摘要:环境友好型农业顺应了当前农业绿色发展的迫切需要，但现有针对环境友好型农业的研究缺乏从生产效率提升角度展开分析。四川是我国的农业大省，针对四川省环境友好型农业生产效率及其影响因素进行定量分析，可为四川省环境友好型农业发展提供科学依据，丰富基于生产效率视角下的环境友好型农业研究。本文基于2006-2016年四川省21个市州面板数据，运用超效率DEA方法对四川省环境友好型农业生产效率进行测算，并基于STIRPAT理论模型，构建环境友好型农业生产效率影响因素分析的理论模型，采用空间杜宾模型进行实证分析。结果表明：2006-2016年四川省环境友好型农业生产效率保持先降后升的态势，自2006年的0.708降至2009年的0.667，而后逐渐升高到2016年的0.805；四川省环境友好型农业生产效率11年间的均值为0.705，总体水平较低且各地区存在显著差异，雅安市和阿坝州环境友好型农业生产效率均值最高（0.981），广元市最低（0.458）；泸州市、绵阳市、乐山市、宜宾市、广安市、巴中市、南充市、眉山市和广元市的效率均值都低于0.6，导致这些地区生产效率较低的原因是化肥、农药和农膜使用等过量的投入，未来具有较大的提升空间。农业劳动生产率、粮食播种面积占农作物总播种面积比重对环境友好型农业生产效率具有显著的直接效应，影响系数分别为0.158和0.506，其中粮食所占比重的影响最大。人口密度、粮食播种面积占农作物总播种面积比重对环境友好型农业生产效率具有显著的间接效应，影响系数分别为0.988和1.366。邻近地区人口密度在地区间具有溢出效应，从而对本地区有限的农业资源形成竞争，导致间接效应为负；邻近地区种植结构的变化同向影响着本地区种植结构的调整，导致种植结构的间接效应为负。鉴于四川省各地区环境友好型农业生产效率不仅存在显著差异，而且地区间具有空间溢出效应，因此四川省各地区在进行环境友好型农业发展政策的制定时，既需要关注地区内部因素的直接影响，也需要考虑地区间影响因素的相互作用。
关键词:环境友好型农业/
农业生产效率/
超效率DEA模型/
STIRPAT模型/
空间杜宾模型
Abstract:Environmentally-friendly agriculture complies with the current urgent need for green agricultural development. However, the existing research into environmentally-friendly agriculture lacks analysis on productivity improvement. Sichuan is a major agricultural province of China. A quantitative analysis on the efficiency of Sichuan's environmentally-friendly agricultural production and its influencing factors may provide a scientific basis for the development of environmentally-friendly agriculture in Sichuan. This will also enrich the knowledge about environmentally-friendly agriculture from the perspective of production efficiency. Based on panel data from 21 regions in Sichuan Province from 2006 to 2016, Super-Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (SE-DEA) models were applied to measure the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture. A theoretical model for the factors influencing the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture was established and a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) was used for empirical analysis based on the STIRPAT theoretical model. The results showed that the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture in Sichuan Province first decreased and then increased between 2006 and 2016. It decreased from 0.708 in 2006 to 0.667 in 2009, then gradually increasing to 0.805 in 2016. The average efficiency of environmentally-friendly agricultural production in Sichuan during these 11 years was 0.705. The overall level was low and significant differences existed in each region. The highest average production efficiency in Ya'an and Aba reached 0.981, while the minimum in Guangyuan was 0.458. Meanwhile, the average production efficiency, in areas such as Luzhou, Mianyang, Leshan, Yibin, Guang'an, Bazhong, Nanchong, Meishan, and Guangyuan, was lower than 0.6, which was caused by the excessive input of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural films. The agricultural labor and proportion of grain-sown area in the total crop area had significant direct effects on the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture. The coefficients for these two factors were 0.158 and 0.506, respectively. The population density and proportion of grain-sown area in the total crop area had significant indirect effects on the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture. The coefficients for these factors were 0.988 and 1.366, respectively. Additionally, the population density in neighboring regions had spillover effects among regions, which created competition for the limited agricultural resources in this region, resulting in negative indirect effects. The changes of planting structures in neighboring regions affected the adjustment of the planting structure in this region, resulting in negative indirect effects. Because that there were not only significant differences in the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture in each region of Sichuan, but also spatial spillover effects among the regions, the direct effects of regional internal factors and interactive effects of the factors among the regions should be considered during the formulation of environmentally-friendly agricultural development policies in various regions of Sichuan Province.
Key words:Environment-friendly agriculture/
Agricultural production efficiency/
Super-Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (SE-DEA) model/
STIRPAT model/
Spatial Durbin Model (SDM)
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