摘要:我国北方水资源短缺限制着农业的可持续发展。作物起垄覆膜栽培可以显著提高产量及水分利用效率。本文从起垄覆膜栽培技术的发展与现状、对几种主要作物的增产效果及其原因、未来发展等几个方面进行了综述，期望为推动起垄覆膜技术的进一步发展、缓解北方水资源紧缺提供指导。作物起垄覆膜栽培是垄作与薄膜覆盖的有机结合，是将地面修整成垄台、地膜覆盖于垄台之上，在双垄之间或双垄之上种植作物的一种栽培方式。其增产原因主要包括：1）提高土壤水的有效性。地膜覆盖抑制地表蒸发，通过集雨、水汽凝结提高土壤含水量。2）调节地温。垄作覆膜能够提高土壤温度，尤其是作物苗期的土壤温度，增加出苗率、成苗率，促进作物生长发育；提高昼夜温差，降低高温期地温，有利于作物产量的提高。3）改善土壤理化性质，改善土壤结构，调整土壤酶的活性，为作物生长提供良好的土壤环境。起垄覆膜栽培模式在华北地区未来发展方向：提高农机配套、新型无害地膜应用、构建不同作物技术规程。
关键词:起垄覆膜栽培/
作物产量/
水分利用/
增温保湿/
技术规程
Abstract:The shortage of water resources in northern China limits the sustainable development of agriculture. The crop cultivation technique of ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching can significantly increase the yield and water-use efficiency. This paper reviewed the development and current situation of technology of ridge-furrow cultivation with plastic film mulching, discussed its effects on the yield of several major crops and its mechanisms, and proposed the future development. It was expected to promote the further development of the technology and provide reference for the relevant researches. In the technique of ridge-furrow cultivation with plastic film mulching, a ridge is created, then covered with plastic film; crops are planted between the ridges. The advantages of this technique promote its application, which are:1) it improves the effectiveness of soil water. Film mulching over the ridge inhibits surface evaporation and increases soil water content by collecting rain water and condensation of soil water. 2) It regulates the ground temperature. Ridge mulching increases soil temperature, especially at the crop seedling stage, increasing emergence and seedling rates; it also decreases soil temperature during high temperature period, promoting crop growth and development. 3) It improves soil physical and chemical properties, improves soil structure, adjusts soil enzyme activity, and provides a good soil environment for crop growth. However, the mulching film cultivation mode also has certain deficiencies:1) the development and promotion of the ridge laminating machine is relatively backward. 2) Mulch film creates pollution; this is becoming an increasingly serious problem, and it is laborious to reverse. 3) The technical specifications of ridge mulching technology lack specific standards. The future development directions of the ridge-furrow cultivation with plastic film mulching mode in North China are as follows:1) improving the agricultural machinery needed to implement this technique; 2) applying a new harmless film; and 3) constructing different crop technical regulations. An in-depth study of the basis of high-efficiency water-saving agricultural cultivation techniques, further research and development of new technologies for agricultural planting methods, and full use of water resources are all necessary for the future.
Key words:Ridge-furrow cultivation with plastic film mulching/
Crop yield/
Water use/
Warming and moisturizing/
Technical regulation
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