however, there is no universal conclusion on which of them is more dominant. Seed limitation is related to insufficient propagules of seed production, soil seed bank and underground bud bank. Specifically speaking, inter-annual climate fluctuation, soil seed bank life time and animal predation can lead to seed limitation. Soil seed bank is often regarded as the vault of population recruitment, which promotes population recruitment together with the above ground seed rain. In contrast, if soil seeds have high death rate and dormancy rate, the role of seed bank will decline. The contribution of underground bud bank and its clonal ramets for population regeneration are more reflected on stronger resilience to disturbance. Dispersal limitation is a common phenomenon in population regeneration, which is related to many factors including seed production, dispersal ability, spreading media and seedling density. In terms of microsite limitation, embodying in how abiotic factors such as water, nutrients, litters, and biotic factors such as competition and predation effect on seed vigor, germination, seedling viability, and biomass allocation, its importance often varies with the stages of plant life history. In the future, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive and long-term experiments to focus on the underlying mechanisms involving evolution and ecology on seed limitation and its associated ecological processes, so as to obtain a more profound understanding of population recruitment, and establish a more comprehensive and systematic framework of population recruitment. Keywords:seed limitation;microsite limitation;seedling survival;belowground bud-bank;dispersal limitation
目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词。可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制。但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议。就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗。补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后。但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992)。Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程。Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制。
与微生境限制相比, 种源限制在植物种群更新中更具有普遍性(Ehrlénet al., 2006; Rey et al., 2006)。种源限制的产生主要与种子生产、土壤中种子库和芽库中的繁殖体数量不足有关。
2.1.1 种子生产
就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物。另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007)。
BensonEJ, HartnettDC, MannHK (2004). Belowground bud banks and meristem limitation in tallgrass prairie plant populations , 91,416-421. DOI:10.3732/ajb.91.3.416URL [本文引用: 1]
BogdziewiczM, EspeltaJM, Mu?ozA, AparicioJM, BonalR (2018). Effectiveness of predator satiation in masting oaks is negatively affected by conspecific density , 186,983-993. DOI:10.1007/s00442-018-4069-7PMID:29383506 [本文引用: 2] Variation in seed availability shapes plant communities, and is strongly affected by seed predation. In some plant species, temporal variation in seed production is especially high and synchronized over large areas, which is called 'mast seeding'. One selective advantage of this phenomenon is predator satiation which posits that masting helps plants escape seed predation through starvation of predators in lean years, and satiation in mast years. However, even though seed predation can be predicted to have a strong spatial component and depend on plant densities, whether the effectiveness of predator satiation in masting plants changes according to the Janzen-Connell effect has been barely investigated. We studied, over an 8-year period, the seed production, the spatiotemporal patters of weevil seed predation, and the abundance of adult weevils in a holm oak (Quercus ilex) population that consists of trees interspersed at patches covering a continuum of conspecific density. Isolated oaks effectively satiate predators, but this is trumped by increasing conspecific plant density. Lack of predator satiation in trees growing in dense patches was caused by re-distribution of insects among plants that likely attenuated them against food shortage in lean years, and changed the type of weevil functional response from type II in isolated trees to type III in trees growing in dense patches. This study provides the first empirical evaluation of the notion that masting and predator satiation should be more important in populations that start to dominate their communities, and is consistent with the observation that masting is less frequent and less intense in diverse forests.
CallawayRM (1992). Effect of shrubs on recruitment of Quercus douglasii and Quercus lobata in California , 73,2118-2128. DOI:10.2307/1941460URL [本文引用: 1]
Calvi?o-CancelaM (2007). Seed and microsite limitations of recruitment and the impacts of post-dispersal seed predation at the within population level , 192,35-44. DOI:10.1007/s11258-006-9223-3URL [本文引用: 2]
Cárate-TandallaD, LeuschnerC, HomeierJ (2015). Performance of seedlings of a shade-tolerant tropical tree species after moderate addition of N and P. , 3,75. DOI: 10.3389/feart.2015.00075. DOI:10.3389/feart.2015.00075 [本文引用: 1]
CaughlinTT, FergusonJM, LichsteinJW, ZuidemaPA, BunyavejchewinS, LeveyDJ (2015). Loss of animal seed dispersal increases extinction risk in a tropical tree species due to pervasive negative density dependence across life stages , 282,20142095. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2095. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2014.2095URL [本文引用: 1]
ClarkCJ, PoulsenJR, LeveyDJ (2013). Roles of seed and establishment limitation in determining patterns of afrotropical tree recruitment , 8,e63330. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063330. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0063330URL [本文引用: 2]
ClarkCJ, PoulsenJR, LeveyDJ, OsenbergCW (2007). Are plant populations seed limited? A critique and meta-analysis of seed addition experiments , 170,128-142. PMID:17853997 [本文引用: 5] We examine the relative importance of processes that underlie plant population abundance and distribution. Two opposing views dominate the field. One posits that the ability to establish at a site is determined by the availability of suitable microsites (establishment limitation), while the second asserts that recruitment is limited by the availability of seeds (seed limitation). An underlying problem is that establishment and seed limitation are typically viewed as mutually exclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of seed addition experiments to assess the relative strength of establishment and seed limitation to seedling recruitment. We asked (1) To what degree are populations seed and establishment limited? (2) Under what conditions (e.g., habitats and life-history traits) are species more or less limited by each? (3) How can seed addition studies be better designed to enhance our understanding of plant recruitment? We found that, in keeping with previous studies, most species are seed limited. However, the effects of seed addition are typically small, and most added seeds fail to recruit to the seedling stage. As a result, establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation. Seed limitation was greater for large-seeded species, species in disturbed microsites, and species with relatively short-lived seed banks. Most seed addition experiments cannot assess the relationship between number of seeds added and number of subsequent recruits. This shortcoming can be overcome by increasing the number and range of seed addition treatments.
