摘要:分析石漠化与社会经济活动的关系及其动态变化，有利于石漠化状况的改善和治理。以往的驱动因子分析对社会经济因素的研究较少，本文以贵州省为研究区，以县域为研究单元，基于2000年和2011年两期石漠化影像，通过空间分析研究了贵州省2000— 2011年的石漠化动态变化，并从人口因素、社会发展状况和经济水平、农业生产活动、地形坡度和生态工程建设等5个方面选取23个影响因子，对石漠化的驱动力进行分析。结果表明：1）2000—2011年贵州省石漠化的治理工作取得了一定的成效，石漠化面积总体减少，但中度和重度石漠化面积呈增加趋势，轻度以上石漠化的治理任务还很艰巨；2）23个影响因子与石漠化呈现不同程度的正负相关关系；3）农业人口比重、农业总产值、人均粮食、人均耕地、耕地比重、15°~25°耕地（岩溶）比重和25°以上耕地（岩溶）比重均与石漠化呈显著正相关，其他因子均与石漠化呈显著负相关，其中农业活动对石漠化的影响最为显著，农业人口比重、农业总产值、人均耕地、15°~25°耕地比重、25°以上耕地比重、15°~25°岩溶比重和25°以上岩溶比重与石漠化的相关系数分别为0.473、0.425、0.291、0.288、0.430、0.338和0.334。研究社会经济活动对石漠化的影响可为石漠化治理提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:喀斯特地区/
石漠化/
时空变化/
驱动因子/
社会经济活动/
贵州省
Abstract:Rocky desertification is one of the most severe ecological problems in China. It has accelerated environmental degradation, caused frequent soil erosion and natural disasters, threatened people's living environment and restricted social and economic development. Analysis of the factors driving rocky desertification can be used to determine the factor that control rocky desertification and support strategies to combat the desertification. Studies have mainly focused on the geological background, geomorphological characteristics, meteorological factors, ecological restoration and governance projects. However, these studies have fallen quantification of the related social and economic activities. Thus there is the lack of a deep insight into the impact of the changes in regional rocky desertification and socio-economic activities. Using Guizhou Province as a case study area, this paper used GIS, remote sensing and statistical techniques (including Arcgis, Recognition Development and SPSS) to analyze the relationship between those neglected variables at county scale. Based on the 2000 and 2011 karst-rock desertification distribution maps, dynamic changes in rocky desertification in Guizhou Province in 2000-2011 were analyzed. The impact of social economic activities on rock desertification in karst area of the province was analyzed to lay theoretical basis for subsequent works on rocky desertification. The main conclusions of the study were as follows:1) one quarter of the karst area in Guizhou Province was still affected by rocky desertification in 2011, the control of which was still an arduous task. Based on spatial distribution, rocky desertification in Guizhou Province was relatively severe in the west and south of the study area and relatively mild in the east and north. The area of rocky karst desertification in Guizhou Province was on the whole improving. Different classes of rocky desertification were violently transformed into the other. Mild karst rocky desertification occurred in most of the area where there was improvement in rocky desertification, but the task of restoring light, moderate, severe and extremely severe rocky karst desertification was still very arduous. It also suggested that not only was attention needed to restore light, moderate, severe and extremely severe rocky karst desertification, but also to protect against potential areas of no rocky karst desertification. 2) The correlation analysis to determine the factors driving rocky desertification showed that multiple factors (including population factors, socio-economic development, agricultural production activities, terrain slope and ecological engineering construction) were critical in the evolution of rocky desertification in the region. Agricultural activities had the most significant effect on rocky desertification, including the proportion of agricultural population, total agricultural output, cultivated land area per cap., cultivated land proportion in 15°-25° slope, cultivated land proportion at > 25° slope, karst proportion at 15°-25° slope, karst proportion at > 25° slope. The correlation coefficients for these factors with rocky desertification were 0.473, 0.425, 0.291, 0.288, 0.430, 0.338 and 0.334, respectively. The study of the impact of socio-economic activities on rocky desertification provided the required expertise on the control of rocky desertification in the region.
Key words:Karst region/
Rocky desertification/
Space-time change/
Driving factor/
Socio-economic activity/
Guizhou Province
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