杜强强1,
韩文杰2,
徐康康2,
井添祺2,
周家中2,
蔡言安3,
吴迪2,,
1.北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司, 北京 100082
2.青岛思普润水处理股份有限公司, 青岛 266510
3.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266033
作者简介: 陈祥瑞(1980—),男,本科。研究方向:给排水与水环境综合治理。E-mail:18563979729@163.com.
通讯作者: 吴迪,hitwudi@126.com
中图分类号: X703
Pilot test on the treatment of medium-concentration domestic sewage in northern China by BFM process based on pure MBBR
CHEN Xiangrui1,,DU Qiangqiang1,
HAN Wenjie2,
XU Kangkang2,
JING Tianqi2,
ZHOU Jiazhong2,
CAI Yanan3,
WU Di2,,
1.Beijing Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100082, China
2.Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266510, China
3.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
Corresponding author: WU Di,hitwudi@126.com
CLC number: X703
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摘要:为研究纯膜MBBR工艺用于国内北方市政污水的处理效果,采用基于两级AO纯膜MBBR耦合改良磁加载沉淀的BFM中试系统处理北方某污水厂进水,同步对比污水处理厂活性污泥系统处理效果。同时,为了完善工艺设计标准,研究了BFM工艺基质转化关系,并通过微生物高通量测序的方式分析了系统菌群组成及功能菌相对丰度,从微观层面解释了宏观运行效果。结果表明,从处理效果上看,BFM中试在出水稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准的基础上,系统HRT为7.76 h,仅为相同进水条件下污水处理厂活性污泥系统HRT的30%,节地优势明显;在进水重金属冲击下,BFM中试系统受到的影响更小,恢复时间更短,体现出较强的抗冲击特性;从基质转化关系上看,BFM系统生化段通过同化除磷可去除19.61%的STP,其余TP通过M段化学除磷去除,核算除磷所需Al/P为2.12,较污水处理厂二沉池化学除磷所需Al/P(4.35)明显降低,除磷效率高,药剂投加量省;从微观层面上看,成熟后的BFM系统前好氧区生物膜厚度为(345.78±74.81) μm,高于污水处理厂活性污泥系统好氧区生物膜厚度(228.83±66.27) μm,显示出纯膜MBBR生物膜生物量更大;高通量测序结果表明,纯膜MBBR极大的强化了对于功能菌的富集效率,Nitrospira在好氧生物膜中相对丰度达到15.62%~22.30%,核算硝化菌生物量达到(1.13±0.21) g·L?1,显著高于对比的活性污泥系统。上述研究结果表明,BFM工艺在保证稳定处理效果的基础上,节地效果突出,且化学除磷效率高,运行成本相比传统工艺无明显增加,该工艺可用于紧凑型污水处理厂建设。
关键词: 悬浮载体/
填料/
生物膜/
磁加载沉淀/
重金属/
污泥产率/
高通量测序
Abstract:In order to study the treatment effect of pure MBBR Process on municipal wastewater in northern China, BFM pilot system based on two-stage AO pure MBBR coupling improved magnetic loading sedimentation was used to treat the influent of a WWTP in northern China, and its treatment effect was simultaneously compared with that of activated sludge system in WWTP. At the same time, in order to improve the process design standard, the matrix transformation relationship in BFM process was also studied. The composition of the system flora and the relative abundance of functional bacteria were analyzed by microbial high-throughput sequencing, and the operation effect at a macro-level was explained at a micro level. The results showed that in terms of treatment effect, the HRT of BFM pilot system was 7.76 h with the stable effluent quality of Class-I-A Standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002), which was only 30% of the HRT of activated sludge system in WWTP under the same influent conditions, which had a significant land-saving advantage; Under the impact of influent heavy metals, the pilot BFM system was less affected and the recovery time was shorter than conventional activated sludge system, reflecting a strong impact resistance; In terms of matrix transformation relationship, 19.61% of STP could be removed by assimilation phosphorus removal in the biochemical section of BFM system, and the rest TP could be removed by chemical phosphorus removal in section M. The Al/P ratio required for phosphorus removal was calculated to