关键词:密植; 耗水量; 蒸散比; 产量; 水分利用效率 Effect of Planting Density on Water Consumption Characteristics of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Area WANG Qiao-Mei1,*, FAN Zhi-Long1,*, ZHAO Yan-Hua2, YIN Wen1, CHAI Qiang1,* 1Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Fund:This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503125-3) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360323) AbstractIn oasis irrigation agricultural region, water resources deficit is one of the most serious constraints for crop production. However, the insufficient academic support for how compact planting affecting crop water consumption has led to a great short slab on increasing yield and water use efficiency (WUE) simultaneously through the regulation of plant density in practices. Under the same fertilization and irrigation level, a field experiment was carried out in 2012-2015 in order to investigate the water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of maize under different density levels (D1, 75 000 plants ha-1, low; D2, 87 000 plants ha-1, medium; and D3, 99 000 plants ha-1, high). Withincreasing planting density the total water consumption (ET) increased in whole growth stage, but had no significant changes from sowing to jointing stage and from filling to full ripe stage. The total ET in high and medium density treatments significantly increased by 22.8% and 14.4% on average of four years, while by 28.4% and 18.2% on average of four years mainly in big trumpet to silking stage, respectively, compared with low density treatment. Similarly, increasing planting density could reduce invalid water consumption and increase water use efficiency, the high and medium density treatments reduced evaporation (E) in whole growth stage, by 56.5 mm and 27.6 mm, significantly decreased average daily evaporation from jointing to filling, and even greatly from big trumpet to silking stage, with the decreased values of 0.51 mm and 0.27 mm, respectively, compared with low density treatment. For E/ET, it was decreased with planting density increases, and the E/ET under high and medium density was reduced by 34.5% and 18.8%, respectively, especially from jointing to big trumpet, which decreased by 22.1% and 10.7%, respectively. On average, the grain yield under high and medium density was 17.9% and 14.8% greater than that under low density, but the difference was not significant. The water use efficiency (WUE) under high, medium and low density was 18.2, 19.3, and 16.8 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. While, the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under high and medium density was increased by 34.5% and 19.6%, respectively, compared with low density. Therefore, further increasing planting density is favorable to improve grain yield and IWUE under the condition of traditional water supplement and film mulching in Oasis irrigation region.
Keyword:Dense planting; Water consumption; E/ET; Grain yield; Water use efficiency Show Figures Show Figures
图2 不同处理的玉米生育期内耗水量动态ET; 总耗水量; D1: 低密度; D2: 中密度; D3: 高密度。不同字母表示同一生育阶段内各处理间差异显著(P< 0.05)。Fig. 2 Dynamics of water consumption during each growth stage of maize in different treatmentsET: total water consumption; D1: low density; D2: medium density; D3: high density. Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different among different treatments in the same growth stage at P< 0.05.
图3 不同种植密度玉米生育阶段棵间蒸发日均值变化处理缩写同图2, 图中竖线表示玉米的3个生长阶段。Fig. 3 Variation of average daily evaporation under different planting densitiesTreatments are abbreviated as in Fig.2. The vertical lines in each figure are three dividing growth stage of maize into three parts.
图4 不同种植密度下玉米各生育阶段蒸散比变化E/ET: 蒸散比; 处理缩写同图2。Fig. 4 Changes of E/ET during each growth stage of maize under different planting densitiesE/ET: the percentage of evaporation and crop water consumption. Treatments are abbreviated as in Fig. 2.
4 结论在河西绿洲灌区, 当施肥、灌溉制度相同时, 增大密度增大了玉米全生育期总耗水, 且密度对玉米耗水量的影响主要发生在大喇叭口期至吐丝期; 增大密度降低了玉米全生育期的棵间蒸发量、减小了蒸散比, 而降低土壤无效耗水、提高水分利用率的作用主要体现在玉米的大喇叭口期至吐丝期。与低密度相比, 适当增大种植密度有助于提高水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率及玉米产量。因此, 在水肥供给充足的基础上, 增大玉米种植密度是绿洲灌区实现灌溉水高效利用、玉米高产的主要栽培技术。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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