摘要:针对华北平原节水农业的方向，保障水资源和粮食及生态安全的目标，开展了高水分利用效率农业（简称高水效农业）微观和宏观等学科交叉研究。在微观研究方面，先后开展了小麦节水品种鉴定和选育、小麦水分高效利用生理遗传调控、相关基因克隆和功能及转基因、分子标记辅助选择育种研究，最近又向水分高效利用分子设计育种和基因编辑等新技术进军；选育出7个小麦品种，其中两个国审品种；出版代表性著作《小麦遗传学》和《作物抗旱节水的生理遗传育种基础》；获国家科技进步二等奖2项。在宏观研究方面，开展了旱地和高水效农业，水资源和粮食安全，作物适应气候变化，绿色农业，粮食丰产增效等研究；撰写了建设黄淮南片第二粮仓等重要咨询报告30多份，得到国家和地方政府采用和国家领导人批示；第二粮仓科技创新工程成为科技部2017年四大创新工程，中国科学院"十三五"重大突破项目；出版代表性著作《中国旱地和高水效农业的研究与发展》、《中国水资源和粮食安全与现代农业发展》、《应对气候变化与水资源高效利用以及粮食安全和绿色农业协同发展》和《中国第二粮仓发展战略与实践》等。在微观和宏观方面推动了我国高水效农业的深入发展，成为中国科学院在华北节水农业方面的一个特色学科领域。
关键词:旱地/
高水效农业/
小麦/
水分生理/
遗传育种/
气候变化/
粮丰工程/
绿色农业
Abstract:Since 2001, we aimed at the research of water-saving agriculture and water, food and ecological security in the North China Plain. Thus we conducted high-water use efficiency agriculture through interdisciplinary micro-and macro-research. In microscopic research which was successively carried out for wheat water-saving cultivar and breeding, wheat physiological and genetic control for water use efficiency, related gene cloning and function and transgenic technology were investigated. Also marker-assisted selection breeding research, recent technologies such as molecular design breeding and gene editing for water using efficiency were also conducted. Seven wheat varieties were selected, two of which were examined at the national level. Representative works like "wheat genetics", which was the foundation for physiological genetic breeding of drought and water-saving in crops won two second prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. With respect to macro research, we carried out researches on high-water efficiency agriculture in dry land, water resources and food security, wheat adaption to climate change, green agriculture to increase grain yield and efficiency. We put forward the construction of Huanghuai South Second Granary and more than thirty important consulting reports adopted by the national and local governments and leaders. The Second Granary engineering science and technology innovation became the four innovation projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in 2017, and the major breakthrough project of Chinese Academy of Sciences in the 13th Five-Year Science and Technology Plan. Representative works included research and development of high-water agriculture of dry-land in China; water resources, food security and modern agriculture development in China; crop response to climate change, efficient utilization of water resources and food security and coordinated of green agriculture development in China; development strategy and practice of the Second Granary in China. In the micro and macro aspects, our researches promoted detailed development of high-water efficient agriculture in China, and became a special subject area in Chinese Academy of Sciences for water-saving agriculture in North China.
Key words:Dry-land/
High-water efficient agriculture/
Wheat/
Water physiology/
Genetic and breeding/
Climate change/
Grain abundant engineering/
Green agriculture
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