be 2.12, which was significantly lower than the Al/P ratio of 4.35 required for chemical phosphorus removal in the secondary sedimentation tank of WWTP, so both high phosphorus removal efficiency and reagent dosage-saving occurred; From the micro level, the biofilm thickness in the aerobic zone before the mature BFM system was (345.78±74.81) μm. It was higher than (228.83±66.27) μm of the aerobic area in WWTP, it showed that the biomass of pure MBBR biofilm was greater; High throughput sequencing results showed that pure MBBR greatly enhanced the enrichment efficiency of functional bacteria. The relative abundance of Nitrospira in aerobic biofilm reached 15.62%~22.30%, and the calculated biomass of nitrifying bacteria reached (1.13±0.21) g·L?1, which was significantly higher than that of the comparative activated sludge system. The results showed that on the basis of ensuring the stable treatment effect, BFM process had an outstanding land saving effect, high chemical phosphorus removal efficiency and insignificant increase in operation cost compared with the traditional process. It can be used in the construction of compact WWTP.
Key words:suspended carrier/
filling materials/
biofilm/
magnetic loading precipitation/
heavy metal/
sludge yield/
high throughput sequencing.
图1污水厂工艺流程图
Figure1.Flow chart of WWTP
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图2BFM中试工艺流程图
Figure2.Flow chart of BFM pilot
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图3BFM中试实验装置图
Figure3.Device diagram of BFM pilot
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图4BFM及对照污水处理厂对COD的处理效果
Figure4.COD treatment effects of BFM and WWTP
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图5BFM及对照污水处理厂对NH4+-N的处理效果
Figure5.NH4+-N treatment effects of BFM and WWTP
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图6BFM及对照污水处理厂对TN的处理效果
Figure6.TN treatment effects of BFM and WWTP
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图7BFM及对照污水处理厂对SS的处理效果
Figure7.SS treatment effects of BFM and WWTP
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图8BFM及对照污水处理厂对TP的处理效果
Figure8.TP treatment effects of BFM and WWTP
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图9BFM中试系统前好氧区与污水处理厂好氧区悬浮载体生物膜厚度测定、生物相测定及载体宏观照片
Figure9.Biofilm thickness measurement, biological phase measurement and macro photos of suspended carrier in pre aerobic area of BFM pilot and aerobic area of WWTP
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图10BFM中试系统TP去除途径
Figure10.TP removal pathway of BFM pilot system
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图11污水处理厂生化段不同生物相微生物组成
Figure11.Microbial composition of different biological phases in biochemical section of WWTP
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图12BFM中试前好氧段微生物组成
Figure12.Microbial composition of first aerobic area of BFM pilot system
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图13典型生物膜功能菌群随生物膜厚度分布
Figure13.Distribution of typical functional flora with biofilm thickness
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表1BFM中试装置设计参数
Table1.Design parameters of BFM pilot
功能区 | 池容/m3 | HRT/h |
BFM-B前A | 8.20 | 2.69 |
BFM-B前O | 8.20 | 2.69 |
BFM-B后A | 4.10 | 1.35 |
BFM-B后O | 1.00 | 0.34 |
