关键词:不同类型品种; 甬优538; 穗部特征; 籽粒灌浆 Panicle Traits and Grain-filling Characteristics of Japonica/ Indica Hybrid Super Rice Yongyou 538 WEI Huan-He1, MENG Tian-Yao1, LI Chao1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*, SHI Tian-Yu1, MA Rong-Rong2, WANG Xiao-Yan3, YANG Jun-Wen4, DAI Qi-Gen1, HUO Zhong-Yang1, XU Ke1, WEI Hai-Yan1, GUO Bao-Wei1 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2 Crop Research Institute, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China
3Ningbo Seed Company of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China
4Yinzhou District Agricultural Technology Service Station, Ningbo 315100, China
Fund:This study was supported by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agricultural (02318802013231), the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102), the Great Technology Project of Ningbo (2013C11001), and the Key Projects of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340) AbstractA field experiment was conducted using indica-japonica rice Yongyou 538 as the material, conventional japonica rice Zhendao 18, and hybrid indica rice Zhongzheyou 1 as the check. The panicle was separated into six parts, i.e. upper primary branches (UP), upper secondary branches (US), middle primary branches (MP), middle secondary branches (MS), low primary branches (LP), and low secondary branches (LS). We compared the differences in panicle traits and grain-filling characteristics of different cultivars of rice types. The main results were as follows: (1) Yongyou 538 had an average yield of 12.5 t ha-1 across two years, which was 17.6% and 15.2% higher than that of Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhendao 18, respectively, Yongyou 538 also had the highest spikelets per panicle and total spikelets among the three varieties. (2) Yongyou 538 had higher grain weight per panicle and grain density, as well as higher number of grains in the six corresponding parts of panicle compared with Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhendao 18, especially in the upper secondary branches and the middle secondary branches of panicle. (3) For Yongyou 538, grain-filling processes were synchronous types between UP and MP, US and MS, and LP and LS, but were asynchronous types between UP and MP, US and MS, and LP and LS. For Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhendao 18, grain-filling processes of UP, US, and MP were synchronous types, while asynchronous types existed between UP, US, MP and LP, LS. Among the varieties, the mean final weight of a kernel in the six parts of the panicle in Zhendao18 was the highest, mean value of maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate showed Zhongzheyou 1>Zhendao 18>Yongyou 538, while effective grain-filling period showed Yongyou 538>Zhendao 18>Zhongzheyou 1
Keyword:Different type rice cultivars; Yongyou 538; Panicle traits; Grain-filling characteristics Show Figures Show Figures
