关键词:杂交中稻; 开花期; 耐高温指数; 库源结构; 开花习性 Effects of High Temperature during Flowering Period on Seed Setting Rate and Its Relationship with Sink to Source Ratios and Flowering Habit of Mid-season Hybrid Rice XU Fu-Xian1,2,*, ZHANG Lin1,2,*, XIONG Hong1,2, ZHU Yong-Chuan1, LIU Mao1, JIANG Peng1, GUO Xiao-Yi1 1 Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Deyang 618000, China
2 Luzhou Branch of National Rice Improvement Center, Luzhou 646100, China
AbstractFrom 2011 to 2013, under the condition of high temperature injury during heading stage designed by applying different sowing dates in the field and controlling the temperature in intelligent artificial climate chamber, the relationship high temperature resistance index (HTRI) with sink to source ratio and flowering habit in mid-season hybrid rice was studied with 50 hybrid combinations as tested materials. By using variance, correlation and regression analyses, the results showed that there were significant differences in HTRI among hybrid combinations. Ten of the combinations were tested to show a higher levels of seed setting rate and HIRI during flowering stage, including Mianxiangyou 576, Rongdaoyou 415, Xianglüyou 727, Mianyou 5240, Chuanguyou 202, Chuanyou 6203, Gangyou 169, Neixiangyou 5828, Chuanguyou 7329, and Jiangyou 126. There existed a significant relation between HTRI and carbohydrate supply level during flowering stage. The smaller the number of effective panicles of hybrid combinations was, the higher the spikelets per panicle and grain-leaf ratio would be, namely, the less the occupancy of photosynthetic source per spikelets would be. As a consequence, significantly negative correlation were observed between HTRI and grain-leaf ratio during flowering stage. The flowering ratio from 9:30 to 11:00 and chlorophyll content of leaf had a significantly positive correlation with HTRI respectively. Choosing the hybrid combinations with a larger number of effective panicles and early intensive anthesis and raising the level of chlorophyll content of leaf are the vital ways to enhance HTRI during heading stage.
Keyword:Mid-season hybrid rice; Flowering stage; High temperature resistance index; Sink to source ratio; Flowering habit Show Figures Show Figures
表1 30个杂交组合不同播期下抽穗期的温度状况与结实率(2011) Table 1 Temperature and seed setting rate at heading stage of 30 hybrid combinations with different sowing dates (2011)
播种期 Sowing date (month/day)
齐穗期 Heading date (month/day)
抽穗期 日最低温均值DMLT (℃)
抽穗期 日最高温均值 DMHT (℃)
抽穗期日 日平均温均值 DMMT (℃)
平均结实率 MSSR (%)
3/5
7/4-7/16
22.4
30.1
25.4
81.3a
4/5
7/23-8/2
24.2
33.6
28.2
78.3 a
4/20
7/25-8/4
24.2
32.5
27.5
78.2 a
6/1
8/21-8/30
25.3
35.2
29.1
63.9 b
6/25
9/8-9/25
20.7
26.8
23.0
43.8 c
DMLT: daily mean of the lowest temperature at heading stage; DMHT: daily mean of the highest temperature at heading stage; DMMT: daily mean of the mean temperature at heading stage; MSSR: mean seed setting rate. Values within column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. 同一列中数据后跟不同字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。
表1 30个杂交组合不同播期下抽穗期的温度状况与结实率(2011) Table 1 Temperature and seed setting rate at heading stage of 30 hybrid combinations with different sowing dates (2011)
表2 Table 2 表2(Table 2)
表2 30个杂交组合抽穗期的高温状况及耐高温指数(2011) Table 2 High temperature at heading stage and high temperature resistance index of 30 hybrid combinations (2011)
杂交组合 Hybrid combination
始穗期 BH (M/D)
齐穗期 FH (M/D)
抽穗期HS (始穗-齐穗后3 d)
