摘要:绿色全要素生产率（TFP）是衡量经济发展方式转变的重要指标，畜牧业高质量发展提升绿色TFP尤为关键。现有文献在测算省域绿色要素生产率时忽视了各省份之间的异质性，生产率指数基于以自身为参照的距离函数，导致结果不能相互比较，无法为决策者提供准确的政策建议。本文提出了一种可以测算各省份经济增长和环境改善对提升全国绿色TFP贡献率的新方法，主要基于稳健型整体方向性距离函数和整体Luenberger绿色生产率指标，将中国整体作为统一的方向衡量各省份对全国要素生产率的贡献，使得各省份的效率值具有可比性。通过分析中国31个省份2001—2016年畜牧业绿色TFP的增长变化，研究发现：1）从整体上看，样本期我国畜牧业绿色TFP的年均增长率为5.01%，其中经济效率对畜牧业绿色TFP的贡献率达88.83%；技术进步对绿色TFP增长的贡献率高达78.65%。2）从区域上看，我国畜牧业区域发展不平衡，东部和中部地区畜牧业发展快于西部地区。3）我国畜牧业绿色TFP增长存在改进空间，且环境效率改进空间大于经济效率，东部地区经济效率改进空间趋小，畜牧业经济增长与碳排放出现弱脱钩状态；中部地区经济效率与环境效率均有很大的改进空间；西部地区经济效率及碳减排还有一定改进空间。因此，为实现畜牧业高质量发展，畜牧业绿色TFP应加快由依靠增加要素投入向注重环境改善转变，加强绿色科技创新的促进作用；同时要突破城乡及区域要素流动制度障碍，提高人均畜牧产值来推动畜牧业区域平衡发展。
关键词:畜牧业/
整体方向性距离函数/
绿色全要素生产率/
Luenberger生产率指标/
By-production模型
Abstract:Green total factor productivity (TFP) is a key indicator for measuring the transformation mode of economic development. The promotion of green TFP has been particularly important for achieving high-quality development of animal husbandry. Existing literatures on green TFP have ignored inter-regional heterogeneity. The productivity index has been usually measured based on distance functions of evaluated unit (province) own leading to results not inter-comparable among units. consequently failure in providing accurate policy advice for decision makers. This paper proposed a novel approach of allocating the contributions of economic gain and environmental improvement to green TFP growth of every evaluated unit. Based on the concept, the main contribution was based on a robust aggregate directional distance function and aggregate Luenberger productivity indicators. We set a unified direction for all over China to measure green TFP evolution of animal husbandry in 31 provinces for the period 2001-2016. The results showed that:1) generally, the average annual growth rate of green TFP in China's animal husbandry was 5.01%; of which the contribution rate of economic efficiency was 88.83% and that of technological progress as high as 78.65%. 2) There were regional imbalances in the development of animal husbandry industry across provinces, with eastern and central regions having faster growth than western areas. 3) There was potential of improvement in green TFP growth of animal husbandry in China with bigger room for improvement of environment efficiency than economic efficiency. Different directions of the improvement of green TFP growth of animal husbandry existed among the eastern, central and western regions of China. For the eastern regions, economy growth and carbon emission was in weak decoupling with small improvement room of TFP growth. For the central regions, both economic and environment efficiencies had great improvement room. And the western region had certain potential in economic efficiency enhancement and carbon emission reduction. Thus in order to realize high-quality development of animal husbandry, there was need to accelerate the transformation from relying on increasing the input of factors to environmental improvement for increasing green TFP of animal husbandry, and to strengthen the innovation of green science and technology. Also to realize balanced development of animal husbandry, it was necessary to break the police obstacles between urban and rural areas, and among regions, and increase per capita animal husbandry output value.
Key words:Animal husbandry/
Aggregate directional distance function/
Green total factor productivity/
Luenberger productivity indicator/
By-production technology
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