摘要:农牧户作为退牧还草技术的实施者和重要利益相关者，其对技术的感知度和认可度对于调整和完善退牧还草技术具有重要的现实意义。本文以草地荒漠化典型区域——内蒙古鄂托克旗为例，采用主观层次分析法和客观熵权法相结合的方法，构建包括技术成熟度、技术应用难度、技术相宜性、技术效益和技术推广潜力5个方面的退牧还草技术综合评价指标体系，基于农牧户视角对内蒙古鄂托克旗退牧还草技术进行综合评价。结果表明：1）基于农牧户视角的鄂托克旗退牧还草技术综合评价结果为0.469 8，说明农牧户对于退牧还草技术的综合评价处于中等水平，技术满意度一般，技术可持续性较弱。具体表现为农牧户对于技术自身的草地生态系统退化修复功能持以肯定态度，生态效益评价较高；而对于经济效益和技术可持续性评价较低。2）分项退牧还草技术评价结果由高到低的排序为：技术相宜性、技术效益、技术成熟度、技术应用难度、技术推广潜力。3）分区域研究得出，鄂托克旗退牧还草技术综合评价的区域差异性较小。因此，退牧还草技术的综合评价结果能够反映农牧户对于该项技术的满意程度，为退牧还草技术的持续有效实施提供参考。
关键词:荒漠化治理/
退牧还草技术/
农牧户/
层次分析法/
熵权法/
鄂托克旗
Abstract:To curb the accelerated degradation of natural grasslands in western China and promote ecological restoration, the Chinese government has encouraged the return of grazing lands to grassland since 2002. As both stakeholders and implementers of the technology for returning grazing lands to grasslands, farmers and herdsmen have important roles to play in adjusting and improving the technology for returning grazing lands to grasslands. In this paper, using micro-data on farmers and herdsmen in Etuoke Banner, Inner Mongolia, engineering techniques based on fence enclosure and management techniques that combine grass-fixing and seasonal grazing are used as evaluation objects along with an analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. The combination method includes an evaluation index system that includes five aspects:technical maturity, technical application difficulty, technical suitability, technical benefits, and technical promotion potential. From the perspective of farmers and herdsmen, the result of the comprehensive evaluation of the technology for returning grazing lands to grasslands was 0.469 8, indicating that the technology received an overall medium score by farmers and herdsmen, technical satisfaction was medium, and technical sustainability was considered weak. Farmers and herdsmen affirmed the degradation function of grassland ecosystems and the ecological benefit evaluation was considered high, while economic benefits and technology sustainability received a low score. The evaluation results followed the order of technical suitability > technical benefits > technical maturity > technical application difficulty > technical promotion potential. Regional differences in the comprehensive evaluation results were small. Many of the problems associated with the technology, if not appropriately resolved, will affect continuous and effective implementation, making achievements in returning grazing lands to grasslands difficult to consolidate. The comprehensive evaluation reflects the degree of satisfaction with the technology among farmers and herdsmen, and provides a reference for the continued effective implementation of the technology for returning grazing lands to grassland.
Key words:Desertification control/
Technology for returning grazing land to grassland/
Farmers and herdsmen/
Analytic hierarchy process/
Entropy weight method/
Etuoke Banner
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