图1 水稻生长期间的平均温度(A)、日照时数(B)和降雨量(C)Fig. 1 Mean temperature (A), sunshine hours (B), and precipitation (C) during the rice growing seasons in 2012 and 2013
表3 各品种的穗部性状 Table 3 Panicle characteristics of the tested variety
品种Variety
PL
GWPP
GD
NGUP
NGUS
NGMP
NGMS
NGLP
NGLS
2012
甬优538 Yongyou 538
22.7 b
6.4 a
15.8 a
37.8 a
80.9 a
44.4 a
95.9 a
40.8 a
58.0 a
镇稻18 Zhendao 18
18.8 c
3.6 c
8.2 b
24.1 b
10.1 c
28.1 b
37.6 c
23.4 b
30.2 c
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1
27.6 a
4.8 b
7.4 c
18.6 c
48.0 b
19.1 c
58.4 b
23.0 b
37.2 b
2013
甬优538 Yongyou 538
23.2 b
6.2 a
14.3 a
34.3 a
87.4 a
38.0 a
95.4 a
36.2 a
40.1 a
镇稻18 Zhendao 18
18.4 c
3.8 c
8.7 b
26.0 b
12.4 c
27.3 b
40.9 c
25.7 b
27.2 c
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1
27.1 a
4.9 b
7.7 c
21.5 c
48.1 b
21.4 b
61.3 b
24.1 b
32.8 b
PL: panicle length; GWPP: grain weight per panicle; GD: grain density; NGUP: number of grains in the upper primary branches; NGUS: number of grains in the upper secondary branches; NGMP: number of grains in the middle primary branches; NGMS: number of grains in the middle secondary branches; NGLP: number of grains in the low primary branches; NGLS: number of grains in the low secondary branches. Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level in the same year. PL:穗长; GWPP: 单穗重; GD: 着粒密度; NGUP: 上部一次枝粳籽粒数; NGUS: 上部二次枝粳籽粒数; NGMP: 中部一次枝粳籽粒数; NGMS: 中部二次枝粳籽粒数; NGLP: 下部一次枝粳籽粒数; NGLS: 下部二次枝粳籽粒数。标以不同字母的值在同一年份5%水平差异显著。
表3 各品种的穗部性状 Table 3 Panicle characteristics of the tested variety
表5 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆参数 Table 5 Grain-filling parameters of the tested varieties
品种 Variety
穗部部位 Part in the panicle
最大灌浆速率 Maximum grain-filling rate (mg grain-1 d-1)
平均灌浆速率 Mean grain-filling rate (mg grain-1 d-1)
达最大灌浆速率的时间 Time for maximum grain-filling rate (d)
有效灌浆时间 Effective grain-filling duration (d)
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1
上部一次枝粳 UP
1.9566
1.2360
10.41
17.12
上部二次枝粳 US
1.6339
1.0388
13.01
20.74
中部一次枝粳 MP
1.7510
1.1064
12.80
20.07
中部二次枝粳 MS
1.1363
0.7208
17.98
29.15
下部一次枝粳 LP
0.8814
0.5601
20.47
33.87
下部二次枝粳 LS
0.8241
0.5268
20.58
33.82
平均 Mean
1.3638 a
0.8648 a
15.88 c
25.79 c
镇稻18 Zhendao 18
上部一次枝粳 UP
1.2476
0.7668
15.61
25.06
上部二次枝粳 US
1.0648
0.6686
19.03
31.56
中部一次枝粳 MP
1.0571
0.6666
19.67
32.61
中部二次枝粳 MS
1.0357
0.6596
20.74
26.21
下部一次枝粳 LP
0.8661
0.5485
25.94
41.22
下部二次枝粳 LS
0.8389
0.5362
26.93
42.22
平均 Mean
1.0183 b
0.6411 b
21.32 b
33.14 b
甬优538 Yongyou 538
上部一次枝粳 UP
1.3578
0.8599
15.76
25.09
上部二次枝粳 US
0.5319
0.3298
30.78
48.61
中部一次枝粳 MP
0.8850
0.5580
20.82
34.02
中部二次枝粳 MS
0.5825
0.3689
34.26
53.45
下部一次枝粳 LP
0.5242
0.3319
41.16
55.82
下部二次枝粳 LS
0.4053
0.1951
46.21
92.16
平均 Mean
0.7145 c
0.4406 c
31.67 a
51.53 a
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level. UP: upper primary branches; US: upper secondary branches; MP: middle primary branches; MS: middle secondary branches; LP: low primary branches; LS: low secondary branches. 标以不同字母的值在5%水平差异显著。
