摘要:长江流域是我国油菜生产的主产区，系统分析油菜生产碳足迹对促进该地区农业低碳化生产与缓解气候变化的影响具有重要的意义。本文基于油菜播种面积、产量及生产投入等统计资料数据，运用农业碳足迹理论和生命周期评价法定量分析2004-2015年长江中下游地区油菜生产碳足迹时空变化动态及其构成。研究结果表明，油菜生产的碳足迹呈先下降后上升的趋势，最低点出现在2013年，为2 177.6 kg·hm-2；肥料和人工是长江流域油菜生产主要的温室气体排放源，分别占总碳足迹的50.9%~53.1%和5.8%~8.4%。不同省份间油菜生产碳足迹具有明显的差异，江苏省和浙江省的单位面积碳足迹（CFa）和单位产量碳足迹（CFy）均较高，而湖南和江西两省的CFa和CFy均较低。长江中下游地区油菜高产省CFa、CFy显著高于低产省，其中，氮肥、磷肥和复合肥产生的碳足迹值均显著高于低产省份，分别提高81.7%、81.2%和112.8%（P < 0.05）。研究表明发展油菜生产节肥技术，加强机械一体化技术以减少人工成本是未来长江流域油菜应对气候变化发展低碳农业的重要举措。结果部分尽量详细些
关键词:碳足迹/
油菜/
全球变暖/
生命周期/
时空变化/
减排
Abstract:The Yangtze River is one of the major oilseed rape producing areas in China. It is therefore of great significance to analyze the carbon footprint of oilseed rape, for developing low-carbon agriculture and for climate change mitigation in this region. Based on the statistical data of sown area, crop yield, and farmland investment of oilseed rape production along the Yangtze River, the spatiotemporal dynamic change in carbon footprint and its composition of oilseed rape during 2004-2015 in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River was estimated using the theory of carbon footprint and life cycle assessment method in the agricultural sector. The results showed the carbon footprint of oilseed rape at first decreased and then increased, the lowest point being 2 177.6 kg·hm-2 in 2013. The main components of the carbon footprint for oilseed rape production were fertilizer (50.9%-53.1%) and labor (5.8%-8.4%). Obvious differences were found among main agricultural provinces in the study area. The carbon footprint per unit area (CFa) and per unit yield (CFy) of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces were higher, while that of Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces were lower. What was more, the CFa and CFy in high yield regions were significantly higher than that in low yield regions. Among them, the carbon footprint of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and compound fertilizer was significantly higher than that for low-yielding provinces, which increased by 81.7%, 81.2%, and 112.8%, respectively, (P < 0.05). The results suggest that improving crop management practices that limit fertilizer consumption and strengthen mechanical integration technology to reduce labor costs could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from oilseed rape production along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
Key words:Carbon footprint/
Oilseed rape/
Global warming/
Life cycle assessment/
Spatio-temporal variation/
Greenhouse gas mitigation
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