摘要:越冬冻害是中国北方地区的主要气象灾害之一，严重影响着西北内陆埋土防寒区酿酒葡萄产业的可持续发展。葡萄不同部位抗寒能力具有差异，主要受品种遗传性状差异及各部位特性影响。本文基于差热分析技术对不同品种酿酒葡萄不同部位抗寒性进行测定，为葡萄越冬冻害的防御工作提供理论依据。本研究以贺兰山东麓主栽的4种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’‘西拉’和‘北玫’的主根、副根和枝条为试材，在模拟自然降温冷冻过程中测定其过冷却点、结冰点、相对电导率和枝条含水率，并应用模糊隶属函数法综合评价4个品种酿酒葡萄根系的抗寒能力。研究结果表明：1）不同品种间的抗寒能力有显著差异，且不同品种根系、枝条抗寒能力趋势表现较为一致，4个品种抗寒能力大小顺序为：‘北玫’ > ‘赤霞珠’ >‘美乐’ > ‘西拉’。2）半致死温度与根系过冷却点呈显著性相关，结合半致死温度确定供试品种根系的过冷却点温度范围为-5.2~-2.7℃，可作为4个酿酒葡萄品种根系越冬冻害的温度参考指标。供试品种各部位中枝条抗寒能力最强，主根次之，副根最弱，且主根抗寒能力显著大于副根。研究结果对于酿酒葡萄越冬冻害监测、预警和防御能力具有重要意义，也为酿酒葡萄抗寒性育种、优良品种的推广应用提供理论参考。
关键词:酿酒葡萄/
抗寒性综合评价/
过冷却点/
半致死温度/
根系/
差热分析
Abstract:Freezing injury is one of the main meteorological disasters for grapes in northern China, and it seriously affects the growth and quality of wine grapes, which are soil-buried for winter protection in the northwest inland zones, and restricts the sustainable development of grapevine and the wine industry. The cold resistance of different parts of wine grape varies with the genetic characters of the grape varieties. In this paper, the cold resistance capacity of different parts of wine grape were measured using different thermal analysis (DTA) technologies to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and mitigation of the winter freezing injury of grape. The physiological response indexes (supercooling point, freezing point, relative conductivity, and water content of branches) of four common varieties of wine grapes, namely, 'Cabernet Sauvignon' 'Merlot' 'Syrah, ' and 'Beimei', were measured by simulating the natural freezing schedule. Based on the fuzzy subordination function, the cold resistance capabilities of four wine grape varieties roots were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that: 1) there were significant differences in cold resistance among different varieties, but the trend cold resistance of root and branch of the four varieties were identical. The order of cold resistance of the four varieties was: 'Beimei' > 'Cabernet Sauvignon' > 'Merlot' > 'Syrah'. 2) There was a significant correlation between the semi-lethal temperature and the supercooling point of the root system. Combined with the semi-lethal temperature, the temperature range of the supercooling points of the tested varieties roots was -5.2~-2.7 ℃, which could be used as the temperature reference index of the root system of four wine grape varieties. In all parts of the tested varieties, the cold resistance of branch was the strongest, the taproot was the second, the secondary root was the weakest, and the cold resistance capacity of the taproots was significantly better than that of the accessory roots. The results of this study are of significance to the monitoring, early warning, and improving the ability of wine grapes to resist overwintering freezing damage and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of cold resistance ability in wine grape and the popularization and application of excellent varieties.
Key words:Wine grape/
Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance/
Supercooling point/
Semi-lethal temperature (LT50)/
Root/
Different thermal analysis
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