ClementsH, BierzychudekP (2017). Can the persistent seed bank contribute to the passive restoration of urban forest fragments after invasive species removal? , 35,156-166. DOI:10.3368/er.35.2.156URL [本文引用: 2]
CoelhoFF, CapeloC, FigueiraJEC (2008). Seedlings and ramets recruitment in two rhizomatous species of Rupestrian grasslands: Leiothrix curvifolia var (Eriocaulaceae). Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 203,152-161. [本文引用: 1]
ConnellJH (1971). On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees //Den Boer PJ, Gradwell GR. . Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 298-312. [本文引用: 1]
CrawleyMJ (1990). The population dynamics of plants , 330,125-140. [本文引用: 5]
CuiW, ZhaoLP, ZhaoFR (2017). Effects of fencing and grazing management on bud bank in a semiarid steppe on the Loess Plateau , 34,9-15. [本文引用: 1]
DalgleishHJ, HartnettDC (2009). The effects of fire frequency and grazing on tallgrass prairie productivity and plant composition are mediated through bud bank demography , 201,411-420. DOI:10.1007/s11258-008-9562-3URL [本文引用: 2]
DalgleishHJ, OttJP, SetshogoMP, HartnettDC (2012). Inter- specific variation in bud banks and flowering effort among semi-arid African savanna grasses , 83,127-133. DOI:10.1016/j.sajb.2012.08.010URL [本文引用: 1]
DallingJW, Muller-LandauHC, WrightSJ, HubbellSP (2002). Role of dispersal in the recruitment limitation of neotropical pioneer species , 90,714-727. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00706.xURL [本文引用: 1]
de la Pe?a-DomeneM, Martínez-GarzaC (2018). Integrating density into dispersal and establishment limitation equations in tropical forests , 9,570. DOI: 10.3390/ f9090570. DOI:10.3390/ f9090570URL [本文引用: 1]
DingY, ZangRG, LetcherSG, LiuWD, LuXH (2016). Aboveground and belowground competition affect seedling performance and allometry in a tropical monsoon forest , 47,529-540. DOI:10.1007/s11056-016-9529-5URL [本文引用: 1]
DuclosV, BoudreauS, ChapmanCA (2013). Shrub cover influence on seedling growth and survival following logging of a tropical forest , 45,419-426. DOI:10.1111/btp.2013.45.issue-4URL [本文引用: 1]
EhrlénJ, MünzbergováZ, DiekmannM, ErikssonO (2006). Long-term assessment of seed limitation in plants: results from an 11-year experiment , 94,1224-1232. DOI:10.1111/jec.2006.94.issue-6URL [本文引用: 2]
ErikssonO, EhrlénJ (1992). Seed and microsite limitation of recruitment in plant populations , 91,360-364. DOI:10.1007/BF00317624PMID:28313543 [本文引用: 4] Availability of seed and microsites, respectively, are two factors that potentially may limit recruitment in plant populations. Microsites are small-scale sites suitable for germination and survival of seedlings. We discuss this dichotomy of recruitment limitation both from a theoretical and empirical point of view. Investigations of recruitment in 14 woodland species showed that 3 species were seed limited, 6 species were limited by a combination of seed and microsite availability, and 5 species were found not to be seed limited, but the limiting factor was not identified. A "combination of seed and microsite limitation" implies that recruitment is promoted by increasing both seed and microsite availability. We suggest that the importance of seed limitation in plant populations has been underestimated, and that the operating limiting factors may be dependent on spatial and temporal scale. We expect that many species, if adequately studied, will turn out to be both seed and microsite limited. Experimental field studies that incorporate a range of seed and microsite "densities" in various spatial and temporal scales are needed to examine the extent to which plant populations are seed and microsite limited.