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
耐高温 指数 HTRI (%)
MTD (℃)
HTD (℃)
LTD (℃)
高温期 HTS
常温期 NTS
G优802 G you 802
8/25
8/29
29.1
36.5
23.4
36.8 l
74.7 h
49.3 m
绵香优576 Mianxiangyou 576
8/21
8/25
29.4
35.3
24.7
72.9 bc
83.1 bcdef
87.7 bcd
蓉18优188 Rong 18 you 188
8/20
8/24
30.1
35.9
25.5
63.6 fgh
78.7 defgh
80.8 defgh
宜香优7808 Yixiangyou 7808
8/23
8/27
28.6
35.0
23.5
55.1 ij
76.8 efgh
71.8 jk
宜香优2079 Yixiangyou 2079
8/24
8/27
28.2
35.0
23.1
54.9 ij
81.4 bcdefgh
67.4 kl
D优6511 D you 6511
8/25
8/29
29.1
36.5
23.4
63.9 efgh
84.7 abcd
75.5 ij
内2优6号 Nei 2 you 6
8/24
8/28
28.5
35.5
23.4
59.2 gh
75.6 gh
78.3 fghij
川香优858 Chuanxiangyou 858
8/25
8/28
29.2
34.9
24.8
70.9 bcde
79.4 defgh
89.3 abc
川香优3203 Chuanxiangyou 3203
8/25
8/29
29.1
36.5
23.4
60.9 fgh
79.8 cdefgh
76.3 ghij
内5优39 Nei 5 you 39
8/21
8/25
29.4
35.3
24.7
77.0 ab
90.7 a
84.9 bcdef
蓉稻优415 Rongdaoyou 415
8/22
8/25
29.3
35.3
24.6
72.6 bcd
82.5 bcdefg
87.9 bcd
宜香优2168 Yixiangyou 2168
8/20
8/24
30.1
35.9
25.5
62.3 fgh
81.5 bcdefgh
76.4 ghij
泰优99 Taiyou 99
8/25
8/29
29.1
36.5
23.4
72.1 bcd
78.4 defgh
91.9 ab
内5优317 Nei 5 you 317
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
65.5 defg
83.5 bcde
78.5 fghij
川作6优177 Chuanzuo 6 you 177
8/19
8/23
30.9
36.8
26.3
67.7 cdef
81.0 bcdefgh
83.6 defgh
内香优18 Neixiangyou 18
8/25
8/29
29.1
36.5
23.4
48.2 k
77.0 efgh
62.5 l
香绿优727 Xianglü you 727
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
72.5 bcd
81.1 bcdefgh
89.4 abc
宜香优4245 Yixiangyou 4245
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
66.4 cdefg
76.8 efgh
86.4 bcde
内香优8156 Neixiangyou 8156
8/20
8/24
30.1
35.9
25.5
76.0 ab
91.0 a
83.6 cdefgh
冈香优707 Gangxiangyou 707
8/19
8/23
30.3
36.1
25.8
48.0 k
87.6 ab
54.84m
绵优5240 Mianyou 5240
8/20
8/24
30.1
35.9
25.5
76.8 ab
84.7 abcd
90.7 abc
内香优2128 Neixiangyou 2128
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
63.8 efgh
76.1 fgh
83.8 cdefg
内香优2550 Neixiangyou 2550
8/22
8/27
29.1
35.5
24.1
68.1 cdef
75.7 gh
90.0 abc
内5优5399 Nei 5 you 5399
8/20
8/24
30.1
35.9
25.5
61.6 fgh
82.0 bcdefg
75.1 ij
宜香优7633 Yixiangyou 7633
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
51.8 jk
78.8 defgh
65.7 kl
宜香优4106 Yixiangyou 4106
8/22
8/25
28.8
34.8
24.0
59.2 gh
77.6 defgh
76.3 ghij
川谷优202 Chuanguyou 202
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
80.2 a
83.3 bcdef
96.4 a
乐丰优329 Lefengyou 329
8/22
8/26
28.9
35.1
24.0
66.4 cdefg
87.5 ab
75.9 hij
宜香优1108 Yixiangyou 1108
8/20
8/24
30.1
35.9
25.5
65.4 defg
82.0 bcdefg
79.8 efgh
川香优727 Chuanxiangyou 727
8/23
8/26
29.5
35.3
24.9
57.5 hij
86.8 abc
66.2 kl
F值 F-value
20.6* *
4.4* *
22.6* *
BH: heading beginning; FH: full heading; HS: heading stage (from BH to 3 days after FH); MTD: mean daily temperature; HTD: the highest daily temperature; LTD: the lowest daily temperature; HTS: high temperature stage; HTRI: high temperature resistance index; NTS: normal temperature stage. Values within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. 同一列中数据后跟不同字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。
表2 30个杂交组合抽穗期的高温状况及耐高温指数(2011) Table 2 High temperature at heading stage and high temperature resistance index of 30 hybrid combinations (2011)
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 30个杂交组合常温下抽穗期库源性状与耐高温指数的关系(2011) Table 3 Relationship between the sink-source characteristic and high temperature resistance index during heading stage at normal temperature in 30 hybrid combinations (2011)
性状 Characteristic
最小值 Min.