BFM-M混合区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M絮凝区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M磁种区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M混凝区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M沉淀区 | 0.49 | 0.49 |
功能区 | 池容/m3 | HRT/h |
BFM-B前A | 8.20 | 2.69 |
BFM-B前O | 8.20 | 2.69 |
BFM-B后A | 4.10 | 1.35 |
BFM-B后O | 1.00 | 0.34 |
BFM-M混合区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M絮凝区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M磁种区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M混凝区 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
BFM-M沉淀区 | 0.49 | 0.49 |
下载: 导出CSV
表2BFM中试各实验阶段运行参数
Table2.Operation parameters at each experimental stage of BFM pilot
运行阶段 | 时间/d | HRT/h | 温度/℃ | 进水COD/(mg·L?1) | 进水NH4+-N/(mg·L?1) | 进水TN/(mg·L?1) |
启动 | 16 | 107.52~7.07 | 19.4~22.0 | 416.35±15.37 | 36.74±4.88 | 44.66±3.87 |
稳定运行阶段(阶段I) | 175 | 7.07 | 22.0~17.6 | 401.29±52.51 | 37.93±6.98 | 44.80±6.32 |
重金属冲击 | 16 | 7.07~8.9 | 17.0~14.7 | 408.28±10.31 | 41.28±9.57 | 51.89±9.60 |
第2次稳定运行阶段(阶段Ⅱ) | 76 | 7.07 | 14.7~14.6 | 371.94±15.20 | 49.28±10.38 | 54.07±10.38 |
运行阶段 | 时间/d | HRT/h | 温度/℃ | 进水COD/(mg·L?1) | 进水NH4+-N/(mg·L?1) | 进水TN/(mg·L?1) |
启动 | 16 | 107.52~7.07 | 19.4~22.0 | 416.35±15.37 | 36.74±4.88 | 44.66±3.87 |
稳定运行阶段(阶段I) | 175 | 7.07 | 22.0~17.6 | 401.29±52.51 | 37.93±6.98 | 44.80±6.32 |
重金属冲击 | 16 | 7.07~8.9 | 17.0~14.7 | 408.28±10.31 | 41.28±9.57 | 51.89±9.60 |
第2次稳定运行阶段(阶段Ⅱ) | 76 | 7.07 | 14.7~14.6 | 371.94±15.20 | 49.28±10.38 | 54.07±10.38 |
下载: 导出CSV
表3进水重金属含量及对硝化菌的抑制浓度
Table3.Heavy metal content in influent and its inhibitory concentration on nitrifying bacteria
重金属 | 进水浓度/ (mg·L?1) | 抑制浓度/ (mg·L?1) | 抑制效果 | 参考文献 |
镉 | 0.4 | 5 | 活性降低23% | [9] |
铅 | 12.9 | 40 | 活性无明显下降 | [10] |
铬 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 活性降低74% | [11] |
铜 | 46.2 | 1 | 活性降低50% | [12] |
锌 | 481 | 20 | 活性降低40% | [13] |
重金属 | 进水浓度/ (mg·L?1) | 抑制浓度/ (mg·L?1) | 抑制效果 | 参考文献 |
镉 | 0.4 | 5 | 活性降低23% | [9] |
铅 | 12.9 | 40 | 活性无明显下降 | [10] |
铬 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 活性降低74% | [11] |
铜 | 46.2 | 1 | 活性降低50% | [12] |
锌 | 481 | 20 | 活性降低40% | [13] |
下载: 导出CSV
表4BFM-B段基质转化情况
Table4.Matrix transformation of BFM-B section
样品 | SS | VSS | FSS | TCOD | SCOD |
进水 | 161.36 | 86.77 | 74.59 | 387.50 | 266.94 |
出水 | 222.38 | 127.71 | 94.38 | 218.22 | 38.31 |
样品 | SS | VSS | FSS | TCOD | SCOD |
进水 | 161.36 | 86.77 | 74.59 | 387.50 | 266.94 |
出水 | 222.38 | 127.71 | 94.38 | 218.22 | 38.31 |
下载: 导出CSV
表5污水厂及BFM-B段好氧区硝化菌组成
Table5.Composition of nitrifying bacteria in aerobic area of WWTP and BFM-B section
日期 | 生物相形式 | Nitrosomonas相对丰度 /% | Nitrospira 相对丰度/% | 生物量/(g·L?1) | VSS/(g·L?1) | 硝化菌含量/(g·L?1) |
2020-06-06 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.42 | 15.62 | 7.86 | 5.42 | 0.87 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.15 | 7.96 | 2.98 | 2.09 | 0.17 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.03 | 0.58 | 4.31 | 2.33 | 0.01 | |
2020-08-31 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.65 | 21.11 | 7.62 | 5.18 | 1.13 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.34 | 8.79 | 3.33 | 2.26 | 0.21 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.04 | 0.49 | 4.41 | 2.47 | 0.01 | |