EskelinenA, VirtanenR (2005). Local and regional processes in low-productive mountain plant communities: the roles of seed and microsite limitation in relation to grazing , 110,360-368. DOI:10.1111/oik.2005.110.issue-2URL [本文引用: 1]
FischerC, KollmannJ, WagnerTC (2015). How does the seed fate of Crotalaria podocarpa DC, a highly competitive herbaceous legume in arid rangelands, contribute to its establishment probability? , 17,405-411. DOI:10.1016/j.ppees.2015.07.002URL [本文引用: 1]
FraaijeRGA, terBraak CJF, VerduynB, VerhoevenJTA, SoonsMB (2015). Dispersal versus environmental filtering in a dynamic system: drivers of vegetation patterns and diversity along stream riparian gradients , 103,1634-1646. DOI:10.1111/jec.2015.103.issue-6URL [本文引用: 1]
García-FayosP, GasqueM (2006). Seed vs. microsite limitation for seedling emergence in the perennial grass Stipa tenacissima L. (Poaceae). , 30,276-282. DOI:10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.003URL [本文引用: 1]
García-MezaD, MartorellC (2016). A trade off in the absolute magnitudes of seed and microsite limitations and their effects on population regulation , 125,308-314. DOI:10.1111/oik.2016.v125.i3URL [本文引用: 2]
GavinetJ, PrévostoB, FernandezC (2016). Do shrubs facilitate oak seedling establishment in Mediterranean pine forest understory? , 381,289-296. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.045URL [本文引用: 2]
Greig-SmithJ, SagarGR (1981). Biological causes of rarity in Carlina vulgaris //Synge H. . Wiley, Chichester.389-400. [本文引用: 1]
GuC, ZhaoTQ, WangYT, WangX, JiaLX, ZhaoML (2017). The response of growth and reproduction for Stipa breviflora to different stocking rates , 26,36-42. [本文引用: 1]
GuoLJ, CaoHW, XuWH, TianYQ, XiaoZP (2017). Seed rain, soil seed bank and quantitative dynamics of seedlings of Emmenopterys henryi populations in different altitude regions , 37,377-386. [本文引用: 1]
HalvorsonJJ, BeleskyDP, WestMS (2017). Inhibition of forage seed germination by leaf litter extracts of overstory hardwoods used in silvopastoral systems , 91,69-83. DOI:10.1007/s10457-016-9908-0URL [本文引用: 1]
HanDY, ZhaoY, AhanJ, ZhangW, YangYF (2019). Age structure of Caragana aurantiaca young populations in the Yili valley, Xinjiang , 38,3601-3608. [本文引用: 2]
HawthornWR, CaversPB (1976). Population dynamics of the perennial herbs Plantago major L. and P. rugelii Decne , 64,511-527. DOI:10.2307/2258771URL [本文引用: 1]
HouZZ, HeS, WangFL, ZhangAQ (2013). Dynamics of rare clonal plant Linnaea borealis L. sexual reproduction and related affecting factors , 32,3167-3172. [本文引用: 2]
HuJJ, LuoCC, TurkingtonR, ZhouZK (2016). Effects of herbivores and litter on Lithocarpus hancei seed germination and seedling survival in the understorey of a high diversity forest in SW China , 217,1429-1440. DOI:10.1007/s11258-016-0610-0URL [本文引用: 2]
IkegamiM, WhighamDF, WergerMJA (2012). Effects of local density of clonal plants on their sexual and vegetative propagation strategies in a lattice structure model , 234,51-59. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.026URL [本文引用: 1]
JanzenDH (1970). Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests , 104,501-528. DOI:10.1086/282687URL [本文引用: 1]
JiaoDZ, YaoL, HuangZY, YangYF (2015). Bud population dynamics of Phragmites australis in heterogeneous habitats of Northeast grassland, China , 26,404-410. [本文引用: 1]
Jiménez-AlfaroB, SilveiraFAO, FidelisA, PoschlodP, CommanderLE (2016). Seed germination traits can contribute better to plant community ecology , 27,637-645. DOI:10.1111/jvs.12375URL [本文引用: 1]
JoubertDF, SmitGN, HoffmanMT (2013). The influence of rainfall, competition and predation on seed production, germination and establishment of an encroaching Acacia in an arid Namibian savanna , 91,7-13. DOI:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.11.001URL [本文引用: 1]
KalleH, Ari-PekkaH, PasiR, JuhaT (2009). Seed introduction and gap creation facilitate restoration of meadow species richness , 17,236-244. DOI:10.1016/j.jnc.2009.04.007URL
KoyamaH (1998). Seed heteromorphism and timing of germination, their mechanisms and adaptive significance , 48,129-142. [本文引用: 1]
KupferschmidAD, StampfliA, NewberyDM (2000). Dispersal and microsite limitation in an abandoned calcareous grassland of the southern prealps , 35,125-141. DOI:10.1007/BF02803092URL [本文引用: 1]
laMantia T, RühlJ, MassaB, PipitoneS, LoVerde G, BuenoRS (2019). Vertebrate-mediated seed rain and artificial perches contribute to overcome seed dispersal limitation in a Mediterranean old field , 27,1393-1400. DOI:10.1111/rec.v27.6URL [本文引用: 1]
LarsonJE, FunkJL (2016). Regeneration: an overlooked aspect of trait-based plant community assembly models , 104,1284-1298. DOI:10.1111/1365-2745.12613URL [本文引用: 1]
LeeEH, LeeBE, KimJG (2018). Effects of water levels and soil nutrients on the growth of Iris laevigata seedlings , 42,5. DOI: 10.1186/s41610-018-0065-4. DOI:10.1186/s41610-018-0065-4URL [本文引用: 1]
LiAD, PengX, ZhangJL (2014). Study on plant regeneration bank in burned land after forest fire in karst areas , 32,40-46. [本文引用: 1]
LiHY, YangYF (2011). Age structures of Spodiopogon sibiricus populations on weedy meadow and elm woodland in Songnen Plain, Northeast China , 22,1982-1986. [本文引用: 1]
LiuMH, YeJ, WenB (2016). Seed germination and seedling survival of Baccaurea ramiflora and Saprosma ternata in Xishuangbanna tropical rainforests under habitat heterogeneity , 36,1654-1661.