最大值 Max.
平均值 Mean
CV (%)
F值 F-value
与耐高温指数的r rwith HTRI
最高苗Maximum tillers (× 104 hm-2)
x1
284.40
385.55
347.13
7.51
6.52* *
0.37*
有效穗 Effective panicles (× 104 hm-2)
x2
180.90
258.15
230.95
8.22
2.67* *
0.39*
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle
x3
134.93
220.83
172.95
11.67
3.41* *
-0.40*
结实率Seed setting percentage (%)
x4
74.66
90.96
81.48
5.45
4.37* *
0.07
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
x5
26.82
32.24
29.76
4.43
40.48* *
0.20
总颖花量 Total spikelets (× 104 m-2)
x6
3.35
4.25
3.78
6.61
3.59* *
-0.13
LAI
x7
5.04
8.19
6.16
12.45
18.02* *
0.27
粒叶比 Grain-leaf ratio (spikelets cm-2)
x8
0.47
0.78
0.63
13.61
2.06* *
-0.45*
HTRI: high temperature resistance index. * Significant at the 0.05 probability level. * * Significant at the 0.01 probability level.
表3 30个杂交组合常温下抽穗期库源性状与耐高温指数的关系(2011) Table 3 Relationship between the sink-source characteristic and high temperature resistance index during heading stage at normal temperature in 30 hybrid combinations (2011)
表4 Table 4 表4(Table 4)
表4 抽穗期耐高温指数(y)与植株性状(x或z)的多元回归分析 Table 4 Multiple regression analysis between high temperature resistance index (y) at heading stage and characteristic of above ground plants (x or z)
年度 Year
回归方程 Regression equation
R2
F值 F-value
偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient
t检验值 t-test value
显著水平 Significance level
2011
y = 94.06 + 0.19x2 + 13.80x6 - 6.14x7 - 117.70x8
0.58
6.85* *
r(y, x2)= 0.37*
1.99
0.05
r(y, x6)= 0.29
1.54
0.14
r(y, x7)= -0.29
1.51
0.14
r(y, x8)= -0.49* *
2.75
0.01
2013
y = 82.40 + 0.47z2 - 0.06z6 - 7.07z8
0.70
12.41* *
r(y, z2)= 0.73* *
4.23
0
r(y, z6)= -0.48*
2.19
0.04
r(y, z8)= -0.39
1.66
0.11
表4 抽穗期耐高温指数(y)与植株性状(x或z)的多元回归分析 Table 4 Multiple regression analysis between high temperature resistance index (y) at heading stage and characteristic of above ground plants (x or z)
图3 抽穗期耐高温指数与粒叶比关系Fig. 3 Relationship between high temperature resistance index (HTRI) and grain-leaf ratio at heading stage
表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 抽穗期间温度状况(2013) Table 5 Temperature during heading stage (2013) (℃)
日期Date (month/day)
天气 Weather
时间Time
7:30
8:30
9:30
10:30
11:30
12:30
13:30
14:30
15:30
7/12
晴Sunny
26.7
28.9
31.7
32.4
33.1
34.1
35.5
36.3
36.0
7/13
晴Sunny
26.4
28.6
31.3
32.1
32.0
33.0
34.5
36.0
35.5
7/14
晴Sunny
28.1
30.2
32.0
34.2
34.3
35.6
36.5
37.7
36.5
7/15
晴Sunny
28.5
30.4
32.6
34.3
34.5
35.5
36.0
36.3
35.5
表5 抽穗期间温度状况(2013) Table 5 Temperature during heading stage (2013) (℃)
表6 Table 6 表6(Table 6)
表6 20个杂交组合常温下抽穗期库源性状与耐高温指数的关系(2013) Table 6 Relationship between the sink-source characteristic and high temperature resistance index during heading stage under normal temperature in 20 hybrid combinations (2013)
性状 Characteristic
最小值 Min.
最大值 Max.
