摘要:土壤有机物质与土壤矿物质表面之间的相互作用普遍存在，有关土壤有机无机复合体形成理论的研究倍受关注，土壤有机质与矿物质结合的紧密程度直接关系到土壤碳库的稳定性，在环境科学与农业资源利用领域有重要意义。但关于土壤有机无机复合体形成机制还不完善，土壤宏观、介观及微观各尺度间的作用机制未能衔接。本文综述了土壤有机无机复合胶体的形成（形成学说、作用机制与影响因子）及此过程中离子的界面行为；系统地梳理了离子在土壤有机无机复合体形成中的作用机制；回顾了土壤有机无机组分相互作用的研究方法；最后强调了离子特异性效应在土壤有机无机复合体形成中的作用，特别是化合价相同的不同离子对土壤系统的性质与过程具有不同的影响。即离子电子层数和外层电子排布的微小差异在土壤表面附近的强电场中被放大，通过极化作用提高离子的有效电荷，增强离子所受的库仑作用力。离子的有效电荷数可以定量表征该土壤胶体复合过程中界面上离子作用的强弱程度。结论不断完善土壤有机无机复合体形成理论，为土壤培肥和污染土壤修复提供理论依据，对促进土壤有机无机复合体环境化学和微粒污染物迁移动力学的研究具有重要的科学意义与实践意义。
关键词:土壤有机无机复合体/
离子吸附/
离子键/
离子特异性效应/
土壤有机质
Abstract:Interactions between soil organic matter and mineral surfaces are ubiquitous. Research on soil organic-inorganic complexes has received much attention. The association of soil organic matter and mineral has been related to the stability of soil carbon pool directly, and this is of great significance to the environmental sciences and agricultural resource utilization. However, the mechanism of the formation of soil organic-inorganic complexes has far remained from perfect, and the link of interaction mechanism at the macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic scales of soil have not been reasonably explained. Therefore, this paper discussed the formation of organic-inorganic composite colloids (formation theory, action mechanism and influencing factors) and the interfacial behavior of ions in this process. It systematically combed the mechanism of ions in the formation of soil organic-inorganic complexes and recalled advanced technologies of studying the interaction between soil organic and inorganic components. Finally, the paper summarized the role of ion-specific effects on the formation of soil organic-inorganic complexes. In particular, different ions with the same valence had different effects on the properties and processes of soil systems. This meant that slight differences between the number and arrangement of the outer electrons were amplified in the strong electric field near the soil surface, which enhanced effective charge of ions and coulombic force on ions by polarization. The effective charge number of ions was used to quantify the strength of ion interaction at the interface during soil colloids association. The conclusions were that soil organic-inorganic complexes improved the complex formation theory of soil organic-inorganic aggregates, provided theoretical basis for soil fertility and bioremediation, promoted environmental chemistry regarding soil organic-inorganic complexes and advanced research on particulate pollutant migration dynamics.
Key words:Organic-inorganic complex of soil/
Ion adsorption/
Ionic bond/
Ion specificity effects/
Soil organic matter
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=4fe3185c-3623-45f8-a88b-5344e01cef1d