LuJM, JohnsonDJ, QiaoXJ, LuZJ, WangQG, JiangMX (2015). Density dependence and habitat preference shape seedling survival in a subtropical forest in central China , 8,568-577. [本文引用: 1]
Lucas-BorjaME, Candel-PérezD, GarcíaMorote FA, OnkelinxT, TíscarPA, BalandierP (2016). Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii seedling recruitment is affected by stand basal area, shrub cover and climate interactions , 73,649-656. DOI:10.1007/s13595-016-0550-9URL [本文引用: 2]
LuoY, HeF, YuS (2013). Recruitment limitation of dominant tree species with varying seed masses in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest , 14,189-195. DOI:10.1556/ComEc.14.2013.2.9URL [本文引用: 1]
MaDX, LiuRL (2012). Comparative study on germination of Bretschneidara sinensis seeds treated with solution extracted from forest litter and other methods , 25,632-637. [本文引用: 1]
Marques MCM, Burslem DFRP (2015). Multiple stage recruitment limitation and density dependence effects in two tropical forests , 216,1243-1255. DOI:10.1007/s11258-015-0505-5URL [本文引用: 1]
MarteinsdóttirB (2014). Seed rain and seed bank reveal that seed limitation strongly influences plant community assembly in grasslands , 9,e103352. DOI: 10. 1371/journal.pone.0103352. DOI:10. 1371/journal.pone.0103352URL [本文引用: 1]
Martinez-RamosM, Alvarez-BuyllaER (1995). Seed dispersal and patch dynamics in tropical rain forests: a demographic approach , 2,223-229. DOI:10.1080/11956860.1995.11682287URL [本文引用: 1]
MayerR, ErschbamerB (2011). Seedling recruitment and seed-microsite limitation in traditionally grazed plant communities of the alpine zone , 12,10-20. DOI:10.1016/j.baae.2010.10.004URL [本文引用: 1]
McEuenAB, CurranLM (2004). Seed dispersal and recruitment limitation across spatial scales in temperate forest fragments , 85,507-518. DOI:10.1890/03-4006URL [本文引用: 2]
MendozaI, Gómez-AparicioL, ZamoraR, MatíasL (2009). Recruitment limitation of forest communities in a degraded Mediterranean landscape , 20,367-376. DOI:10.1111/jvs.2009.20.issue-2URL [本文引用: 1]
MolofskyJ, LanzaJ, CroneEE (2000). Plant litter feedback and population dynamics in an annual plant , 124,522-528. [本文引用: 1]
MoreiraX, Abdala-RobertsL, ZasR, MerloE, LombarderoMJ, SampedroL, MooneyKA (2016). Masting behaviour in a Mediterranean pine tree alters seed predator selection on reproductive output , 18,973-980. DOI:10.1111/plb.2016.18.issue-6URL [本文引用: 1]
Muller-LandauHC, WrightSJ, CalderónO, HubbellSP, FosterRB (2002). Assessing recruitment limitation: concepts, methods and case-studies from a tropical forest //Levey DJ, Silva WR, Wallingford MG. . CABI, Wallingford.35-53. [本文引用: 1]
MünzbergováZ, HerbenT (2005). Seed, dispersal, microsite, habitat and recruitment limitation: identification of terms and concepts in studies of limitations , 145,1-8. PMID:16028092 [本文引用: 4] Recently, there is an increase in number of studies concerned with the effect of various types of limitations on species local population size and distribution pattern at the landscape scale. The terminology used to describe these limitations is, however, very inconsistent. Since the different terms often appear in conclusions of the papers, the inconsistency in their use obscures the message of these papers. In this study, we review the current uses of these terms, identify the basic concepts involved in the discussion of a limitation and link the concepts with the currently used terms. Finally, we discuss the experimental approaches used to assess the different types of limitations. We differentiated four basic concepts resulting from the combination of limitation by environment versus ability to grow and spread, and two spatial scales (local and regional scale). The two concepts at each spatial scale are expected to form a gradient of all possible combinations of the two respective types of limitations. In the considerations of various experimental approaches used to assess these limitations, we conclude that sowing experiments, i.e. seed addition into existing populations or seed introduction into unoccupied habitats, are the only reliable types of evidence for the different types of limitations.
