摘要:小粒咖啡产业是云南省发展高原特色农业和精准扶贫的重点内容，开展生态适宜性研究有助于优化布局和扩大规模。基于ArcGIS建立了云南省气候、土壤理化、地形地貌因子精细化空间分布模型，利用层次分析法确定3个层次、11个生态适宜性指标权重，在重点区域进行小粒咖啡种植区生态适宜性分析及区划研究。结果表明：1）气候因子是小粒咖啡种植生态适宜性的关键性因子，地形地貌因子影响其次，土壤理化性质因子的影响最小；最冷月平均气温、2—3月降水量和海拔3项因子对小粒咖啡生态适宜性影响较大，各地在开展种植规划时要重点关注。2）小粒咖啡最适宜、适宜种植区主要分布在云南西南部和东南部，分别占国土面积的18.8%和15.0%，次适宜区占国土面积的21.0%。3）普洱市小粒咖啡适宜性最好，在中部和南部可开展大规模种植；临沧、德宏和保山等地应结合横断山脉的影响，在适宜性高的区域加强规划；西双版纳、文山、红河适宜性条件好，需加强规划和提高投入，充分发挥生态资源优势潜力；大理、怒江以及河谷热区也可以开展小粒咖啡种植，但需注意防范低温和干旱等灾害的影响。4）经采样点调查验证，生态适宜性分析及区划结果准确。云南省仍有较大范围的小粒咖啡种植适宜区，加强适宜种植区的规划布局有助于提高产量和品质，进而提升云南省小粒咖啡产业的国际竞争力。研究方法可以推广至其他高原特色农业品种，为优化选址规划和科学生态布局提供科学依据。
关键词:小粒咖啡/
生态适宜/
云南/
种植区划/
层次分析法
Abstract:Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most important commodity of plateau characteristic agriculture and for targeted poverty alleviation in Yunnan. Research on the ecological suitability of planting is conducive for optimizing the layout and expanding the scale. There are no reports on the suitability of C. arabica using GIS in China. Using ArcGIS, in this study, we established a refined spatial distribution model of climate, soil, and terrain factors and screened out three levels and 11 ecological suitability evaluation indexes using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to optimize the layout and expand the scale for planting C. arabica. The results showed the following:1) Climate is a key factor affecting ecological suitability, followed by terrain factor; soil factor was the least influential factor. 2) The minimum temperature of the coldest month, rainfall during February-March, and elevation had a significant effect on ecological suitability, which should be focused on while planning planting. 3) The most suitable and suitable areas for C. arabica cultivation were mainly distributed southwest and southeast of Yunnan, accounting for 18.8% and 15.0% of the land area in Yunnan; sub-suitable areas accounted for 21.0% of the land area. 4) Pu'er City comprised a high proportion of suitable areas, and large-scale planting can be carried out in central and southern regions of Pu'er City. 5) The key counties in Lincang, Dehong, and Baoshan should make rational use of ecological advantages of the Hengduan Mountains to strengthen appropriate regional planning and layout of coffee cultivation. 6) Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, and Honghe had a high proportion of highly suitable areas, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the planning layout and planting scale, and make full use of the ecological advantages and potential. 7) Dali and Nujiang, as well as other valley hotspots in Yunnan, are also suitable for C. arabica cultivation, but attention should be paid to prevent the effects of disasters such as low temperature and drought. There is still a large proportion of developmental potential areas for C. arabica cultivation, which offers a foundation for improving yield and quality and enhancing the international competitiveness of C. arabica in Yunnan. By combining field investigation findings, our results indicate that ecological suitability and zoning analyses are accurate, which can be extended to the development of characteristic agriculture industry in the plateau, and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of site selection planning and scientific ecological layout.
Key words:Coffea arabica L./
Ecological suitability/
Yunnan/
Planting zoning/
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
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