关键词:棉花; 非叶绿色器官; 光合能力; 相对贡献率; 水分亏缺 Photosynthetic Characteristics after Flowering and Contribution of Non-leaf Green Organs of Cotton to Yield under Mulching-drip Irrigation with Water Deficiency ZHAN Dong-Xia, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Ya-Li, LUO Hong-Hai, GOU Ling, ZHANG Wang-Feng* Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group / Agriculture College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China Fund:This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1203283) and the Doctoral Foundation Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2013BB002) AbstractLeaf is one of the main photosynthetic organs, while other green parts of plant also retain or develop chlorophyll and have photosynthesis. To better understand the whole plant photosynthesis production potential and contribution to cotton yield, we selected Xinluzao 33 and Xinluzao 45 (two common cultivars in Northern Xinjiang) with three irrigation treatments (CI, conventional irrigation; SDI, slight deficit irrigation; MDI, moderate deficit irrigation) to measure the chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate ( Pn), stomatal conductance ( gs) and photosynthate accumulation in leaf and non-leaf green organs during different growth stages and the contribution of non-leaf green organs to yield. The results showed that the Pn and Chl in non-leaf organs were relatively insensitive to soil moisture stress, decreasing by only a small amount between 25 and 45 days after anthesis. With reduction of water supply, the dry matter production in non-leaf green organs played more important roles in cotton yield formation. Cotton boll weight in the moderate deficit irrigation treatment decreased by 16.8% to 34.9% when the bolls (capsule walls plus bracts) were shaded and by 7.6% to 17.5% when the stalks were shaded. Hence, limiting-irrigation treatment is important to maintain high leaf photosynthetic rates. It is also important to develop the potential photosynthetic capacity of non-leaf green organs. This is especially important when leaf photosynthesis capacity declines due to leaf aging or water stress.
Keyword:Cotton; Non-leaf green organ; Photosynthesis; Relative contribution; Water deficiency Show Figures Show Figures
表1 不同滴灌量处理下棉花各绿色器官的气孔导度(2013) Table 1 Effect of water deficit on stomatal conductance (gs) in cotton organs during various times after anthesis in 2013 (mol m-2s-1)
花后时间 Days after anthesis
器官 Organ
新陆早45 号Xinluzao 45
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
CI
SDI
MDI
CI
SDI
MDI
5 d
叶片 Leaf
0.79± 0.02 a
0.68± 0.05 b
0.45± 0.03 c
0.76± 0.01 a
0.73± 0.08 a
0.46± 0.03 b
苞叶 Bract
0.09± 0.02 a
0.08± 0.02 b
0.06± 0.01 c
0.10± 0.02 a
0.09± 0.02 ab
0.07± 0.01 b
铃壳 Capsule wall
—
—
—
—
—
—
25 d
叶片 Leaf
0.49± 0.02 a
0.39± 0.09 b
0.14± 0.03 c
0.51± 0.00 a
0.48± 0.09 b
0.09± 0.03 c
苞叶 Bract
0.08± 0.01 a
0.06± 0.01 b
0.05± 0.01 c
0.09± 0.02 a
0.08± 0.02 a
0.06± 0.02 a
铃壳 Capsule wall
0.22± 0.02 a
0.18± 0.02 b
0.09± 0.01 c
0.26± 0.01 a
0.19± 0.04 b
0.10± 0.03 c
45 d
叶片 Leaf
0.19± 0.05 a
0.16± 0.03 b
0.13± 0.02 c
0.23± 0.05 a
0.18± 0.02 b
0.14± 0.03 c
苞叶 Bract
0.06± 0.02 a
0.04± 0.01 b
0.04± 0.01 b
0.05± 0.01 a
0.05± 0.01 a
0.04± 0.01 b
铃壳 Capsule wall
0.13± 0.03 a
0.09± 0.04 b
0.10± 0.03 b
0.18± 0.03 a
0.15± 0.04 b
0.07± 0.03 c
CI: conventional irrigation; SDI: slight deficit irrigation; MDI: moderate deficit irrigation. Comparing water treatments within a cultivar, values within a line followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level of probability according to LSD test. “ — ” means fruit was not sufficiently developed at that time so that the capsule wall could not be analyzed. CI: 常规滴灌量处理; SDI: 轻度水分亏缺处理; MDI: 中度水分亏缺处理。同一行同一品种不同小写字母表示各器官水分处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。“ — ” 表示铃太小无法测定。
表1 不同滴灌量处理下棉花各绿色器官的气孔导度(2013) Table 1 Effect of water deficit on stomatal conductance (gs) in cotton organs during various times after anthesis in 2013 (mol m-2s-1)
表2 不同滴灌量下棉花非叶绿色器官光合能力对铃重的相对贡献率 Table 2 Contribution of non-leaf organs to boll weight in cotton as affected by different water supplies (%)
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
铃壳和苞叶 Capsule walls plus bracts
茎秆 Stalks
总贡献率 Total contribution
2012
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
CI
14.2± 1.0 b
9.2± 1.2 b
23.4± 2.7 c
SDI
14.8± 1.1 b
13.0± 2.9 a
27.8± 2.1 b
MDI
16.8± 1.4 a
14.3± 1.6 a
31.1± 3.3 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
CI
13.4± 1.3 b
9.6± 0.5 b
23.0± 1.8 b
SDI
26.5± 2.1 a
16.7± 1.8 a
43.2± 3.9 a
MDI
24.7± 1.9 a
17.5± 2.3 a
42.2± 2.4 a
2013
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
CI
18.9± 1.1 b
6.0± 0.5 b
18.6± 1.2 b
SDI
26.0± 1.8 a
10.7± 2.3 a
36.7± 2.7 a
MDI
27.4± 1.6 a
7.6± 1.5 b
35.0± 2.2 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
CI
29.7± 0.9 c
9.9± 0.8 b
39.6± 1.1 c
SDI
37.1± 2.0 a
15.4± 1.2 a
42.5± 2.6 b
MDI
34.9± 1.2 b
14.5± 1.1 a
49.4± 1.9 a
CI: conventional irrigation; SDI: slight deficit irrigation; MDI: moderate deficit irrigation. Comparing water treatments within a cultivar, values within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. CI: 常规滴灌量处理; SDI: 轻度水分亏缺处理; MDI: 中度水分亏缺处理。同一列相同品种不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上水分处理间差异显著。
表2 不同滴灌量下棉花非叶绿色器官光合能力对铃重的相对贡献率 Table 2 Contribution of non-leaf organs to boll weight in cotton as affected by different water supplies (%)
4 结论棉花生长后期, 随着水分亏缺程度的增加, 棉铃(铃壳和苞叶)和茎秆对铃重的相对贡献率增大。在生育后期叶片开始衰老时, 其光合能力迅速下降, 非叶绿色器官的光合作用对棉花产量的贡献增加, 尤其在水分亏缺条件下非叶绿色器官的光合功能期延长, 对棉铃的贡献增加。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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