PalowDT, OberbauerSF (2009). Soil type affects seedling shade response at low light for two Inga species from Costa Rica , 319,25-35. DOI:10.1007/s11104-008-9846-3URL [本文引用: 1]
PutwainPD, MachinD, HarperJL (1968). Studies in the dynamics of plant populations: II. components and regulation of a natural population of Rumex acetosella L. , 56,421. DOI:10.2307/2258242URL [本文引用: 1]
QianJQ, WangZW, Klime?ováJ, LüX, KuangWN, LiuZM, HanXG (2017). Differences in below-ground bud bank density and composition along a climatic gradient in the temperate steppe of Northern China , 120,755-764. DOI:10.1093/aob/mcx072URL [本文引用: 1]
RandTA, WestNM, RussellFL, LoudaSM (2020). Post-dispersal factors influence recruitment patterns but do not override the importance of seed limitation in populations of a native thistle , 193,143-153. DOI:10.1007/s00442-020-04656-2URL [本文引用: 1]
RecordS, KobeRK, VriesendorpCF, FinleyAO (2016). Seedling survival responses to conspecific density, soil nutrients, and irradiance vary with age in a tropical forest , 97,2406-2415. DOI:10.1002/ecy.1458PMID:27859074 [本文引用: 1] Understanding processes that promote species coexistence is integral to diversity maintenance. In hyperdiverse tropical forests, local conspecific density (LCD) and light are influential to woody seedling recruitment and soil nutrients are often limiting, yet the simultaneous effects of these factors on seedling survival across time remain unknown. We fit species- and age-specific models to census and resource data of seedlings of 68 woody species from a Costa Rican wet tropical forest. In decreasing order of prevalence, seedling survivorship was related to LCD, soil base cations, irradiance, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Species-specific responses to factors did not covary, providing evidence that species life history strategies have not converged to one continuum of high-surviving stress tolerant to low-surviving stress intolerant species. Survival responses to all factors varied over the average seedling's lifetime, indicating seedling requirements change with age and conclusions drawn about processes important to species coexistence depend on temporal resolution.? 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.
ReyPJ, RamírezJM, Sánchez-LafuenteAM (2006). Seed- vs. microsite-limited recruitment in a myrmecochorous herb , 184,213-222. DOI:10.1007/s11258-005-9066-3URL [本文引用: 2]
RosinC, PoulsenJR (2018). Seed traits, not density or distance from parent, determine seed predation and establishment in an Afrotropical forest , 50,881-888. DOI:10.1111/btp.12601URL [本文引用: 1]
RotherDC, PizoMA, SiqueiraT, RodriguesRR, JordanoP (2015). Community-wide spatial and temporal discordances of seed-seedling shadows in a tropical rainforest , 10,e0123346. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123346. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123346URL
RussellML, VermeireLT (2015). Fire and nitrogen alter axillary bud number and activity in purple threeawn , 68,65-70. DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2014.12.009URL [本文引用: 1]
SagarGR, HarperJL (1960). Factors affecting the germination and early establishment of plantains (Plantago lanceolata, P. media and P. major) //Harper JL. . Blackwell, Oxford.236-245. [本文引用: 1]
SalazarA, GoldsteinG, FrancoAC, Miralles-WilhelmF (2011). Timing of seed dispersal and dormancy, rather than persistent soil seed-banks, control seedling recruitment of woody plants in Neotropical savannas , 21,103-116. DOI:10.1017/S0960258510000413URL [本文引用: 1]
SchuppEW, MilleronT, RussoSE (2002). Dissemination limitation and the origin and maintenance of species-rich tropical forests //Levey DJ, Silva WR, Wallingford MG. . CABI, Wallingford.19-33. [本文引用: 1]
SiemannE, RogersWE (2006). Recruitment limitation, seedling performance and persistence of exotic tree monocultures , 8,979-991. DOI:10.1007/s10530-005-0825-9URL [本文引用: 1]
SlodowiczD, HumbertJY, ArlettazR (2019). The relative effectiveness of seed addition methods for restoring or re-creating species rich grasslands: a systematic review protocol , 8, 28. DOI: 10.1186/s13750-019-0174-2. DOI:10.1186/s13750-019-0174-2 [本文引用: 1]
SolbreckC, KnapeJ (2017). Seed production and predation in a changing climate, new roles for resource and seed predator feedback? , 98,2301-2311. DOI:10.1002/ecy.1941URL [本文引用: 1]
TitusJH, BishopJG (2014). Propagule limitation and competition with nitrogen fixers limit conifer colonization during primary succession , 25,990-1003. DOI:10.1111/jvs.12155URL [本文引用: 1]
UriarteM, BrunaEM, RubimP, Anci?esM, JonckheereI (2010). Effects of forest fragmentation on the seedling recruitment of a tropical herb: assessing seed vs. safe-site limitation , 91,1317-1328. PMID:20503865 [本文引用: 1] Studies simultaneously evaluating the importance of safe-site and seed limitation for plant establishment are rare, particularly in human-modified landscapes. We used spatially explicit neighborhood models together with data from 10 0.5-ha mapped census plots in a fragmented landscape spanning 1000 km2 to (1) evaluate the relative importance of seed production, dispersal, and safe-site limitation for the recruitment of the understory herb Heliconia acuminata; and (2) determine how these processes differ between fragments and continuous forests. Our analyses demonstrated a large degree of variation in seed production, dispersal, and establishment among and within the 10 study plots. Seed production limitation was strong but only at small spatial scales. Average dispersal distance was less than 4 m, leading to severe dispersal limitation at most sites. Overall, safe-site limitation was the most important constraint on seedling establishment. Fragmentation led to a more heterogeneous light environment with negative consequences for seedling establishment but had little effect on seed production or dispersal. These results suggest that the effects of fragmentation on abiotic processes may be more important than the disruption of biotic interactions in driving biodiversity loss in tropical forests, at least for some functional groups. These effects may be common when the matrix surrounding fragments contains enough tree cover to enable movement of dispersers and pollinators.
