关键词:秸秆还田; 耕作模式; 土壤养分; 土壤微生物; 酶活性; 产量 Effects of Tillage Patterns on Soil Biological Activity, Availability of Soil Nutrients and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat CHEN Jin, PANG Dang-Wei, HAN Ming-Ming, YIN Yan-Ping, ZHENG Meng-Jing, LUO Yong-Li, WANG Zhen-Lin*, LI Yong* State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China Fund:This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271661, 31271667, 30871477), the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404), the National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFD0300400), the National Research and Development Program (2016YFD0300400), China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203100, 201203029), the Science and Technology Program for Universities in Shandong Province (J14LF12), the Shandong Mount Tai Program for Industrial Leading Talents, and the Shandong Innovation Project for Applied Technologies in Agriculture AbstractTo determine the effects of different tillage practices on soil biochemical properties and grain yield of winter wheat under continuous maize straw return, we conducted a five-year field experiment from October 2011 to June 2016. Four treatments were compared, which were continuously rotary tillage with total maize straw removed (RT), continuously rotary tillage with maize straw return (RS), continuously deep-plowing tillage with maize straw return (DS), and two-year rotary tillage followed by one-year deep-plowing tillage with maize straw return (TS). Compared with RT, treatments with straw return significantly improved the soil fertility in the 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm depths, increasing contents of soil organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. In addition, the activities of urease, protease, nitratase, and invertase, as well as soil microbial diversity in the 0-30 cm depth increased by 23.1%-59.3%, 13.2%-40.7%, 14.1%-28.8%, 10.9%-19.5%, and 31.9%-42.5%, respectively. Straw return resulted in significant increases in relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Actinobacteria and significant decrease in that of Acidobacteria. In the three treatments with straw return, vertical distribution of soil fertility was affected by tillage practice. For example, the soil fertility and bioactivity in the 0-10 cm depth were significantly higher in RS than in DS and TS, whereas those in the 10-30 cm depth were significantly lower in RS than in DS and TS. Consecutively rotary tillage for three years resulted in yield decrease of wheat, whether straw returned to the field or not. In contrast, DS and TS with deep-plowing practice showed continuous yield increase during the five years with the average annual increase of 3.2% and 3.9%, respectively. The present study indicates that under straw return condition, two-year rotary tillage followed by one-year deep-plowing tillage is a promising pattern in the eastern part of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain to improve soil quality and wheat productivity.
Keyword:Straw return; Tillage pattern; Soil nutrient; Soil microbial; Enzyme activities; Grain yield Show Figures Show Figures
图1 耕作模式对不同土层土壤有机碳(SOC)及活性有机碳(LOC)含量的影响Fig. 1 Effects of tillage pattern on soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC) contents in different soil layers
图5 冬小麦5年平均产量与土壤生物活性和有效养分的相关性 Inv: 蔗糖酶; Pro: 蛋白酶; Ure: 脲酶; NR: 硝酸还原酶。Fig. 5 Correlations between average yield of winter wheat across five years and soil bioactivity and available nutrient Inv: invertase; Pro: protease; Ure: urease; NR: nitratase.
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