摘要:川南高温伏旱区杂交中稻因高温逼熟，产量低且稻米品质较差。杂交中稻蓄留再生稻是充分利用秋季温光资源提高稻谷产量和改善品质的重要途径。以2015—2016年审定的12个杂交中稻新品种为材料，分别在川南有一定生态代表性的隆昌、江安、富顺、宜宾4个地点采取统一的栽培技术方案，研究了杂交中稻品种与环境对头季稻及其再生稻产量与头季稻米品质的影响。结果表明，4个地点间的头季稻产量、再生稻产量和两季总产量差异达极显著水平。12个水稻品种的头季稻产量、再生稻产量均达极显著差异，而两季总产量间差异则不显著。其中有7个品种（‘创两优华占’‘内5优907’‘宜香4245’‘泸香优104’‘花优357’‘内6A/绵恢138’‘隆两优1813’）两季产量在11 000 kg·hm-2以上。6个稻米品质性状在4个地点间的差异除胶稠度不显著外，其余5个性状均达极显著水平，以宜宾和江安2个点的米质稍好。12个水稻品种在4个地点间的品质差异均达极显著水平，综合考虑总体米质相对较好的为‘创两优华占’‘隆两优1813’两个品种。再生稻产量和头季稻产量间呈显著负相关关系，头季稻产量与整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度相关不显著。说明川南特定生态下需要改良的整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度3个米质性状与高产并没有明显矛盾，长宽比大的品种有利于降低垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量，提高胶稠度。
关键词:高温伏旱/
杂交中稻/
再生稻/
产量/
品质
Abstract:Due to high temperature forced ripening, the yield of hybrid mid-season rice is low and rice quality is poor in the high temperature and drought-prone areas of south Sichuan. Therefore, it is important to make full use of the autumn temperature and light resources to improve grain yield and the quality of ratooning rice. A total of 12 new hybrid mid-season rice varieties, approved between 2015 and 2016, were used as materials to study the effects of environment on the yield and quality of main crop and ratoon in Longchang, Jiangan, Fushun, and Yibin, which are ecologically representative sites in southern Sichuan, China. The results showed that the difference in the main crop, ratooning rice, and total yields of two seasons among four sites was extremely significant. The main crop and ratooning rice yields of 12 rice varieties were significantly different, but the difference in total yields was not significant. There were 7 varieties ('Chuangliangyouhuazhan' 'Nei5you 907' 'Yixiang 4245' 'Luxiangyou 104' 'Huayou 357' 'Nei6A/Mianhui 138', and 'Longliangyou 1813') with more than 11 000 kg·hm-2 yield over two seasons. There were no significant differences in gelatinization consistency of 6 rice varieties, but the other five traits were very significantly different among four sites. The rice quality in Yibin and Jiang'an were slightly better than in other two sites. The quality differences among 12 rice varieties and four sites were very significant, and the overall rice quality was relatively good for 'Chuangliangyou Huazhan' and 'Longliangyou 1813' varieties. There was a significant negative correlation between ratooning rice yield and main crop yield. However, there were no significant correlations between main crop yield and head milled rice rate, chalky rice rate, and chalkiness. The results showed that there was no obvious contradiction between high yields and three quality characters (milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, and chalkiness degree), indicating that improving the three quality characters under specific ecological conditions in southern Sichuan does not impeded rice yield increase. Varieties with a large grain length-width ratio had a reduced chalky grain rate, chalky degree, and amylose content, but an increased gel consistency.
Key words:High temperature and drought/
Hybrid mid-season rice/
Ratooning rice/
Yield/
Quality
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