UrretavizcayaMF, DefosséGE (2013). Effects of nurse shrubs and tree shelters on the survival and growth of two Austrocedrus chilensis seedling types in a forest restoration trial in semiarid Patagonia, Argentina , 70,21-30. DOI:10.1007/s13595-012-0234-zURL [本文引用: 1]
VaughtonG, RamseyM (2001). Relationships between seed mass, seed nutrients, and seedling growth in Banksia cunninghamii (Proteaceae) , 162,599-606. DOI:10.1086/320133URL [本文引用: 1]
VilàM, BartomeusI, GimenoI, TravesetA, MoraguesE (2006). Demography of the invasive geophyte Oxalis pes-caprae across a Mediterranean island , 97,1055-1062. DOI:10.1093/aob/mcl052URL [本文引用: 1]
WangDL, DuJ, ZhangBT, BaL, HodgkinsonKC (2017). Grazing intensity and phenotypic plasticity in the clonal grass Leymus chinensis , 70,740-747. DOI:10.1016/j.rama.2017.06.011URL [本文引用: 1]
WangZ, ZhangGS, WangLH, HaoYL, WenGS (2005). Seed yield, seed bank and regeneration of natural Sabina vulgaris community in mu us sandland , 19,195-200. [本文引用: 1]
XiaoZS, MiXC, HolyoakM, XieWH, CaoK, YangXF, HuangXQ, KrebsCJ (2017). Seed-predator satiation and Janzen-Connell effects vary with spatial scales for seed-feeding insects , 119,109-116. DOI:10.1093/aob/mcw224URL [本文引用: 1]
XieTP, ZhangGF, ZhaoZG, DuGZ, HeGY (2014). Intraspecific competition and light effect on reproduction of Ligularia virgaurea, an invasive native alpine grassland clonal herb , 4,817-825. DOI:10.1002/ece3.2014.4.issue-6URL [本文引用: 1]
XuY, ShenZH, LiDX, GuoQF (2015). Pre-dispersal seed predation in a species-rich forest community: patterns and the interplay with determinants , 10,e0143040. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143040. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0143040URL [本文引用: 1]
YangYF, WeiCY, ZhangBT, LiuB (2005). Dynamics of bud flow and bud bank of Phragmites communis population in dry land habitat of alkalinized meadow in the Songnen Plains of China , 16,854-858. [本文引用: 1]
ZárateDA, AndresenE, Santos-HerediaC (2019). Seed fate and seedling recruitment in monkey latrines in rustic cocoa plantations and rain forest in southern Mexico , 35,18-25. DOI:10.1017/S026646741800041XURL
ZhangHX, ZhouDW (2016). Current status in seed ecology , 33,2221-2236. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangJF, LiQH, WangLL, GaoMY, SunGJ, XingL (2018). Effects of different nitrogen addition on bud bank traits and branching architecture of Nitraria tangutorum seedlings , 31,158-166. [本文引用: 1]
ZhangYB, LiJW, ZhangH, LiJQ, WuP, ZhaoJ (2005). Analysis on the factors cause the failure of Populus euhpratica sextual regeneration in nature , 5,467-472. [本文引用: 1]
ZhaoGJ, XuXL, MaHC, HuangD, YangJJ, ShuYY, GeL, PingP (2016). Causes of difficulties with natural regeneration of a Bombax ceiba population in Hong-He dry-hot valleys (DHV) , 36,1342-1351. [本文引用: 1]
ZhaoLP, TanST, BaiX (2016). Effect of grazing and grazing exclusion management on offspring recruitment in a semiarid steppe on the Loess Plateau (Natural Science Edition), 44(9),27-34. [本文引用: 1]
ZhouY, ChenX, WeiXL, WuQ, LiCC (2015). Effects of litter on the seedling regeneration and seed germination of Rhododendron agastum , 51(3),65-74. [本文引用: 2]
Seedling recruitment limitation in white clover (Trifolium repens; Leguminosae) 1 1992
... 目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词.可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制.但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议.就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗.补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后.但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992).Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程.Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制. ...
Belowground bud banks and meristem limitation in tallgrass prairie plant populations 1 2004
... 除了环境和生物因素, 干扰对芽库和无性繁殖的影响也受到较多关注.在干扰因子中, 放牧干扰研究得最多, 适度的放牧干扰有利于增加地下芽的数量和地上部分的分蘖密度、分枝数量以及无性繁殖分配, 过度放牧则具有抑制作用(Dalgleish et al., 2012; 赵凌平等, 2016; 崔伟等, 2017; 古琛等, 2017; Wang et al., 2017).火是另一个重要的干扰因子, 多见于森林和草原生态系统中.由于地下芽位于土壤之中, 在火烧干扰后存活率高于地上芽, 在种群更新中具有更为重要的作用(Pausas et al., 2018).火烧对地下芽库的影响与发生时间(Russell & Vermeire, 2015)、频率(Benson et al., 2004; Dalgleish & Hartnett, 2009)、强度(李安定等, 2014)以及物种的生活型(Dalgleish & Hartnett, 2009)有关. ...
Effectiveness of predator satiation in masting oaks is negatively affected by conspecific density 2 2018
Effect of shrubs on recruitment of Quercus douglasii and Quercus lobata in California 1 1992
... 目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词.可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制.但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议.就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗.补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后.但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992).Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程.Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制. ...
