摘要:为探讨果农绿肥种植合理的生态补偿标准，以效用理论为指导，运用生态补偿理论，依托陕西省423份果农绿肥种植样本，构建果农受偿意愿的效用函数，测定果农绿肥种植的生态补偿标准，并通过Binary Logistic回归模型检验果农受偿意愿的影响因素。研究表明：绿肥种植生态补偿标准参数估计结果为2 611.80 ￥·hm-2，非参数估计结果为3 660.75 ￥·hm-2，两个数值作为陕西省果园绿肥种植生态补偿标准的动态调整区间。调研结果显示，约有77%的果农倾向于在果园种植绿肥，但是具有不同个人特征、家庭特征、认知水平的果农会表现出不同的绿肥种植意愿。回归分析表明，在陕西果农绿肥种植中，果农的个人禀赋以及家庭生产经营特征对受偿意愿的影响并不显著，村干部建议、果农对绿肥的认知和果农对国家绿肥产业政策的认知是主要影响因素，政策认知中种植补贴是农户绿肥种植的根本动因。基于上述结论，建议绿肥种植的大力推行首先应尊重果农意愿，其次应确定适当的生态补偿标准，建立管控与激励相结合的市场化、多元化的生态补偿制度。
关键词:绿肥/
受偿意愿/
生态补偿/
激励机制/
Logistics模型/
补偿变差
Abstract:To explore the reasonable ecological compensation standard of green manure planting for fruit farmers, the theories of utility as guides, relying on 423 green manure planting samples of fruit farmers in Shaanxi Province, and using ecological compensation theory, this paper constructed the utility function of fruit farmers' willingness to accept, and determined the compensation standard for fruit farmers. In addition, using the Binary Logistic regression model, this paper tests the factors affecting the willingness of farmers to accept. The calculation results of the ecological compensation standard for green manure planting showed that the parameter estimation result was 2 611.80 ￥·hm-2, and the non-parametric estimation result was 3 660.75 ￥·hm-2, both of which are dynamic adjustment intervals of the ecological compensation standards for green manure planting in orchards in Shaanxi Province. According to the survey results, approximately 77% of fruit growers tended to use green manure in orchards. Fruit growers with different personal characteristics, family characteristics, and cognitive levels would show different levels of willingness to use green manure. The regression analysis showed that for the fruit farmers in Shaanxi, the personal endowment of the fruit farmers and the family production and management characteristics had no significant impacts on the willingness to accept. The villagers suggested that the awareness of green manure and the national green manure industry policy had become the main influencing factors. The planting subsidy in the policy was the fundamental motivation for farmers to plant green manure. Based on the above conclusions, it is suggested that the vigorous implementation of green manure should first respect the willingness of farmers, and secondly, determined appropriate ecological compensation standards, and established a market-based and diversified ecological compensation system that combined control and incentives.
Key words:Green manure/
Willingness to accept/
Ecological compensation/
Incentive mechanism/
Logit model/
Compensating variation
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