摘要:农业生态足迹作为一种有效衡量农业可持续发展状况的计量工具，具有模型可操作性和结果可比性强的优势。本文从农业生态足迹的概念内涵出发，对农业生态足迹的算法、参数调整及农业生态足迹的应用等方面的国内外相关研究进行了文献综述。算法上，介绍了农业生态足迹的4种计算思路，包括只考虑农业生物资源消耗、同时考虑农业生物资源消耗和能源消耗、考虑农业废弃物及污染物以及结合其他计量方法，并分别阐述了其具体算法，且总结了农业生态足迹参数调整的一般方法；应用上，梳理了不同农业技术及生产方式的合理性分析及农业系统的可持续性分析。综述发现，算法方面，已有研究从农业生态足迹的传统模型出发，依据不同研究目的设计计算思路，近几年，与其他计量方法的结合应用越来越受到关注；参数方面，从直接采用"全球公顷"方法中的均衡因子和产量因子，到依据研究区域修改两个因子参数，再到结合能值理论、净初级生产力等其他计量方法中相对稳定的参数，使得计算结果更加精确；应用方面，逐渐以农业生态为研究主线，结合农业社会、经济、科技等维度综合探究农业可持续发展问题。
关键词:农业生态足迹/
算法/
参数调整/
农业可持续发展
Abstract:As an effective metrology tool to assess the sustainable development of agriculture, the agricultural ecological footprint has been widely adopted by scholars worldwide due to the model's high operability and result comparability. In the process of its development, the combination of the agricultural ecological footprint with other measurement methods, such as the energy theory, life cycle theory, input-output method, scenario simulation, etc., has provided an effective approach for sustainable agricultural development. In recent years, the contribution of agriculture to the GDP in China has been declining. Sustainable agricultural development and management are very important aspects for China to solve the "Three Rural Issues", which have already become extremely worthy of attention and research. Agriculture has its peculiarities. On the one hand, agricultural activities consume raw materials and energy resources. On the other hand, agriculture also yields products in addition to agricultural wastes and pollutants. Therefore, the agricultural ecological footprints are different from the ecological footprints of other industries. Based on the concept of agricultural ecological footprints, this article reviewed the domestic and international researches on the algorithm for agricultural ecological footprints, parameter adjustments, and application of agricultural ecological footprints for assessing sustainable agricultural development. In terms of the algorithm, this paper summed up four perspectives:1) only considering the agricultural consumption of biological resources, 2) simultaneously considering the agricultural consumption of both biological resources and energy, 3) considering agricultural waste and pollutants, and 4) combining other measurement methods. We also summarized the general methods for adjusting the parameters of agricultural ecological footprints. The paper also discussed the general methods for adjusting the parameters of agricultural ecological footprints, including the general methods for the adjustment of the yield (YF) and equivalence factors (EQF). In addition, this paper reviewed the impact of different agricultural technologies and modes of agricultural production on agricultural ecological footprints, as well as the application of agricultural ecological footprints for the sustainable development of agriculture. This research showed that scholars worldwide had made a series of empirical explorations in the fields related to agricultural ecological footprints, thus making significant progress. In terms of the algorithm, researchers had begun to improve the original algorithm from the traditional model of agricultural ecological footprints. In terms of parameter adjustments, scholars had constantly adjusted the YF and EQF to make the results closer to the reality of local agricultural development. In terms of the application, scholars had taken agroecology as the main line and combined social, economic, and technological dimensions to comprehensively study agricultural sustainable development.
Key words:Agricultural ecological footprint/
Algorithm/
Parameter adjustment/
Agricultural sustainable development
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