Seed and microsite limitations of recruitment and the impacts of post-dispersal seed predation at the within population level 2 2007
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Loss of animal seed dispersal increases extinction risk in a tropical tree species due to pervasive negative density dependence across life stages 1 2015
... 一般来说, 扩散限制与种子产量(种子雨)、种子扩散方式与能力以及传播媒介有关.比如在种子丰产年份中, 种子产量的增加提高了种子散布比例, 其原理可以用同胞竞争(sibling competition)假说解释, 即种子产量增加的时候, 需要增加散布比例从而减少同胞后代在母株附近的竞争, 避免降低母株适合度(Cheplick, 1992).依靠动物传播的种子则依赖于动物种类(la Mantia et al., 2019)、数量(Caughlin et al., 2015)以及动物行为(Schupp et al., 2000). ...
Sibling competition in plants 1 1992
... 一般来说, 扩散限制与种子产量(种子雨)、种子扩散方式与能力以及传播媒介有关.比如在种子丰产年份中, 种子产量的增加提高了种子散布比例, 其原理可以用同胞竞争(sibling competition)假说解释, 即种子产量增加的时候, 需要增加散布比例从而减少同胞后代在母株附近的竞争, 避免降低母株适合度(Cheplick, 1992).依靠动物传播的种子则依赖于动物种类(la Mantia et al., 2019)、数量(Caughlin et al., 2015)以及动物行为(Schupp et al., 2000). ...
Roles of seed and establishment limitation in determining patterns of afrotropical tree recruitment 2 2013
Are plant populations seed limited? A critique and meta-analysis of seed addition experiments 5 2007
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
... , 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Seed dispersal near and far: patterns across temperate and tropical forests 2 1999
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
... 扩散限制是产生的种子无法散布到合适的生境而影响种群幼苗的补充.就一般意义而言, 不论风媒传播还是动物传播(包括二次搬运), 都会导致种子或幼苗局限于母树周围呈聚集性分布(Clark et al., 1999), 因此, 不论种群还是群落水平, 扩散限制是普遍存在的, 差别只在于限制程度不同.以往在种群和群落水平上进行种子添加或者种子雨监测实验已有大量报道, 包括热带雨林(Dalling et al., 2002), 温带森林草本群落(Ehrlén & Eriksson,2000; Rey et al., 2006)等各种植被类型, 但是这类实验并不能解释为什么会产生扩散限制. ...
Can the persistent seed bank contribute to the passive restoration of urban forest fragments after invasive species removal? 2 2017
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
... ); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Local and regional processes in low-productive mountain plant communities: the roles of seed and microsite limitation in relation to grazing 1 2005
... 动物的牧食作用对幼苗存活率也有显著影响, 但是结论并不一致.哺乳动物(如旅鼠(Lemmus sp.)和驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus))的自然放牧有利于物种的定殖和幼苗萌发(Eskelinen & Virtanen, 2005).而其他研究则表明, 蛞蝓(Agriolimax agrestis)对种子萌发和幼苗形成都有负面影响(Kupferschmid et al., 2000; Overbeck et al., 2003). ...
How does the seed fate of Crotalaria podocarpa DC, a highly competitive herbaceous legume in arid rangelands, contribute to its establishment probability? 1 2015
... 地下芽库和无性繁殖对植物种群更新的作用受到环境、生物和干扰等多重因素的制约.在土壤含水量增加(焦德志等, 2015; Qian et al., 2017), 养分充足(张俊菲等, 2018)等情况下, 地下芽数量增加, 种群倾向于通过无性繁殖方式维持更新.在生物影响因素方面, 随着种间竞争强度的增加, 会降低有性繁殖, 增加无性繁殖(侯真珍等, 2013; Titus & Bishop, 2014), 而随着种内竞争强度的增加, 则以产生种子的有性繁殖为主, 降低无性繁殖对种群更新的贡献(Ikegami et al., 2012; 侯真珍等, 2013; Xie et al., 2014). ...
... ; 侯真珍等, 2013; Xie et al., 2014). ...
珍稀克隆植物北极花有性繁殖动态及影响因素 2 2013
... 地下芽库和无性繁殖对植物种群更新的作用受到环境、生物和干扰等多重因素的制约.在土壤含水量增加(焦德志等, 2015; Qian et al., 2017), 养分充足(张俊菲等, 2018)等情况下, 地下芽数量增加, 种群倾向于通过无性繁殖方式维持更新.在生物影响因素方面, 随着种间竞争强度的增加, 会降低有性繁殖, 增加无性繁殖(侯真珍等, 2013; Titus & Bishop, 2014), 而随着种内竞争强度的增加, 则以产生种子的有性繁殖为主, 降低无性繁殖对种群更新的贡献(Ikegami et al., 2012; 侯真珍等, 2013; Xie et al., 2014). ...
... ; 侯真珍等, 2013; Xie et al., 2014). ...
Effects of herbivores and litter on Lithocarpus hancei seed germination and seedling survival in the understorey of a high diversity forest in SW China 2 2016
The influence of rainfall, competition and predation on seed production, germination and establishment of an encroaching Acacia in an arid Namibian savanna 1 2013
... 目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词.可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制.但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议.就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗.补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后.但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992).Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程.Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制. ...