表5 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆参数 Table 5 Grain-filling parameters of the tested varieties
表6 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆前、中、后期3个阶段的特征 Table 6 Grain-filling characteristics of early, middle, and late stages for tested varieties
穗部部位 Part in the panicle
前期 Early stage
中期 Middle stage
后期 Late stage
天数 Days (d)
平均速率 MGR (mg grain-1 d-1)
灌浆量 GF (mg)
天数 Days (d)
平均速率 MGR (mg grain-1 d-1)
灌浆量 GF (mg)
天数 Days (d)
平均速率 MGR (mg grain-1 d-1)
灌浆量 GF (mg)
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1
上部一次枝粳 UP
7.74
0.9619
149.77
5.28
1.7374
184.06
4.06
0.5298
43.11
上部二次枝粳 US
10.06
0.6423
311.36
5.91
1.4491
410.83
4.77
0.4373
99.94
中部一次枝粳 MP
9.94
0.7267
146.21
5.73
1.5548
180.23
4.42
0.4739
42.32
中部二次枝粳 MS
13.66
0.4941
403.99
8.63
1.0076
520.10
6.85
0.3052
125.09
下部一次枝粳 LP
15.34
0.3982
143.89
10.26
0.7818
189.11
8.27
0.2362
45.92
下部二次枝粳 LS
15.66
0.3263
178.85
9.85
0.7302
251.65
8.31
0.2186
63.70
平均 Mean
12.07 c
0.5916 a
222.35 b
7.61c
1.2102 a
289.33 b
6.11 c
0.3668 a
70.01 b
镇稻18 Zhendao 18
上部一次枝粳 UP
11.39
0.8954
255.76
8.43
1.1131
235.22
5.23
0.3552
46.59
上部二次枝粳 US
13.95
0.5987
93.94
10.16
0.9465
108.11
7.44
0.2913
24.41
中部一次枝粳 MP
15.59
0.4496
194.18
10.30
0.9182
262.04
8.45
0.2761
64.82
中部二次枝粳 MS
14.53
0.5519
314.79
10.28
0.9389
379.16
7.80
0.2871
87.92
下部一次枝粳 LP
19.99
0.3619
177.74
11.90
0.7687
224.63
9.33
0.2334
53.52
下部二次枝粳 LS
21.24
0.2829
172.49
11.37
0.7432
242.80
9.60
0.2225
61.42
平均 Mean
16.12 b
0.5234 b
201.48 c
10.41 b
0.9048 b
241.99 c
7.98 b
0.2776 b
56.45 c
甬优538 Yongyou 538
上部一次枝粳 UP
12.13
0.5711
249.83
7.26
1.2051
315.80
5.70
0.3660
75.34
上部二次枝粳 US
23.14
0.3105
605.04
15.29
0.4738
610.09
10.17
0.1488
127.91
中部一次枝粳 MP
15.57
0.4397
281.81
10.49
0.7861
339.90
7.95
0.2404
78.69
中部二次枝粳 MS
26.79
0.2280
584.42
14.94
0.5168
738.42
11.72
0.1570
176.00
下部一次枝粳 LP
27.98
0.2052
220.99
15.60
0.4652
279.51
12.23
0.1412
66.61
下部二次枝粳 LS
26.55
0.1431
186.39
29.23
0.3551
509.14
36.38
0.0995
177.56
平均 Mean
22.03 a
0.3163 c
354.75 a
15.47 a
0.6337 c
465.48 a
14.03 a
0.1922 c
117.02 a
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level. UP: upper primary branches; US: upper secondary branches; MP: middle primary branches; MS: middle secondary branches; LP: low primary branches; LS: low secondary branches; MGR: mean grain-filling rate; GF: grain filling. 标以不同字母的值在5%水平差异显著。
表6 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆前、中、后期3个阶段的特征 Table 6 Grain-filling characteristics of early, middle, and late stages for tested varieties
4 结论不同类型品种在穗部特征和籽粒灌浆特性上存在较大差异。甬优538的单穗重、每穗粒数和着粒密度显著高于对照, 穗部6个部位的籽粒数也显著高 于对照, 且以上部二次枝粳籽粒和中部二次枝粳籽粒数增加最为明显。甬优538 穗部6个部位中, UP与MP、MS与US、LP与LS为同步灌浆, 两两之间为异步灌浆。尽管甬优538灌浆速率偏低, 但依靠较长的有效灌浆时间以及较多的穗粒数, 提高了穗部的灌浆充实量以及单穗重, 最终产量较高。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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