摘要:长江中下游地区是我国水稻生产的重要基地，在保障我国粮食安全中占有重要地位，但该地区农田可持续性不高，稻田冬季利用率较低。本研究通过探讨不同冬季种植模式对土壤质量的影响，为冬闲田合理开发利用，提高稻田可持续性提供理论依据。设置5种冬种模式，分别为冬季休闲、冬种紫云英、冬种油菜、冬种大蒜和冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式，通过测定不同土层土壤养分、土壤有机碳、活性有机碳和微生物生物量碳等，进一步分析不同冬种模式的土壤碳库管理指数及其综合效应。结果表明，在0~30 cm稻田土壤，与冬闲处理相比，不同冬季种植模式土壤有机碳提高6.12%~7.17%、活性有机碳提高13.56%~20.76%、微生物生物量碳提高0.13%~14.34%、可溶性有机碳提高3.49%~19.15%，土壤活性有机碳有效率提高6.74%~17.20%，冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式能显著促进稻田土壤总有机碳及可溶性有机碳的积累；不同冬种模式提高了稻田土壤碳库活度指数和碳库指数，并且土壤碳库管理指数增加14.37%~27.29%。土壤有机碳与活性有机碳呈极显著相关（P < 0.01），土壤碳库管理指数与总有机碳呈显著相关（P < 0.05）、与活性有机碳间存在极显著（P < 0.01）的相关性。对土壤碳库管理指数影响因素的灰色关联度综合分析表明，冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式排名第1。可见，不同冬季种植模式能增加土壤有机碳含量和提高土壤碳库管理指数，冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式的综合评价最好，其次为冬种大蒜模式。
关键词:稻田/
冬种模式/
土壤质量/
活性有机碳/
碳库管理指数/
灰色关联法
Abstract:The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region is an important base for rice production in China, which plays an important role in ensuring China's food security. However, the utilization rate of paddy field resources in winter was not high in this area. In this study, the effects of different winter planting patterns on soil quality were discussed, which would contribute to the rational development and utilization of winter fallow fields and provide theoretical basis for improving the sustainability of paddy fields. Five winter cropping modes were set up, including winter fallow, winter Chinese vetch, winter rape, winter garlic and winter rotation (potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape). Soil carbon pool management index and comprehensive evaluation of different winter cropping modes were further analyzed by measuring nutrients, organic carbon, active organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in different soil layers. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon and active organic carbon in different winter planting patterns were increased to a certain extent in the depth of 0-30 cm paddy field, compared with those in winter fallow treatment. Among them, soil organic carbon increased by 6.12%-7.17%, active organic carbon increased by 13.56%-20.76%, microbial biomass carbon increased by 0.13%-14.34%, soluble organic carbon increased by 3.49%-19.15%, and soil active organic carbon efficiency increased by 6.74%-17.20%. Winter rotation (potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) could significantly promote the accumulation of total organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in paddy soil. Different winter patterns increased soil carbon pool activity index and carbon pool index, and soil carbon pool management index increased by 14.37%-27.29%. Soil organic carbon was significantly correlated with active organic carbon (P < 0.01); soil carbon pool management index was significantly correlated with total organic carbon (P < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between soil organic carbon and active organic carbon (P < 0.01). It can be seen that different winter planting patterns can increase soil organic carbon content and improve soil carbon pool management index. The winter rotation (potato, Chinese milk vetch, rape) pattern has the best comprehensive effect, followed by winter garlic planting pattern.
Key words:Paddy field/
Winter planting patterns/
Soil quality/
Active organic carbon/
Carbon management index/
Grey association method
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