2020-11-15 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.87 | 20.72 | 7.43 | 5.35 | 1.16 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.40 | 10.91 | 3.37 | 2.36 | 0.27 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.6 | 0.20 | 4.22 | 2.24 | 0.02 | |
2020-12-29 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.77 | 22.30 | 8.05 | 5.96 | 1.37 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.73 | 5.27 | 3.68 | 2.54 | 0.15 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 5.49 | 3.13 | 0.01 |
日期 | 生物相形式 | Nitrosomonas相对丰度 /% | Nitrospira 相对丰度/% | 生物量/(g·L?1) | VSS/(g·L?1) | 硝化菌含量/(g·L?1) |
2020-06-06 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.42 | 15.62 | 7.86 | 5.42 | 0.87 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.15 | 7.96 | 2.98 | 2.09 | 0.17 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.03 | 0.58 | 4.31 | 2.33 | 0.01 | |
2020-08-31 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.65 | 21.11 | 7.62 | 5.18 | 1.13 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.34 | 8.79 | 3.33 | 2.26 | 0.21 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.04 | 0.49 | 4.41 | 2.47 | 0.01 | |
2020-11-15 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.87 | 20.72 | 7.43 | 5.35 | 1.16 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.40 | 10.91 | 3.37 | 2.36 | 0.27 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.6 | 0.20 | 4.22 | 2.24 | 0.02 | |
2020-12-29 | BFM-B段-生物膜 | 0.77 | 22.30 | 8.05 | 5.96 | 1.37 |
污水厂-生物膜 | 0.73 | 5.27 | 3.68 | 2.54 | 0.15 | |
污水厂-活性污泥 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 5.49 | 3.13 | 0.01 |
下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:2021-07-27
录用日期:2021-09-25
网络出版日期:2021-12-22
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基于纯膜MBBR的紧凑型污水处理BFM中试基质转化特性
陈祥瑞1,,杜强强1,
韩文杰2,
徐康康2,
井添祺2,
周家中2,
蔡言安3,
吴迪2,,
通讯作者: 吴迪,hitwudi@126.com
作者简介: 陈祥瑞(1980—),男,本科。研究方向:给排水与水环境综合治理。E-mail:18563979729@163.com 1.北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司, 北京 100082
2.青岛思普润水处理股份有限公司, 青岛 266510
3.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 青岛 266033
收稿日期: 2021-07-27
录用日期: 2021-09-25
网络出版日期: 2021-12-22
关键词: 悬浮载体/
填料/
生物膜/
磁加载沉淀/
重金属/
污泥产率/
高通量测序
摘要:为研究纯膜MBBR工艺用于国内北方市政污水的处理效果,采用基于两级AO纯膜MBBR耦合改良磁加载沉淀的BFM中试系统处理北方某污水厂进水,同步对比污水处理厂活性污泥系统处理效果。同时,为了完善工艺设计标准,研究了BFM工艺基质转化关系,并通过微生物高通量测序的方式分析了系统菌群组成及功能菌相对丰度,从微观层面解释了宏观运行效果。结果表明,从处理效果上看,BFM中试在出水稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准的基础上,系统HRT为7.76 h,仅为相同进水条件下污水处理厂活性污泥系统HRT的30%,节地优势明显;在进水重金属冲击下,BFM中试系统受到的影响更小,恢复时间更短,体现出较强的抗冲击特性;从基质转化关系上看,BFM系统生化段通过同化除磷可去除19.61%的STP,其余TP通过M段化学除磷去除,核算除磷所需Al/P为2.12,较污水处理厂二沉池化学除磷所需Al/P(4.35)明显降低,除磷效率高,药剂投加量省;从微观层面上看,成熟后的BFM系统前好氧区生物膜厚度为(345.78±74.81) μm,高于污水处理厂活性污泥系统好氧区生物膜厚度(228.83±66.27) μm,显示出纯膜MBBR生物膜生物量更大;高通量测序结果表明,纯膜MBBR极大的强化了对于功能菌的富集效率,Nitrospira在好氧生物膜中相对丰度达到15.62%~22.30%,核算硝化菌生物量达到(1.13±0.21) g·L?1,显著高于对比的活性污泥系统。上述研究结果表明,BFM工艺在保证稳定处理效果的基础上,节地效果突出,且化学除磷效率高,运行成本相比传统工艺无明显增加,该工艺可用于紧凑型污水处理厂建设。
English Abstract
Pilot test on the treatment of medium-concentration domestic sewage in northern China by BFM process based on pure MBBR
CHEN Xiangrui1,,DU Qiangqiang1,
HAN Wenjie2,
XU Kangkang2,
JING Tianqi2,
ZHOU Jiazhong2,
