摘要:耕地质量优劣既取决于质量等别高低，又与空间分布特征密切相关。研究多层次的耕地质量内涵与空间结构性特征是加强耕地保护并合理配置土地资源的重要依据。本文以南方丘陵山地典型区域崇义县为例，运用Geoda、GS+等平台支持的空间自相关模型，探讨县级、乡镇级与村级空间尺度下耕地自然质量、利用质量与经济质量的空间相互作用和分布规律。结果表明：1）崇义县耕地质量存在显著相关性，耕地质量的Moran’s I值呈现自然质量（0.445）>经济质量（0.406）>利用质量（0.281）的特征；2）不同空间尺度下耕地质量具有多样的空间尺度效应，随着空间尺度缩小，自然质量差异最大、经济质量次之、利用质量差异最小，大空间尺度弱化了耕地质量的空间聚集差异特征，村级尺度下耕地质量空间聚集效应最显著；3）耕地质量正相关HH（高-高）型和LL（低-低）型多以团状或带状集中分布，负相关HL（高-低）型和LH（低-高）型无明显分布规律。研究结果揭示了耕地自然质量、利用质量与经济质量对于尺度变化的响应规律，对于各级行政主体监测保护耕地及制定精准高效的耕地质量建设方案具有一定的现实意义。
关键词:耕地质量/
自然质量/
经济质量/
利用质量/
空间尺度效应/
空间聚集特征/
崇义县
Abstract:While the quality of cultivated lands is the primary basis for judging the productivity of land, the characteristics of the spatial distribution of land quality are critical for farmland research. Multi-scale study of cultivated land quality and spatial structural characteristics are inevitable in strengthening rational allocation of land resources for the protection of cultivated lands. The enrichment of scientific connotation of cultivated land quality should objectively reflect spatial distribution differences in natural quality, utilization quality and economic quality at different scales. Based on the First Law of Geography and specific characteristics of Chongyi County, typical hilly and mountain areas were selected and evaluated for cultivated land quality in a spatial autocorrelation model supported by platforms such as Geoda and GS+. The work discussed the spatial interactions and distributions of natural quality, utilization quality and economic quality of cultivated lands at county, township and village scales. The results show that:1) the natural quality of cultivated lands in Chongyi County was during grade 9-12 and the utilization quality during grade 6-9. There was a gradually increasing "northwest to southeast" trend with an economic quality of grade 7-10. There was a degree of spatial aggregation effect which was strongest when spatial distance was 4 500 m. The Moran's I value of cultivated land quality showed that natural quality (0.445) > economic quality (0.406) > utilization quality (0.281). The natural quality of cultivated land had the strongest positive spatial correlation with weakest degree of variation, while the utilization quality was weakest in spatial correlation and strongest in spatial variability. 2) The quality of cultivated lands showed different scale effects for different quality indexes. For the difference in spatial aggregation between township and county scales, the natural quality was largest, followed by economic quality and then utilization quality. Larger spatial scales weakened spatial aggregation, and spatial aggregation effect was most significant at village scale. 3) The spatial agglomeration type HH of cultivated land quality was mainly distributed in the southwest of county, LL distributed in Jinkeng Village and Zhukeng Village. The HH type of utilization quality was mainly distributed in the flat Longgous and Qianchang Townships, and LL type in deep mountain area where the elevation was higher and the cultivated land most dispersed. The HH type of economic concentrated in Guantian Town, Longqi Township and Shangbao Township where the terrain was relatively flat and the road access degree high. The LL type was distributed in a strip shape in relatively occluded area. The research results revealed that cultivated land quality had different spatial differentiation characteristics at different spatial scales and large spatial scale weakened the aggregation difference of cultivated land quality. The research had practical significance for monitoring and protection of cultivated lands at different spatial scales and more accurate management of arable land quality.
Key words:Cultivated land quality/
Natural quality/
Economic quality/
Utilization quality/
Spatial scale effects/
Spatial aggregation effect/
Chongyi County
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