Recruitment limitation of forest communities in a degraded Mediterranean landscape 1 2009
... 目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词.可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制.但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议.就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗.补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后.但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992).Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程.Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制. ...
Plant litter feedback and population dynamics in an annual plant 1 2000
Assessing recruitment limitation: concepts, methods and case-studies from a tropical forest 1 2002
... 目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词.可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制.但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议.就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗.补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后.但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992).Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程.Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制. ...
Seed, dispersal, microsite, habitat and recruitment limitation: identification of terms and concepts in studies of limitations 4 2005
... 目前国内****在进行植物种群更新研究时, 大多使用更新限制一词.可以简单认为, 影响种群自然更新过程的任何因素或生态学过程都可以视为更新限制.但是国外文献中很少有论文使用更新限制(regeneration limitation), 相反, 使用最多的是recruitment limitation (本文译为补充限制), 并且外文文献中对补充限制的涵义也颇有争议.就本身词义而言, 牛津词典(Oxford English Dictionary online)对“recruitment”的解释为“The process of finding people to work for a company or become a new member of an organization”, 指的是公司或组织招募员工的过程, 其主体对象为新成员, 用于生物种群, 则应该是动物幼体、植物种子或幼苗.补充限制一词最早见于水生生物种群研究, 指的是可用于补充种群的扩散个体的限制, 发生于扩散阶段之后.但是补充限制应用于陆地植物研究时涵义比较混乱, 有时候指的是种子限制(McEuen & Curran,2004; Mendoza et al., 2009), 有时候指的是幼苗限制(Barrett & Silander, 1992; Callaway, 1992).Muller-Landau等(2002)认为补充限制包括种源限制、微生境限制和种子扩散过程.Münzbergová和Herben (2005)则认为只有同时包括种子生产和幼苗存活过程才是补充限制, 而把仅仅由种子数量引起的限制称为种源限制. ...
Timing of seed dispersal and dormancy, rather than persistent soil seed-banks, control seedling recruitment of woody plants in Neotropical savannas 1 2011
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Seed mass and the competition/colonization trade-off: a sowing experiment 1 1999
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Effects of forest fragmentation on the seedling recruitment of a tropical herb: assessing seed vs. safe-site limitation 1 2010
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Effects of nurse shrubs and tree shelters on the survival and growth of two Austrocedrus chilensis seedling types in a forest restoration trial in semiarid Patagonia, Argentina 1 2013
Demography of the invasive geophyte Oxalis pes-caprae across a Mediterranean island 1 2006
... 无论种内竞争(密度制约)(Vilàet al., 2006)还是种间竞争(Duclos et al., 2013), 竞争强度的增加均会降低幼苗的存活率, 尤其地上竞争的影响更大(Ding et al., 2016), 但是竞争对幼苗建成和生长的影响受环境因子和空间尺度制约, 在土壤水分充足(Lucas-Borja et al., 2016)或者土壤肥沃(Gavinet et al., 2016)的条件下, 种间竞争对幼苗存活的影响很小甚至不存在, 而只在严酷生境中才显得很重要. ...
Grazing intensity and phenotypic plasticity in the clonal grass Leymus chinensis 1 2017
... 除了环境和生物因素, 干扰对芽库和无性繁殖的影响也受到较多关注.在干扰因子中, 放牧干扰研究得最多, 适度的放牧干扰有利于增加地下芽的数量和地上部分的分蘖密度、分枝数量以及无性繁殖分配, 过度放牧则具有抑制作用(Dalgleish et al., 2012; 赵凌平等, 2016; 崔伟等, 2017; 古琛等, 2017; Wang et al., 2017).火是另一个重要的干扰因子, 多见于森林和草原生态系统中.由于地下芽位于土壤之中, 在火烧干扰后存活率高于地上芽, 在种群更新中具有更为重要的作用(Pausas et al., 2018).火烧对地下芽库的影响与发生时间(Russell & Vermeire, 2015)、频率(Benson et al., 2004; Dalgleish & Hartnett, 2009)、强度(李安定等, 2014)以及物种的生活型(Dalgleish & Hartnett, 2009)有关. ...
毛乌素沙地天然臭柏群落种子产量、种子库及幼苗更新 1 2005
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
毛乌素沙地天然臭柏群落种子产量、种子库及幼苗更新 1 2005
... 就种子生产而言, 容易产生种源限制的植物类群大体具有以下特点: 演替的先锋物种(Turnbull et al., 2000)以及具短命(Crawley, 1990)、大种子(Turnbull et al., 1999; 王哲等, 2005; Clark et al., 2007)或短寿种子(Clark et al., 2007)等特征的植物.另外, 与大尺度相比, 在较小的空间尺度上容易发生种源限制(Uriarte et al., 2010); 与草地相比, 森林更容易发生种源限制(Crawley, 1990; Eriksson & Ehrlén 1992; Clark et al.1999; Turnbull et al., 2000); 与稳定生境相比, 干扰的生境更容易发生种源限制(Clark et al., 2007), 但是干扰引起的种子限制对种群更新的影响与种子数量有关系, 如果种子数量足够, 干扰的作用可能会很小, 而在种子有限的情况下, 这种影响最大(Calvi?o-Cancela,2007). ...
Seed-predator satiation and Janzen-Connell effects vary with spatial scales for seed-feeding insects 1 2017