CAI Yanan3,
WU Di2,,
Corresponding author: WU Di,hitwudi@126.com
1.Beijing Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100082, China2.Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266510, China
3.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
Received Date: 2021-07-27
Accepted Date: 2021-09-25
Available Online: 2021-12-22
Keywords: suspended carrier/
filling materials/
biofilm/
magnetic loading precipitation/
heavy metal/
sludge yield/
high throughput sequencing
Abstract:In order to study the treatment effect of pure MBBR Process on municipal wastewater in northern China, BFM pilot system based on two-stage AO pure MBBR coupling improved magnetic loading sedimentation was used to treat the influent of a WWTP in northern China, and its treatment effect was simultaneously compared with that of activated sludge system in WWTP. At the same time, in order to improve the process design standard, the matrix transformation relationship in BFM process was also studied. The composition of the system flora and the relative abundance of functional bacteria were analyzed by microbial high-throughput sequencing, and the operation effect at a macro-level was explained at a micro level. The results showed that in terms of treatment effect, the HRT of BFM pilot system was 7.76 h with the stable effluent quality of Class-I-A Standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002), which was only 30% of the HRT of activated sludge system in WWTP under the same influent conditions, which had a significant land-saving advantage; Under the impact of influent heavy metals, the pilot BFM system was less affected and the recovery time was shorter than conventional activated sludge system, reflecting a strong impact resistance; In terms of matrix transformation relationship, 19.61% of STP could be removed by assimilation phosphorus removal in the biochemical section of BFM system, and the rest TP could be removed by chemical phosphorus removal in section M. The Al/P ratio required for phosphorus removal was calculated to be 2.12, which was significantly lower than the Al/P ratio of 4.35 required for chemical phosphorus removal in the secondary sedimentation tank of WWTP, so both high phosphorus removal efficiency and reagent dosage-saving occurred; From the micro level, the biofilm thickness in the aerobic zone before the mature BFM system was (345.78±74.81) μm. It was higher than (228.83±66.27) μm of the aerobic area in WWTP, it showed that the biomass of pure MBBR biofilm was greater; High throughput sequencing results showed that pure MBBR greatly enhanced the enrichment efficiency of functional bacteria. The relative abundance of Nitrospira in aerobic biofilm reached 15.62%~22.30%, and the calculated biomass of nitrifying bacteria reached (1.13±0.21) g·L?1, which was significantly higher than that of the comparative activated sludge system. The results showed that on the basis of ensuring the stable treatment effect, BFM process had an outstanding land saving effect, high chemical phosphorus removal efficiency and insignificant increase in operation cost compared with the traditional process. It can be used in the construction of compact WWTP.