摘要:黄泥田为福建省主要中低产田类型之一，约占水稻土面积的30%。为解析关键限制因子及开展黄泥田肥力质量评价，进而实施针对性的改良措施，采用配对采样方法，采集福建省20对典型黄泥田与邻近同一微地貌单元内高产灰泥田表层土壤，分析了两种土壤类型28项属性因子指标差异及其原因，并采用主成分分析等方法构建福建省黄泥田肥力质量评价因子最小数据集，通过加权指数法分别计算最小数据集土壤肥力质量指数与差异显著因子构成的重要数据集土壤肥力质量指数。结果表明，与灰泥田相比，黄泥田的有机质含量低19.1%，全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别低14.8%、29.9%和25.4%，碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别低17.8%、56.7%和39.3%，CEC、交换性钙、交换性镁含量分别低12.9%、50.6%和30.8%，有效铁、有效硼和有效锌含量分别低25.6%、33.3%和44.1%。黄泥田的物理性黏粒、 < 0.001 mm黏粒和容重分别较灰泥田高20.8%、25.6%和12.3%，而孔隙度低19.3%。黄泥田过氧化氢酶活性较灰泥田高20.4%，脲酶活性较灰泥田低40.4%。用主成分分析方法从上述19项有显著差异的因子构成的重要数据集中归纳出累计贡献率达76.22%并能反映黄泥田综合肥力特征的6个主成分，建立了由CEC、全钾、有效磷、有效硼和孔隙度5项因子组成的黄泥田肥力评价最小数据集，相应的黄泥田最小数据集土壤肥力质量指数仅相当于灰泥田的69.5%，通过与重要数据集的土壤肥力质量指数相关分析比较，最小数据集可代替重要数据集对福建省黄泥田土壤肥力质量进行正确评价。
Abstract:In modern agricultural production, the quality of soil fertility is crucial for the crop productivity.Yellow-mud paddy fields constitute one of the main types of medium-to-low yield fields in Fujian Province, which accounts for about 30% of paddy fields in the province.In order to determine key limiting factors, evaluate the quality of soil fertility and implement targeted improvement measures, 28 soil characteristics of 20 pairs of typical surface soil samples from yellow-mud paddy fields and high-yield grey-mud fields in the neighboring and the same landscape units in Fujian Province were compared.Differences in soil properties between the two soils and the causes were systematically analyzed and the minimum data set (MDS) for assessment of the quality of soil fertility in yellow-mud paddy fields established using principal component analysis and other methods.Using the weighted index method, the soil fertility quality index (SFQI) from MDS and the important data set (IDS) constituted on the basis of significantly different factors. The results showed that compared with grey-mud paddy fields, the content of organic matter in yellow-mud paddy fields was less by 19.1% and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were less respectively by 14.8%, 29.9% and 25.4%. Also the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were less respectively by 17.8%, 56.7% and 39.3%.CEC and the contents of exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium were less respectively by 12.9%, 50.6% and 30.8%. While the contents of available iron, available boron and available zinc were less respectively by 25.6%, 33.3% and 44.1%, the contents of clay < 0.001 mm and bulk density were higher by 20.8%, 25.6% and 12.3%, whereas the porosity was less by 19.3%. Compared with grey-mud paddy fields, the activity of catalase in yellow-mud paddy fields was higher by 20.4%, but the activity of urease was less by 40.4%.This indicated that compared with high-producing fields, yellow-mud paddy fields belonged to low-fertility and short-acting soils with insufficient soil organic matter, total nutrients and available nutrients, low contents of macro/micro elements, CEC, etc.The above 19 soil characteristics with significant differences between the two soils constituted the IDS.Six principal components, with cumulative contribution of 76.22%, were selected from IDS reflecting the synthetic fertility properties of yellow-mud paddy fields.The final established MDS composed of five factors, including CEC, total potassium, available phosphorus, available boron and porosity for fertility quality assessment according to the expert experience and correlation analysis.The calculated SFQI from MDS of yellow-mud paddy fields was equivalent to 69.5% of that of grey-mud paddy fields. Correlation analysis on SFQI for IDS and MDS indicated that MDS could replace IDS and correctly used to evaluate soil fertility quality of yellow-mud paddy fields.Moreover, MDS could also be used in studies on how to improve soil fertility.
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