平均值 Mean
CV (%)
F值 F-value
与耐高温指数的r rwith HTRI
结实率 SSP (%)
高温HT
66.0
87.8
79.3
7.4
6.1* *
常温NT
79.2
89.6
83.8
3.6
5.6* *
耐高温指数HTRI (%)
83.2
98.8
94.6
4.7
4.9* *
各时段开花占 总数的比例 The proportion of blossom (%)
Before 9:30
z1
0
6.2
2.5
72.9
9.4* *
-0.33
9:30-11:00
z2
66.0
90.1
81.5
7.2
10.6* *
0.76* *
11:00-12:30
z3
8.5
32.8
16.1
36.0
8.2* *
-0.71* *
After 12:30
z4
0
2.7
0.4
165.5
3.5* *
-0.44
粒叶比 GLR (spikelets cm-2)
z5
0.5
0.8
0.63
16.3
2.2*
-0.69* *
穗粒数 SPP
z6
174.7
250.7
211.6
11.1
23.3* *
-0.51*
干物重 DW (g stem-1)
z7
3.3
5.3
4.5
13.0
8.2* *
-0.03
SPAD value
z8
37.1
43.0
39.6
3.8
3.0* *
-0.09
SSP: seed setting percentage; GLR: grain-leaf ratio; SPP: spikelets per panicle; DW: dry weight. HTRI: high temperature resistance index. * Significant at the 0.05 probability level.* * Significant at the 0.01 probability level.
表6 20个杂交组合常温下抽穗期库源性状与耐高温指数的关系(2013) Table 6 Relationship between the sink-source characteristic and high temperature resistance index during heading stage under normal temperature in 20 hybrid combinations (2013)
表7 不同剪叶程度在高温下的结实率比较(2012, 绵优5240) Table 7 Comparison of seed setting percentage under high temperature and different cutting leaf areas (2012, Mianyou 5240)
剪叶面积 CLA (%)
高温结实率 SPHT (%)
常温结实率 SPNT (%)
耐高温指数 HTRI (%)
0
51.2 a
87.4 a
58.6 a
25
32.7 b
81.8 b
39.9 b
33
24.9 c
70.2 c
35.5 c
50
11.4 d
64.8 d
17.5 d
75
0 e
51.5 e
0 e
(与剪叶面积的r r with CLA)
(-0.99* * )
(-0.98* * )
(-0.99* * )
CLA: cutting leaf area, SPHT: seed setting percentage in high temperature, SPNT: seed setting percentage in normal temperature, HTRI: high temperature resistance index. Values within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. * * Significant at the 0.01 probability level. 同一列中数据后跟不同字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。
表7 不同剪叶程度在高温下的结实率比较(2012, 绵优5240) Table 7 Comparison of seed setting percentage under high temperature and different cutting leaf areas (2012, Mianyou 5240)
表8 Table 8 表8(Table 8)
表8 不同施氮量在高温下的结实率比较(2013, 冈优169) Table 8 Comparison of seed setting percentage under high temperature and different nitrogen application rates (2013, Gangyou 169)
项目 Item
施氮量 NAR (g pot-1)
粒叶比 Grain-leaf ratio (spikelets cm-2)
SPAD value
高温结实率 SPHT (%)
常温结实率 SPNT (%)
耐高温指数 HTRI (%)
0
0.62 a
32.0 c
35.2 d
79.9 a
44.1 d
0.5
0.61 a
32.0 c
37.0 cd
80.2 a
46.1 cd
1.0
0.57 bc
33.5 b
37.6 cd
81.1 a
46.4 cd
1.5
0.56 c
33.5 b
38.9 c
79.5 a
49.0 c
2.0
0.50 d
34.1 a
45.3 b
80.6 a
56.2 b
2.5
0.46 e
34.8 a
49.8 a
79.2 a
62.9 a
与SPAD值的r r with SV
0.96* *
-0.96* *
—
0.88*
-0.19
0.87*
与粒叶比的r r with GLR
-0.97* *
—
-0.96* *
-0.98* *
0.28
-0.97* *
NAR: nitrogen application rate; SPHT: seed setting percentage in high temperature; SPNT: seed setting percentage in normal temperature; HTRI: high temperature resistance index. Values within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. * * Significant at the 0.01 probability level. 同一列中数据后跟不同字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。
表8 不同施氮量在高温下的结实率比较(2013, 冈优169) Table 8 Comparison of seed setting percentage under high temperature and different nitrogen application rates (2013, Gangyou 169)
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, 张林
表1 30个杂交组合不同播期下抽穗期的温度状况与结实率(2011) Table 1 Temperature and seed setting rate at heading stage of 30 hybrid combinations with different sowing dates (2011)
